and karen donfried was special assistant to the president and senior director for european affairs on national security council during the obama administration. she's now the president of the german marshal fund in the u.s., an organization which seeks to straighten relations with europe. and we welcome both of you to the program. paula dobriansky, to you first in warsaw, overall, what would you say the message is from president trump that's come across to his european listeners? >> well, the primary message was that european security matters to us greatly, that towards that end that the forward deployment of our troops on the border matter greatly. they reassure not just the pols but the neighborhood and also the important of the alliance that article 5, our collective defense is crucial and to the end that alliances played an important role in the past and will in the future. combined with that, it was very clear that, related, the president also made it very clear that he was very concerned about russian aggression and the need to have a cessation of the violence and conflict in uk