he was loosely allied with karzai. early on he had taken his weapons, turned in most of them but not all of them as he would say karzai allowed him to keep some for his own protection. and karzai essentially gave him he said a toyota dealership. but he found selling toyotas beneath him so he made his son do that. and in 2005-2006, he was basically in retirement. by 2009, however, he was running for parliament in part because he had been pressured by a lot of his allies that, listen, in 2005 he was still worried about getting prosecuted for war crimes or enemies coming after him. he was unsure what was u.s. was going to do. the by 2009 it was sort of clear to him that he was probably safe and a lot of his allies were saying we need to make some money, we need to get into this game over here where everyone is trading deals. and so by 2009, he had been pulled firmly away from some of these processes. or sort of pulled into processes like elections which were perceived as from the afghan public's point of view a corrupt wa

and karzai and later gani and what lessons do you think can be learned from these?nd then let me ask a second related question now, you mentioned in your testimony that there were missed opportunities due to short-term military objectives being prioritized over longer term governance objectives. to what extent was that a factor exacerbating tensions between the u.s. and afghan leaders? and what were some of the other important consequences of the tensions between military and political objectives? thank you. >> thank you very much, it's very great to see you. on karzai, i would divide it in at least four areas contributed to that sense of distrust. first and primarily it began with the civilian casualties and that specifically because it was happening at the heart of president karzai's own constituency, and therefore there was a distinction between a military objective that the military forces were carrying out and his own political objectives in there. the second one was basically the media leaks about the disagreements that he had with the u.s. officials especiall