freedom struggle in kashmir in indian held kashmir, started in 1989. its impact on pakistan was there were dozens of mujahideen groups have sprung up from our society inside pakistan. volunteers preparing, wanting to go to india part of kashmir to fight the indian army. so therefore an in an effect why have highlighted these elements is that religious militancy was introduced by us from 79, continued in 289. then having abandoned the place by the united states, it continued in a different form, all bodies fighting each other, ethnic groups, taliban emerged. al qaeda becomes and the kashmir freedom struggle, mujahideen in pakistan. religious militancy from the east, from the west of pakistan, from east to pakistan. pakistan became a victim of religious militancy. so therefore my deduction ladies and gentlemen, pakistan is not the perpetrator of terrorism. until my teen 79 we were in perfect harmony. all that happened within pakistan is that we became a victim of circumstances in the region. then comes 9/11, ladies and gentlemen. now after 9/11 there was

kashmir. its impact on pakistan was there was dozens of mujahideen groups that sprung up from society inside pakistan, volunteers preparing, wanting -- india is part of kashmir to fight the indian army. so therefore in effect why i highlight these elements is that religious militants was introduced by us in 1979, then, having abandoned the place by the united states, it went in a different form. all bodies fighting each other, ethnic groups, taliban everged. and kashmir freedom struggle, mujahideen in pakistan. really militants from the east, from the west of pakistan, from the east of pakistan, pakistan became a victim. of religious militants. so therefore my deduction, adjustment, pakistan is not a perfect picture of terrorism. until 1979 we were in perfect harmony of the situation. we became a victim of circumstances in the region. then comes 9/11, ladies and gentlemen. after 9/11 there was obviously an attack here. it was most terrible and obvious attack by the united states in afghanistan

freedom struggle in kashmir.ts impact on pakistan was that there were dozens of mujahideen groups which sprang up from society inside pakistan, volunteers preparing, wanting pashtun to fight indian army. so, therefore, in effect, these elements, really it was introduced by us from 79-89, then having abandoned the place by united states, it is viewed in a different form of all fighting each other, ethnic group, al qaeda emerge, and freedom struggle, really from the east, from the west of pakistan to the east of pakistan, pakistan became a victim of religion militants. so, therefore, my deduction, ladies and gentlemen, pakistan is not perfect trained of terrorism. until 1979 we were only in situation, all that happened within pakistan is that we became a victim of circumstances in the region. then comes 9/11, ladies and gentlemen. now, after 9/11 there was obviously the attack year. it was most terrible and obvious attack by united states and afghanistan. my pakistan join the coalition. now, i was on the scene thin

pringle, 100% kashmir and designed and scotland.t it does not say on the label or the web site is where it is made. if you thought it was woven by skilled scottish craftsman, that is a surprise. -- you are in for a surprise. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> i have come to the other side of the world to find out where the kashmir sweaters are made. it turns out, it is here in mongolia in an industrial zone on the outskirts of the capital. >> they have been working with edinburgh and they joined us about five years ago. we have worked together to develop the products and to teach us how to be true to textbook manufacturing. >> mongolian shepherds are some of the most prolific producers of cashmere. what is unexpected is that many of the workers at this factory in mongolia come from north korea. >> they are quite skilled. they are looked after and they have food, showers, television. they are treated very very well. >> they get food and board but there is a mystery about what happens to their wages. at the factory, we were told that they pay the government, n

on kashmir, indeed. let me say that it was a passion with me to resolve disputes and bring india and pakistan closer. it was in my time there was so much interaction, people-to-people sbacks -- interaction that when we had a cricket match between india and pakistan at lahore which was the hub of cricket and which has been quite anti-india, the people of pakistan were cheering the indian team. for the first time it was unique. because i was encouraging the indian team. i met them and i was encouraging this interaction. now, the issue of kashmir has to be resolved. other than that, the action is minor. we took them to a stage, myself and the prime minister, that they can be signed yesterday. it just needs leadership, sign it and finish it off. kashmir is the problem. we had moved forward on kashmir because of certain issues i laid down it was my thinking, the demilitarization giving maximum self-governance, having an overall mechanism of india and pakistan and also making the line of control irrelevant thr

the indian portion of kashmir. islam was spread by sufi saints. it was so remarkably pluralistic the main vein is known as -- [inaudible] among hindus, the same person. arishi is the word for saint, and these are the people who spread islam in kashmir. amazingly remarkable, we belong to the same parents. why the difference that hindus and muslims together worship god? we came to the world like partners, we should share our joys and sorrows together. this is not a festival in honor of -- [inaudible] but another kashmiri state. that annual city, and also the spring and kashmir is offering prayer there. and to date sufiism still has residence there. sufiism is true islam. sufiism is the part of love. for militant islamists, love is a hated world n. the place of love for all, which the sufis have taught, they insist we should hate all those who disagree with us. sufiism still has elements, some of the militant groups have try today post a -- we come to another muslim sect, and here i'm selfing into controversial territ

its impact on -- indian held kashmir.olunteers preparing and wanting india as part of cashmere and were fighting the indian army. -- kashmir. and were fighting the indian army. it continued in a different form. all parties fighting each other. taliban emerged. this new freedom struggle, religious militancy from the east and west of pakistan. pakistan became a victim of religious militancy. my deduction, ladies and gentlemen, pakistan is not the protector of terrorism. we became a victim of circumstances in the region. then comes 9/11, ladies and gentlemen. after 9/11, the terrorist attack here, it was most terrible. pakistan joined the coalition. i made the decision of joining the coalition in pakistan's own interests. i realized i knew that pakistan is a moderate country. pakistan wants to be a progressive, enlightened, moderate country. taliban's understanding of islam is not for pakistan. we would not have liked to be on the taliban side so we joined the coalition. here i want to highlight a few blunders. the first blu

india-ily over administered kashmir. pakistan was supported some of various actors that were active there. there's a history of animosity between these two countries. selling the kashmir dispute is necessary but not sufficient to try to find a peace between them. it would be an enormous step forward. ultimately, they are concerned on the current pakistani side that india is a bigger and economically stronger and militarily conventional superior conventional force that wants to do it harm. they see this as an existential threat a. as long as the pakistani security sees this as a threat, it will be difficult to bring overall stability to the region. this is something that would need to continue to be cognizant of. at the end of the day, the u.s. can only do so much for it in the and pakistan have to want to find a piece. they have to want to agree to peace between themselves very we cannot force that upon them. there are things the u.s. can do in terms of providing encouragement, acting as a safety net in case talks over k

it is not so much about kashmir. is about river water, it's about floods. so there are very serious environmental questions actually that both india and pakistan need to tackle and the rural population is key to this actually because in some ways they argue that urban areas are more environmental. at the same time i don't think we can have half a million people moved to cities and it can become pretty urban in the next 20 years. >> you know, john i think about how india has been welcomed into the rural community in a way. it is really taking a place, big place that one could not have expected just a decade ago. and yet, there are trends in pakistan that seemed to be isolating us from the rural community increasingly. and in your book you lay out some of those scenarios. how do you see, you call it the unraveling, these trends that we have been talking about how do you see it laying out in pakistan? >> well, and a very real sense pakistan has sold its soul to the devil by supporting radical islamic groups to serve its obsession with india. after 9/11, most o

angry about is american imperialism and is really imperialism and in india -- in pakistan, indian kashmirimperialism. away the profit much of -- where the prophet mohammad cartoons are framed no images are allowed, the imperialism of sunni muslim speaking on behalf of all muslims. to me that is a form of imperialism too. it is not just this issue. i talk a lot in the book about how if we are going to have integrity of anti imperialists we have to look at what muslims are doing to one another and recognize that as a form of colonization and oppression within our own -- >> another question from the audience. wait for the microphone. >> what is your background? culturally where you come from? >> canada. >> i mean originally were your parents were born. >> if i was born in canada i would still insist to you that is my background. i wasn't born in canada. you are lucky. i was born -- making the bigger point. i was born in east africa in uganda. my parents were born in east africa but their parents, my grandparents on one side come is from the northern india state and on my mother's side from s

with political parties, and the unavailability of access to candidates, both the incumbent seize kashmirrough the incumbent effect yesterday, 83% of congress

and unless we resolve two other issues -- for example, kashmir, if we resolve kashmir issue -- there would be -- . what is your -- . >> thank you. so i think the question has to do with kashmir. >> well, look, obviously, in dealing with both afghanistan and pakistan, and india, these are all part of a very vital area, a very vital region. and, you know, the challenge has always been to try to get these nations to try to come together to confront the common challenges and the common threats and the common issues that they face. but we're dealing with an awful lot of history here that has created incredible complexities and difficulties as they try to deal with these issues. the reality is that we cannot resolve the issues of afghanistan without resolving the issues of pakistan, that as we try to draw down and transition to a stable and secure afghanistan, in many ways we have to also have a stable and secure pakistan. and so it will require that we continue to pursue the efforts, the diplomatic efforts, to try to work with pakistan, to be a good partner. this is a complicated relation

unless we resolve other issues, if we dissolve kashmir issue, that would be unlocked without that issue. what is your -- >> i think the question has to do with kashmir. >> look, obviously in dealing with both afghanistan and pakistan and india, these are all part of a very vital area, a very vital region. the challenge has always been to try to get these nations to try to come together to confront the common challenges and common threats and the common issues that they face. but we are dealing with an awful lot of history here that has created incredible come flexities and difficulties as they try to deal with these issues. the reality is that we cannot resolve the issues of afghanistan without resolving the issues of pakistan. as we try to draw down and transition to a stable and secure afghanistan in many ways we have to also have a stable and secure pakistan. and so it will require that we continue to pursue the efforts, the diplomatic efforts, to try to work with pakistan, to be a good partner. this is a complicated relationship in pakistan for the united states. and admittedly ther

we are right in their reliance on haqqani as a regular forces and use them in kashmir and so on. now we are telling them they are your enemy, they will go after you and that is absolutely correct but we are saying go after them now. it seems to me that is the background for this relationship. how do we convince the pakistani that this time we are not going to leave them? >> we won't leave the area? >> we are not going to abandon pakistan again. >> first of all, we have made some serious mistakes relative to pakistan. one had to do with some planes which we sold to them. had their money and didn't deliver the planes. i don't know -- i don't claim to have been particularly courageous. i have to look at my own votes in that area. whether i met the test of courage isn't the point. it wasn't just mishandled. it was terribly wrong for us to be selling them something and not deliver while hanging onto their money. that has been corrected but 15 years, we know how many years and how that unfold. also, we are not leaving the area. your question contains both questions about are we leaving

it is an oddity because it morphed, originally an organization focused on kashmir and now it has got global aspirations. we made arrests here in the united states and so forth. so i was going to ask you, would you consider making that a condition in terms of that scorecard that reportedly we keep with pakistan? >> well, congressman, as you referenced in the beginning of your remarks, we have had intensive discussions with our indian counterparts. on my last trip to india, dni director clapper went with me and had many in depth conversations. so i do not want to commit at this time to taking such a path because i think it's important that there be further consideration of all of the implications. certainly every time we meet with the pakistanis we press them on let about the continuing failure in our view to fulfill all of the requirements necessary for prosecution related to the mumbai attacks and we will continue to do so. >> well, one of the concerns that i have if we don't elevate this issue, madam secretary, if we don't drive this point home now, it seems to me that some in the i

originally, it was an organization focused on kashmir. now it has global aspirations. we have made arrests here in the united states. i was going to ask you, when you consider making that a condition in terms of that score card that we keep with pakistan? >> congressman, as you referenced in the beginning of your remarks, we have had intensive discussions with our indian counterparts. on my last trip to india, dni director clapper went with me and had many and that cooperation -- in-depth conversations. i think it is important that there be further consideration of all of the implications. every time we meet with the pakistanis, we pressed them on l.a.t., about the continuing failure to fulfil all of the requirements necessary for prosecution related to the mumbai attacks and we will continue to do so. >> if we do not elevate this issue, if we do not try at this point home now, it seems to me that some in the isi, in their assistance to the l.a.t. in orchestrating these attacks, are setting in motion the types of policies that lead to conflict between india and pakista

we've fought wars, there's a kashmir dispute, the [inaudible] dispute, et cetera, which is terrible andch i strongly believe has to be resolved. i am a strong believer that we have to resolve our disputes and have peace. i have been called in india at that time a man of war because i have, yes, i have fought two wars and i am a military man and a soldier. but i have always been saying that i am a man of war, but i am a man for peace because i understand the ravages of war, which maybe very few people understand, because my son is named after my best friend, who got killed in action. so, therefore, i understand ravages, how much you suffer in war. so, therefore, i am a man for peace. having said that -- >> what do you think india's -- >> yes? >> what do you think india's ambition is? >> yes, now, having said that, there is, unfortunately, always over the past decades, since 1950, since our independence, a tussle between the two intelligence organization and the two countries, which means raw on one side, isi on the other side, and this has been happening all over these decades. now, this

we have fought wars with india, there's the kashmir dispute which is terrible and i strongly believe has to be resolved i'm a strong believer that we have to resolve these disputes and have peace. i have been called in india a man of war because i have fought two wars and that a military man and a soldier. i would say i'm a man for peace. i understand the ravages of war which may be very few people understand my son is named after my best friend who got killed in action. therefore, i understand the ravages of war and how much to suffer. therefore, i am anti-war. >> what is the ambition? >> unfortunately, over the past decades since 1950, our independence, [unintelligible] this has been happening over these decades. we must resolve these disputes. in the past year for years, the manifestation is in afghanistan. there is some kind of proxy in afghanistan going on between pakistan and india. india is trying to create an anti-pakistan and afghanistan. >>why? what is the ambition? >> it must be to weaken pakistan, to have a week pakistan said that it can be dominated, so that it does not