host: your piece in cq weekly with your colleagues, kate ackley, has the headline "bringing in the machines." you write that significant advances in a computer's ability to recognize visual patterns that human negligence, including voice and text recognition, and to learn without supervision had promised machines closer to achieving cognitive tasks once humans. for vast quantities of data are the necessary food that computers must digest to learn new skills. in your reporting on this, is the amount the rate at which this is happening happening even faster than experts had predicted? guest: i would say it is happening at a pace that is slower than experts had predicted, because as far back as the 1960's and 1970's, the timeline that i offer in the story, have been predicting that type of intelligent machines were on the cusp, but it has taken a lot longer for engineers and computer scientists to get to this point, and that is because of various factors. one, you need a very height as machine that can do combinations at a great rate of speed, but also you needed a lot of data, which was not a