this was already the third campaign against the kazan khanate, which was formed after the collapse of the golden. kazan was well fortified, high walls with stone towers and a sixty-thousand-strong garrison. ivan the terrible offered the enemy to surrender, but was refused. the tatars fought bravely, counterattacked and raided the city gates, contemporaries danced, from the cannon fire and the mournful thunder and the voices of the screams of both people, and from the sharpness of the weapons, and you could not hear each other. there were more russians. for those advancing troops, engineer ivan vyrkov. built the sviyazhsk fortress and the tura towers with powerful cannons, and mine-explosive tunnels played a decisive role. the siege lasted almost a month and a half, and the fighting after the capture of kazan lasted another 6 years. the entire middle volga region became part of the russian state, the tatars, chuvashes, morians, bashkirs and other peoples were stopped from raiding russian lands, and russian merchants could now trade along the entire volga. on august 23 , 1735 , the oper

it came from history, in russian, this people was called cheremis, inherited by russia from the kazan khanate conquered by ivan the terrible, resisted exorbitant levies to the treasury, forced conversion to christianity, often stood up, and tsar feodor ioannovich decided to put in the troubled land fortified city, for which a monument was erected to it. that is how the trading town of tsarev kakshaisk grew up on the bank of the shallow malaya kakshaga river. with the establishment of soviet power , the town received the mari name iashkarala, that is, a red city, red, that is , beautiful, but this is like the case with our red square in moscow outside. and few people have heard of this city, a deep backwater, only gogol in dead souls says, and the court writes: escort you from tsarev kakshaisk to the prison of such and such a city. in the middle of the 19th century, the local district police officer reported to the government: in the city, there are no factories, plants, and there are different craftsmen : one carpenter, two shoemakers, two tailors, one coppersmith, one alavyannik, two dyers,

state, the crimean khanate in the south, behind which stood turkey, sweden was pressing from the north. in the east there were very weak militarily fragments of the golden horde: the kazantrakhan and siberian khanates, as well as the nogai horde, and further all the way to the pacific ocean, there were practically no obstacles, they took a course there. this was explained by several reasons, first of all, of course, the distance from moscow, and the freer such movements of people. the second reason was that in their expeditions to eastern siberia, russian explorers relied on the already developed western siberia. finally, there was a third reason, one of the main ones, for such a rapid advance of russian people to eastern siberia. by this time, the local tribes were already very familiar with the power of russian weapons, so many of them voluntarily went under protection. then in the sixties-eighties of the xvi century , the situation in the country deteriorated sharply, by the end of the reign of ivan the terrible, the russian the state completely lost the acquired territories, and then serious trials began for the country, famine, epidemic, unrest, part of the populat