examples such as mahmadon keita. he's considered a voluntary returnee from france, but was effectively deported after 14 years there. now he gives talks paid for by the french warning people not to go to europe illegally. dunnwald believes emigrants need more support. >> people who are very well-integrated into a new place need to have the best chances of re-integrating into the societies they're returning to. that means we have to open paths to integration, support people in their attempts to fit in and see how many will stay and how many will return voluntarily. and the substantial number who actually do return voluntarily are better able to contribute meaningfully to development in the countries they come from. >> like oumar konate. he was not an illegal immigrant. because he was able to work legally, he was successful. now he's an employer back in mali. michaela: you can find out more about our topic of the week: "refugees' hopes europe's challenge" by logging on to dw.de/refugees. like many places around the glo