kenneth odin was appointed and our support for the office of research in minority health, she contributed quite a bit. we will comment -- i have already commented on the sullivan commission report. what we noted in september of 2004 when the issue this report which was reported by the kellogg foundation was that while we had made progress in increasing diversity in the health profession that progress was far from where we had expected would occur during the 1960's, '70's, and the '80s. in 1950, 2% of american physicians were african- american. by 1990, that was 4.3%. opeone could say that one had double the percentage but we doubled from a small base. african-americans represented some 12% of the population, they still fell short of their representation in the general population. why is that important? colleagues at the university of southern california reported in 1996 that black or hispanic physicians with a three--- were three-five times more likely to establish their practices in the ghetto. they're more likely to have higher populations and non- paying patient populations as well. it