in 2011, there was the professor kenneth warren who declared there was no such thing as african-american literature because we had the first black president in the white house and of course where my mind went with 1989 declaration that this was the end of history and on september 1121 we understood the history was back and had never gone away. >> and i feel like that designates also in your writing. >> one thing to ask is what is the investment in declaring the end, and i do think part of the investment comes from the desire for the new. so, wh why you let is why ... on vectorization to say that this is the end of history, the desire for the new is some is meaningful. kind of a regeneration after the kind that post-apocalyptic films and novels we want to think about what happens after. >> we have to live with the residue, we have to live with the pollution. so you know, you try to revitalize the commitment, but you can't wipe away history in the midst of it but because there is a risk of repeating it because it lives inside of us. all of the ugliness and we still try to do things that ar