i want to start with the first, kerry fitzgerald, your maternal grandmother. how did she figured into the resistance? >> well, i begin with a string of my grandmother because it captures i think some of the themes you just noted that it wanted to explore in the book, that my grandmother as i describe in the book in 1944, early 1944 basically had a rosa parks moment where, this is in virginia, she gets on a bus going from lynchburg, virginia, to danville, her home. she took a seat in the so-called white section of the bus and as it turns out for number of reasons i discussed in the book, she's not arrested like rosa parks for some of the other people. but i think her experience was exemplary that moment in history. one, the circumstances, social context was such that she felt her grievances that had built up over time, that she could challenge the segregated seating, which was lost in virginia at the time. and also although this is something that i think undoubtedly other unsung, and recorded incidents of this sort, it did not lead to a movement at that point,

kerry fitzgerald and irene morgan. i want to start with the first, your maternal grandmother. >> guest: i will begin with the story of my grandmother because it captures some of the things you just noted that i wanted to explore in the book. my grandmother, as i described in the book in early 1944, basically it's a kind of rosa parks moment a bus going from lynchburg to her home and my birthplace. she took a seat in the so-called white section of the bus and as it turned out, she got arrested like rosa parks but i think that her experience was exemplary of that moment in history when one, the circumstances and social context were such that she felt the grievances that were built up over time she could challenge and also although this was something that i think of their own song and unrecorded instances of the sort. it didn't lead to a movement at that point although it had all of the marks of some of the instances that had occurred. but rather, it would be another decade before the kind of social changes and developmen