kevin harrington is a professor of biological cancer therapies at the institute for cancer research and consultant. clinical oncology, said the royal martsen, he explains the aim of immunotherapy. so in contrast to normal treatment with chemotherapy, immunotherapy tries to wake up the patient's own immune system to attack the disease. so rather than trying to poison cancer cells into submission, we actually enlist the help of the patients own immune system to do the heavy lifting and to attack the cancer. i think it's important to set this into context so regrettably, for patients who have head and neck cancer, whose disease comes back off to the original treatment, which is usually either surgery or radiation and chemotherapy, or a combination of all 3 of those treatments. when the disease comes back, the average life expectancy up until now has been about 10 months. that's a miserable figure for these poor patients. what we've been able to show in this study is that in contrast to chemotherapy, the average survival, the average survival has gone up by 3 months. but for a significant n