that is when we fled to khartoum. >> today, khartoum is booming, thanks to the oil industry. that could be over soon, because most of the oil wells are in southern sudan. every returning refugees is a vote for the south to break away from the north. for most northern sudanese, the refugees were infidels and cheap labor. the gulf between the two groups is evident on the shopping street. business owners are almost always northern sudanese. unskilled work is left to the southerners. some are so poor they scuffle over a pile of worn out shoes thrown away by affluent northerners. >> southern sudan has to break away from the north. we need our own country. we have suffered enough humiliation. we need to break away. >> unity our independence? the southern sudanese will decide on january 9. they can also vote in cartoon, as long as they register ahead of time. but most of those offices remain empty. this young woman is an exception. the overwhelming majority of southern sudanese do not trust the north and fair election fraud. they have heard threatened reprisals against those voting

this new strategy required significant changes in behavior by the khartoum go. it demanded verifiable progress of a settlement between the north and south as well as progress in darfur. the president's new approach was great with great skepticism by many of us in congress, in part, because it directed -- it required direct engagement with a sudanese government that committed genocide and other gross violations of human rights, to carry out the new policy, president obama appointed retired air force general gration has special envoy to sudan. gration assembled a team and developed a strategy to realize the president's vision. our first witness today also deserves great credit for his efforts to complete the road map that helped deliver khartoum's final cooperation on the cpa and the referendum. today, we can see the results of the obama administration's hard work. a major goal of the co comprehensive peace agreement has been chiefed. there are many outstanding issuing to resolve before independence is finalized in july. a referendum on the status of the oil produ

a reporter is in the sudanese capital of khartoum. >> they fought for two decades. now, they are voting for independence. >> the north should stay out. i am from the south, and that is final. >> but in the last few days, there have been clashes between seveners and northerners in a key border region. the military for both sides may have been involved. at least 30 people have been killed. those tensions along the border are not the only problems the north and south were going to face. after the referendum, there will be some tough negotiations on legal matters and oil. said in sudan is one of the least developed places on earth, but its natural resources, and in particular its oil, have fueled rapid development, at least in the capital khartoum. they now think it will be the new southern nation's greatest strength. >> a very defendable -- dependable supply of funding from oil revenue. >> almost three-quarters of the oil revenue of sudan is in the south, but the pipeline, infrastructures, refineries, and poured are all in the north korean it is hoped that it will stop

this new strategy required significant changes in behavior by the khartoum go. demanded verifiable progress of a settlement between the north and south as well as progress in darfur. the president's new approach was great with great skepticism by many of us in congress, in part, because it directed -- it required direct engagement with a sudanese government that committed genocide and other gross violations of human rights, to carry out the new policy, president obama appointed retired air force general gration has special envoy to sudan. gration assembled a team and developed a strategy to realize the president's vision. our first witness today also deserves great credit for his efforts to complete the road map that helped deliver khartoum's final cooperation on the cpa and the referendum. today, we can see the results of the obama administration's hard work. a major goal of the co comprehensive peace agreement has been chiefed. there are many outstanding issuing to resolve before independence is finalized in july. a referendum on the status of the oil producin

you know, the history of this government in khartoum has been in power for 20 years now is they've used divide and destroy methods to stay in power, so we figure that at this critical time in history when they're about to lose a third of the country, the southern part of the country, which has most of the oil, that they're going to use some of their tried and true tactics mostly related to gross human rights abuses to undermine the referendum and nullify the results. so we want to make sure that we're watching in the sky and on the ground to deter the government in khartoum from undertaking these kinds of methods to try to undermine this historic moment in sudan. >> george, a couple months ago when you thought of this idea, the biggest risk at that point in time seemed to be the north sending in armies to sweep across the border and seize control of the south's oil fields, but right now the situation is a little different and activists on the ground there are a little bit more worried about these proxy militias crossing the border from north to south or north to south. is there any fear

and little understanding of problems of khartoum. was interested in what you said, and i would like to issue a little further about what is probably the fundamental problems from the perspective of resident bush year. and that is actually the divisions within the ncp. there is a tendency to see the ncp as a uniform block, and i think that's fundamentally wrong. there are serious fault lines. and that islam, as an ideology, is very attractive to many northern sudanese, not only in the nile valley but in the periphery as well in the 1990s. and that the islamists agenda still has many supporters who may well be mobilized by what they see is compromise, a sellout, over the independence of southern sudan. and 200 years of sudanese history. so my question is, what do you see as the strains and the pressures from the islamists within the ncp, and, indeed, without the ncp, those who followed to opposition? how potent a challenge are they? obviously par four, -- the door for, the blue nile are issues. but in the khartoum i would be much more

i went to khartoum but cannot live there safely as a black african. back would put my life in danger. >> he still keeps in touch with his friends in sudan. they are waiting anxiously to hear if he makes it to europe. they may be joining him one day. ♪ >> germany long denied it was a country of immigration. today there is a constant discussion of issu like immigration. it reached a climax recently when a book was published that claims that immigrants, particularly those with the muslim background, or having a detrimental effect on german society. it has always past one group of immigrants by, the vietnamese. they are not getting tired of being the teacher's pet. >> he has close ties to his neighborhood. he left vietnam in the 1980's and came here as a worker like many others from his country. he built his life in germany aroundndis store. he wanted to give his son all the opportunities he never had. he believes that education is the key. >> i have an engineering degree in math and computer sciences. if i wanted to continue my career here, but i could n

the renewed conflict would undoubtedly see shartoum -- khartoum involved. al qaeda would also like to return to sudan, where they're generally unwanted by any party today without even a fish or even covert support by any group. the sudan security service has been largely effective in preventing an al qaeda return to sudan, but a general breakdown in security could create conditions favorable to infiltration and the formation of new al qaeda cells. a renewed conflict in sudan would quickly bring uganda, ethiopia, and egypt as sponsors or even military partners of one side or another. uganda, especially, with an experienced, well-trained, well- equipped military has said it is willing to protect south sudan independence. a new civil war in sudan can also easily spark the first major water war, a costly harbinger of future global struggles over increasingly scarce resources. the south sudan president has warned of a return to violence on a massive scale if the referendum does not go ahead as scheduled. no amount of military measures will convince most southern

and little understanding of problems of khartoum. i was interested in what you said, and i would like to issue a little further about what is probably the fundamental problems from the perspective of resident bush year. and that is actually the divisions within the ncp. there is a tendency to see the ncp as a uniform block, and i think that's fundamentally wrong. there are serious fault lines. and that islam, as an ideology, is very attractive to many northern sudanese, not only in the nile valley but in the periphery as well in the 1990s. and that the islamists agenda still has many supporters who may well be mobilized by what they see is perhaps a compromise, a sellout, over the independence of southern sudan. and 200 years of sudanese history. so my question is, what do you see as the strains and the pressures from the islamists within the ncp, and, indeed, without the ncp, those who followed to opposition? how potent a challenge are they? obviously par four, -- the door for, the blue nile are issues. but in the khartoum i would b

incentives have been very helpful, however, ultimately limited given that khartoum is politically savvy enough to understand it's the u.s. congress and shot the executive that makes many key decisions on the table. the absence of a basic blue prohibit for the post-2011 referendum between the north and south constitutes the uncertainties about the political and economic future of each and risks the referendum as a serious game that sustains affairs and smooths the conduct of the exercise and acceptance of the result. added to this is the deterioration situation this darfur and concerns about insuring a more credible and serious negotiation process ongoing in qatar. insuring stability in the south and improved relations between the north and the south in the post-referendum climate will be critical to softing t darfur problem -- solving the darfur problem. getting the situation right in sudan will be a significant and game-changing moment for the continent, but also for the international community also. we, therefore, welcome this portunity today to enge in a debate with you all here on t

incentives have been very helpful, however, ultimately limited given that khartoum is politically savvy enough to understand it's the u.s. congress and shot the executive that makes many key decisions on the table. the absence of a basic blue prohibit for the post-2011 referendum between the north and south constitutes the uncertainties about the political and economic future of each and risks the referendum as a serious game that sustains affairs and smooths the conduct of the exercise and acceptance of the result. added to this is the deterioration situation this darfur and concerns about insuring a more credible and serious negotiation process ongoing in qatar. insuring stability in the south and improved relations between the north and the south in the post-referendum climate will be critical to softing the darfur problem -- solving the darfur problem. getting the situation right in sudan will be a significant and game-changing moment for the continent, but also for the international community also. we, therefore, welcome this opportunity today to engage in a debate with you all her

two world wars, let this revels in latin america or arabs and persians and the war on terrorism, khartoum'sposters and visual representations use ethics tara tester for trade but that guys as for the villains. and i've got a couple of illustrations in this book. the fuss book i have had that have illustrations. and so, you can't see this of course aware my holding it up? but this is a poster that says, this this is a world war i poster so this is about germany. germans, german americans the largest ethnic rip in the united states at the time of world war i. german-americans. american seating frankfurters, not thinking much about the frankfurter hamburg when they did it. american university system modeled on the german system. germany, the home of culture etc. and this is before hitler. this is just kaiser bill, who was at the nerve, a blunder. so here is an enlistment poster for world war i. it says destroy this mad bruce and the mad -- is in eighth with a drooling ape, black, with a german world war i helmet on with a club in one hand that says culture and a white topless woman in his arms

has khartoum had anything to say about this plebiscite since the polls opened? >> nothing we've been able to hear firsthand. beef her the president of sudan talk conciliatory, in conciliatory terms just a few days ago. he talked today according to president carter who is here as an observer, he reported that president bashir agreed to take on all of the debt that this country has. but there has been so much acrimony between north and south that no one here quite pays any attention to what is declared from the north because there just isn't credibility for that in the south. >> suarez: if the vote goes as overwhelmingly as predicted in favor of secession, is there a counterpoint? is there a group or a leader who will be able to negotiate with the north on behalf of the people of the south? >> well, the giant leader, the nelson mandela, if you will, although i don't want to stretch that comparison too much, john karang was killed in a plane crash in 2005. the current president was his deputy. and he is a somewhat known quantity. he would be the leader of south sud

and little understanding of problems of khartoum. i was interested in what you said, and i would like to issue a little further about what is probably the fundamental problems from the perspective of resident bush year. and that is actually the divisions within the ncp. there is a tendency to see the ncp as a uniform block, and i think that's fundamentally wrong. there are serious fault lines. and that islam, as an ideology, is very attractive to many northern sudanese, not only in the nile valley but in the periphery as well in the 1990s. and that the islamists agenda still has many supporters who may well be mobilized by what they see is perhaps a compromise, a sellout, over the independence of southern sudan. and 200 years of sudanese history. so my question is, what do you see as the strains and the pressures from the islamists within the ncp, and, indeed, without the ncp, those who followed to opposition? how potent a challenge are they? obviously par four, -- the door for, the blue nile are issues. but in the khartoum i would b

and little understanding of problems of khartoum. i was interested in what you said, and i would like to issue a little further about what is probably the fundamental proems from the perspective of resident bush year. and that is actually the divisions within the ncp. there is a tendency to see the ncp as a uniform block, and i think thas fundamentally wrong. there are serious fault lines. and that islam, as an ideology, is very attractive to many northern sudanese, not only in the nile valley but in the periphery as well in the 1990s. and that the islamists agenda still has many supporters who may well be mobilized by what they see is perhaps a compromise, a sellout, over the independence of southern sudan. and 200 years of sudanese history. so my question is, what do you see as the strains and the pressures from the islamists within the nc, and, indeed, without the ncp, those who followeto opposition? how potent a challenge are they? obviously par four, -- the door for, the blue nile are issues. but in the khartoum i would be much

of the american incentives, incentives that were offered to sudan, to khartoum specifically asked forhis removal on the list of states sponsoring terrorism and all the other incentives, the diplomatic relations? do you have a timeline for these incentives? >> yes, we do, and that is been communicated to the government. i think the first step would be on completion of the referendum, and the acceptance of the results that united states began the process of examining removal from a state-sponsored terrorist and that involves certain reviews and certain consultations with congress. but that would begin after acceptance of the referendum result. that would be the first step. the other steps involving normalization and finalizing that would all, we expect around july as the other elements of the cpa are fully achieved, agreeing on both referendum arrangements, resolving the transfer issue, et cetera. so one of the big process is to start right after acceptance of the referendum results, but specific as steps beyond that probably around more towards july. >> if i could just add to underscor

he was currently in khartoum. he will meet with the southern sudan referendum commission and united nations officials. he will observe the opening for the southern sudan referendum. he will travel to dark for with the administration's newly appointed ambassador to dark for. -- to darfur. the u.s. plan to contribute $190 million from bonds authorized to the government of pakistan's citizens damage compensation fund. this commitment is part of the pipe into billion dollars recovery -- parts of the $500 million for recovery. he also urged pakistan to complete the mechanisms agreed to in order to enable expeditious release of boehner funds to the citizens damaged compensation fund. we will have a more formal announcement on this later. the secretary mentioned this early today. a fourth round of u.s.-cuba migration talks are scheduled for january 12, 2011. the u.s. will use the migration talks as an important opportunity to discuss policies and procedures that promote legal and orderly migration. there is a commitment

authorities will continue their under water search of the khartoum used in the adoption of giuliani lastre of a car right there, investigators suspend the search on saturday, will last week authorities received a tip from a farmer who said that he sought a cost of matching the description drive into the canal. so this is why they're focused on the canal. 27 year-old jose rodriguez suspected of kidnapping his ex- girlfriend son six days ago. we have a look and sound as they were the amber alert sides are still lead. and is no longer as a white and roller. the sides are only being shown it's sad to say. we will be back with more in a minute 10:41 a.m. is the time. live look at the san mateo bridge. a full look at your commute and your forecaster in the head. the we have backend 10:44 a.m., a developing story in russia 35 people killed hundred and 75 wounded as explosion rocks where the city's biggest airports. moments after the blast this is video. there is no immediate word on the cause, they do have the least an inkling that this possibly was a terrorist act. authorities have stopped all

they are significant arms suppliers to the genocidal regime in khartoum, sudan. do we really want china to be our banker? all these realities must prompt some soul searching on the part of our nation's leadership. almost five years ago, during the last republican majority, i came to the floor of the house proposing an independent, bipartisan commission to address unsustainable federal spending. it would put everything on the table, entitlements, all of the spending and tax policies. the safe commission, short for securing america's future economy, would operate in a transparent way. holding public meetings across the country to hear from the american people and give them a vested interest in the outcome. further it would require congress to vote on its recommendations. i reintroduced this legislation with congressman jim cooper in the 110th and 11th congresses. senator conrad and gregg introduced legislation that became the blueprint for the simpson bowles commission. i give credit to the deficit commission. i certainly didn't agree with every part of its report,