it was not important to khrushchev. and he certainly didn't want to talk about arms control very much because it was an arcane subject. at the end of the first day of the meeting, he said to kennedy, we have not talked about berlin. we have to talk about berlin. i'm going to sign a peace treaty. i'm going to tell you what i'm going to do. kennedy nodded. they had dinner together. the next day they met again. and started talking about laos again. khrushchev got more and more impatient and they finally got to berlin only when there was an hour left. that was all at the end of the second day. and by then khrushchev was beside himself. he threatened and said they were going to sign a peace treaty. he said allied rights would vanish. he would have to deal with the gdr and recognize this was going to be the new world. kennedy reacted rather firmly, he said, look, you've got to recognize here we're not talking about laos. this is berlin. this is a different kind of subject so we have to be very careful and we have to manage ou

but it was obvious there was something in khrushchev's mind. he also called the german ambassador and said to him the same thing, essentially. we are going to solve the berlin problem. he went back in a message saying, i don't know what this means, but we have to take it very serious. a foreign minister in the meeting with kennedy which became famous because kennedy knew about the missiles but didn't tell the minister. told kennedy, that khrushchev was planning to go to the united nations that october and would hope at that point to meet with kennedy and settle the berlin problem. i have always felt this may be a bit of what they call special interest that perhaps the missiles in cuba had as one of their missions, they had a lot of missions, but as one of their missions to begin putting pressure on kennedy very directly about berlin. that and the soviet forces on the west german border to tell others to shut up this time and perhaps to impress de gaulle would be the kinds of things which khrushchev would do to exert pressure on the allies to ge

soviets didn't count on. [ speaking foreign language ] [ applause ] in the 1950s, in the 1950s, khrushchevredicted, we will bury you. but in the west today, we see a free world that has achieved a level of prosperity and well-being unprecedented in all human history. in the communist world, we see failure, technological backward ngs, declining standards of health. and now, now, the soviets themselves may, in a limited way, be coming to understand the importance of freedom. we hear much from moscow about a new policy of reform and openness. some political prisoners have been released. certain foreign news broadcasts are no longer being jammed. some economic enterprises have been permitted to operate with greater freedom from state control. are these the beginnings of profound changes in the soviet state, or are they token gestures intended to raise false hopes in the west or to strengthen the soviet system without changing it? we welcome change and openness. for we believe that freedom and security go together. that the advance of human liberty, the advance of human liberty can only strengt

two days later, save leader khrushchev gleefully announced that the pilot was alive and was being inferigated the first time in american history that a president was caught lying. >> i realize i have committed a grave crime and i realize i must be punished for it purpose. >> reporter: powers spent 21 months in a so prison and then came home to a chorus of questions about his conduct. as a kid growing up all gary jr. wanted to know was how high was his father flying. >> after a few days questioning him he said, "gary, i wasn't flying high enough and now go to bed." >> reporter: he was killed in a helicopter crash and the questions are still unanswered. oned from the air force chief of staff finally delivered the answer. >> today it is my honor to posthumously award captain francis gary powers the silver star for his action and his loyalty. >> it was presented to francis gary powers iii, perhaps the only generation of his generation who knows u2 is a spy plane not just a rock band. now he knows one more thing-- his granddad was a hero. david martin, cbs news, the pentagon. >> axelrod: and a rem

sao days later, sviet leader khrushchev gleefully announced that the pilot was alive and was the pilote and being interrogated. >> it is the first time in american history a president had been caught lying to the american public. >> reporter: powers was put on trial and to avoid the death sentence made this confession-- >> i realize i've committed a grave crime and i realize i must be punished for it. >> powers spent 21 months in a so prison and came home to a chorus of questions about his conduct. as a kid growing up, all gary jr. wanted to know was how high was >> after a few days questioning him he said, "gary, i wasn't flying high enough and now go to uest" >> reporter: he was killed in a 1977 and buried at arlington national cemetery, the question still unanswered. oned from, the air force chief of staff finally delivered the answer. >> today, it is my honor to posthumously award captain gary powers the silver star for his heroic action and his loyalty. >> reporter: silver star was presented to francis gary powers iii. perhaps the only member of his generation who knows u2 as a sp