khrushchev refuses. >> there was no waking or sleeping and i just don't know which day was which.and night. >> she really knew what was going on. she was a sounding board. and they were really growing closer together through this trauma. >> as the days go by, the pressure mounts on kennedy to invade cuba, an act that would result in war. on the 13th day, kennedy and khrushchev finally break the deadlock. >> i have today been informed by chairman khrushchev that all weapons will be withdrawn in 30 days. >> nuclear war averted, kennedy presents his closest advisers with tiffany's silver calendars marked with the 13 crucial days. he also gives one to jackie. >> and finally, when it was over, he thought of giving that calendar to every member. i was just surprised that i had one. >> it was elevating her as someone he looks upon with as much respect he did his own brother, who was by his side during that 13 days. that gift was incredibly important to her, and she treasured it all her life. >> yesterday, a shaft of light cast into the darkness. negotiations were concluded in moscow to b

. >> host: the meeting of khrushchev, i don't think many people know about this. about distinctions during the cold war, capitalism versus socialism or communism. >> guest: he says in the speech at the commonwealth club it is really about openness, democracy versus authoritarianism and it is about a free and open society as opposed to a closed secretive society and i thought that was intriguing. >> host: a lot of times to fight the enemy that is perceived to become like the enemy closing off and becoming secretive, - >> guest: if i could add something about this picture. in 1959, even though they are smiling the united states has been thrown into the berlin ultimatum, khrushchev is threatening the united states. over berlin, turned into war, there would be no way to defend berlin with conventional weapons so might have turned nuclear. today we have those kind of standoffs, eisenhower invited khrushchev to come to the united states, and khrushchev was here for ten days, during that time the soviet premier was subjected to eisenhower's grandchildren as a way to soft

in 1955, he meets nikita khrushchev. khrushchev comes to the united states. i enjoyed writing about that visit, which is full of comedy. khrushchev coming to washington and going all across the country, he goes to hollywood. making the movie "can-can" an international incident because it is so risque. he eats hot dogs goes to a corn field. what's happening here is the americans are domesticating khrushchev, making him less scary, making him appear to be normal and human. eisenhower embraced that. he wanted to diffuse the cold war. so you get the results that we avoid a major conflict, we avoid troops overseas in the eisenhower period. yes, there's the covert operations. but also, final point, eisenhower does this without destroying the economic balance of the country. during the eisenhower period, he is able to balance three budgets. he comes close on the others. he does spend significant sums on the military, but not at the expense of blowing up the federal budget like, for example, ronald reagan would do. so if i told you that i could get you a president th

the president went on to vienna to meet soviet premier khrushchev.orted to the american people. pres. kennedy: mr. khrushchev and i had a full and frank discussion of the interviews on the issues that divide the two countries. i can tell you now it was a very sober two days. there was no discourtesy, no loss of tempers, no threats or ultimatums by other side. no advantage or concession was either gained or given. >> final stop on the kennedys euro trip was london. [applause] [cheers] >> the citizens there welcomed the new president with special enthusiasm for he had lived there as a boy when his father was ambassador to england. ♪ during the summer, hundreds of exchange students from around the world went to washington to see the president. impressed with their numbers and various nationalities, he asked them to identify themselves. pres. kennedy: i wonder if we can find out where you all come from. could we have everybody hold up their hand who comes from europe. europe? [cheers] pres. kennedy: and then if we could have everybody who comes from lati

khrushchev was here for 10 days, 10 days.g that time the soviet premiere was subjected to eisenhower's grandchildren as a way to toughen him up. and all i can say is the future the world hung in the balance as to whether or not we would a well-behaved that afternoon. we apparently managed to save the world for the first and last time. i should make jokes about this. it was a very serious time and after the trip the soviets had the ultimatum with an agreement to talk about it in paris. >> we will talk about it. there's this incident but also how much information president eisenhower had about what the russians had done what they had been he knew everybody was lying about the digital gap in everything driving the cold war. was perfectly clear that they did not have a force that we need to worry about at that time when it was going on. they have the information. maybe say a little bit about what happened. >> sputnik is tied up in this because we just had the dawn of the space age during his administration and there were no rules

eisenhower had khrushchev to camp david.isenhower was the first american president to make use of helicopters for presidential travel. he spontaneously, the soviets did not want khrushchev on the helicopter, so i asked him and said can i give you a tour of washington? they did a tour around washington and later they went camp david and enjoyed a great time up there khrushchev liked that american-made helicopter so much, he talked to eisenhower and let him by two. he took them back with him to the soviet union. another great story was with nixon, he had british nab up to camp david. but he said he didn't know much about this camp david plays and was a little suspicious of it but he went anyway. but the party guy, richard nixon, he had the typical navy blue blazer for bereschnev, for when he got there, with the presidential seal. he also at the keys to this brandbbbe÷ new, navy blue, linkg continental car. it turns out bereschnev like cars. so he told nixon because in the passenger seat, and bereschnev got behind the wheel, i'

he asked why i thought khrushchev the soviet leader, was so eager for a summit meeting.i said that i felt that khrushchev's position had been weakened and explained why i thought that was the case. i thought there was a real sense of urgency in moscow about achieving agreement on disarmament and that this stemmed largely from concern over nuclear proliferation, particularly from china. khrushchev still hoped from his own personality and the use of the powers of persuasion he could recoup his political fortunes. moving ahead here to march 21, 1977. 1 1977. now, this shows an unhappy kennan, and i think it's appropriate for what i'm going to be reading. george f. kennan was a pioneering environmentalist. he cared a lot about the environment from the 1930s on, his diary is filled with many laments about pollution. that was something he was very very concerned with, and he believed it quite strongly as you'll see in this entry and in another one that i'll read in a few minutes. he wrote on march 21st, 1977, modern, urban industrial man is giving to the raping of anything and

but nikita khrushchev said, that's not how we're going to you.t we'll defeat you internally. and i would assume if they're to defeat us, it's because we don't understand what marxism is. one of the things that concerned black lives matter. the founders made no qualms marxist. we are a nd to drive home on their website, which i think they took down, we disrupt the western family.ed i recently ran into a woman in my district who complained that were driven into debt because her and her husband orked hard, had a good middle-class family, and she felt other parents who did not did not form nuclear families were given getting e as far as university grants. of course, they're giving as health as far care as well. i think we should be concerned when we have a group almost far as i can see nobody has publicly disassociated themselves from. bones about the marxists.they're i'm concerned when i see one of my colleagues from california relationship of some was with someone who pparently working for marxist, communist china. it's why i'm scared when i see our ayor of new york, greatest c

success and nikita khrushchev was eager to seek peaceful coexistence with america and in 1955 he also decided that the soviet union should rejoin the w 8 that created a moment always in world history which well the show to step onto that stage and it seized the opportunity with one of its greatest accomplishments of not its greatest accomplishment which was the campaign to eradicate smallpox worldwide. well relations between the 2 superpowers remain tense in berlin and cuba inside the w.h.o. they were hand in hand my 1st international activity was working with the smallpox eradication for 2 years during that program i worked in india side by side with people from the u.s.s.r. from many different countries around the world and we all work together technically to accomplish a common goal well the politics continued to inflame international ideas and international views the technical people worked perfectly together and eradicated to disease who was causing 2700000 deaths in 1967. at the end of the $970.00 s. the world health organization and now it's the eradication of smallpox as i am

ideologies a capitalist designed business a state run health care system stunning success and nikita khrushchev was eager to seek peaceful coexistence with america and in 1955 he also decided that the soviet union should rejoin the w. h. that created a moment and always has in world history which will. go to step out of that stage and it sees that opportunity with one of its greatest accomplishments or not its greatest the conference which was the campaign to eradicate smallpox world war 2. well the relations between the 2 superpowers remain tense in berlin and cuba inside the w.h.o. they were tanned in hand my 1st international activity was working with the smallpox eradication for 2 years during their program i worked in india side by side with people from u.s.s.r. from many different countries around the world and we all work together technically to accomplish a common goal well the politics continued to inflame international i've years and international views the technical people worked perfectly together and eradicated to disease it was causing. point $7000000000.00 in 1967. at the end of

kennedy is seeking a political solution, he shows capacity to look at things from khrushchev's perspective which is really important and that is an element of his leadership style. >> this question, why did you end in 56? are you going to get the late 50s and his entire presidency into volume 2? or worried about the next book? >> whoever posed it, that one will be seared in -- i am committed to doing this. there is a lot that happens. extraordinarily - it is remarkable and it means so much in the early volume, he is himself a huge figure in the book and several others. the subtext of your question is a good one. got to deal with the amazing campaign which begins in 57. the secret of jack kennedy's success at all levels of politics, he starts earlier than the competition, and earlier, speaking before tiny audiences on airport tarmac's for 8 people, 12 people and ultimately culminates, the primary battling 60 and a race against nixon and we haven't gotten to the present. i am helped by the fact, terrible thing to say, it all ends in november of 1963 and i don't -- my present plan, to get dee

quip aboute a famous that i think to khrushchev. they ended up gifting jackie a from one of the soviet dogs that went into space and gave a gift of the dog. the number of countries she went to. i marked them down here. it was not light. she just kept traveling and traveling and traveling abroad and became our great ambassador. timeas in india for a long with the ambassador, and wherever she went she got rave reviews. david: what was the famous line john kennedy gave in paris and what did she do to persuade the french to loan the mona lisa to the national gallery of art's? waslas: all she had to do ask. she was that popular in france. jack kennedy said everybody wants to see my wife. i am just an appendage. nobody even cares about me. they all care about her. there is no exaggerating how impressed the french were that finishingbeautiful school french, perfect french and that she had to read all of the french masterpieces, the literature i knew everything about french art. frankline, only ben had equaled that role in american history

nikita khrushchev basically just went wild over her and ended up gifting jackie a little puppy, a puppy from one of the soviet dogs that went into space and gave that to her as a gift. the number of countries she went to, i had marked them down here but i don't want to read them all off, it wasn't just flights light. she just kept traveling and traveling and traveling abroad and became our great ambassador. she was in india for a long time with john kenneth galbraith, the ambassador, and wherever she went she got rave reviews. david: what was the famous line that john kennedy gave in paris and what did she do to persuade the french to lend the mona lisa to the national gallery of art? dr. brinkley: all she had to do was ask to get the mona lisa. she was that popular in france, but jack kennedy said, everybody wants to see my wife, i'm just an appendage. nobody even cares about me. they all care about her. there is no exaggerating how impressed the french in particular, and charles de were that she spoke you to full finishing school french, perfect french, and she had read all of the fre

khrushchev wouldn't know a b flat if he heard one. few weeks later millions had the chance to enjoy the trip when it was shown on cbs television as part of a ford motor company sponsored documentary. it is an interesting cold war document and the only way that you can see is it in the archives. it does capture a powerful cold war episode and i discuss it at length in the book. over many decades, classical music and those who performed, composed, listened to and wrote about it were drawn into and swept up by the whirlwind of america's global challenges. the music itself did not help the country overcome those challenges. i'm not claiming that it did. what it did though is it offered americans a way to reflect upon the world. countless people over many decades fixed their ears and eyes on the activities of classical musicians, on the work of composers and on the labors of hiding musical institutions like opera companies and great symphony orchestras. the music and work helped the nation grapple with the meaning of patriotism, of loyalty

ideologies a capitalist designed business a state run health care system stunning success and nikita khrushchev was eager to seek peaceful coexistence with america and in 1955 he also decided that the soviet union should rejoin the w 8 that created a moment and always has in world history which will allow the show to step out of that stage and seize that opportunity with one of its grace the confluence of not it's raised the culture in which was the campaign to eradicate smallpox worldwide. well relations between the 2 superpowers remain tense in berlin and cuba inside the w.h.o. they were tanned in hand my 1st international activity was working with the smallpox eradication for 2 years during their program i worked in india side by side with people from the u.s.s.r. from many different countries around the world and we all work together technically to accomplish a common goal well the politics continued to inflame international ideas . and international views the tactical people worked perfectly together and eradicated you disease who was causing 2700000 deaths in 1967. at the end of the $970.

we came to war, and how much subjective judgment was involved in the kennedy decisions and the khrushchev decisions to avoid war. and second, how little warning time we had. back in those days there was more warning and decision time for leaders than there is now, because the airplanes flew much lower, and they had fail-safe -- you could call them back, but today we have missiles that are much faster. so the decision time for our leaders today, if people don't think about it, much shorter both for the russian president as well as the u.s. president. that's a problem that i still work on and am concerned about, because having very little decision time and a moment of great crisis is extremely dangerous for the world. that's, to me, one of the prime goals we should have today, which is to give both u.s. and russian leaders more time so that we do not move into a nuclear war by blunder. a lot of lessons came out of that trip in 1962, and it really did affect an awful lot of what i did in the armed services committee and still do today in terms of working on reducing nuclear risk. >> was that

eats hot dogs goes to a corn field, and what's happening here is the americans are domesticating khrushchev, making him less scary, making him appear to be normal and human. eisenhower embraced that. he wanted to diffuse the cold war. you get the results that we avoid a major conflict. we avoid troops overseas. yes, there's the covert operations but also final point, eisenhower does this without destroying the economic balance of the country. during the eisenhower period he is able to balance three budgets. he comes close on the others. he does spend significant sums on the military but not at the intense of blowing up the federal budget, which, for example, ronald reagan would do. if i told you you could get a president that gave you eight years apiece, had 70% approval ratings, would pass progressive legislation on issues like civil rights, and housing and health and education, infrastructure, build super highways, and would somehow manage to get us out of an unpopular war, all while balancing the budget, you know, i think i have just described a political unicorn. that is the legacy of e

he shows enough capacity to look at things from khrushchev's perspective which is really important, andnt of his leadership style, too. >> this question is, why did you end in '56? are you really going to be able to get all of the late 50s, the the election and the president presidency. >> i'll remember that question. whoever posed it, that one will be seared in my memory. i am committed to doing this. i think i can do it. it's seven years of his life, and of course, so much happens in those seven years. but the first volume, there's a lot also that happens. it's an extraordinarily varied life he leads which helps me as a biographer. the story is remarkable and so much in the early volume also on his father. he is himself a huge figure in the book and self -- several others about the subtext of your question is a good one. have to deal with the amazing campaign, which begins in '57, a secretive jack kennedy's success at all levels of politicses he starts earlier than the competition and works harder than the competition so i have to -- earlier volume dealing with live in around the coun

perspective which i think is really important, and that's an element of his leadership style -- khrushchev. >> this question is why did you and in 56? are you really going to be able to get all of the late 50s, in 1960 election and his entire presidency in the volume to? that is a worried reader about your next book. >> i am going to remember that question. whoever post it, that when will be seared in my memory. no, i'm committed to doing this. i think i can do it. it's seven years of his life and, of course, so much happens in the seven years but the first volume, there's a lot also that happens. it's an extraordinarily varied life that he leads which helps me as a biography. the story is remarkable and are so much in early volume also on his father. he himself is a huge figure in the book and several others. but i think the subtext of the question is a a good one. i have got to deal with the amazing campaign which really begins by the way in 57, the secret to jack kennedy's success at all levels of politics is he starts earlier than the competition and he works harder than the competitio

[applause] narrator: a long roar of approval follows ike's challenge to khrushchev.ause] then, the convention gets down to the task of nominating the standardbearer. there is little suspense, save 10 votes cast for arizona senator goldwater. it is all nixon. the world call vote is 1321 for the vice president. the move to make the nomination of nixon unanimous comes from the arizona delegation, as announced by the permanent chairman, the congressman from indiana. >> vice president richard m. nixon has unanimously been nominated by the republican party for the office of president of the united states. [applause] narrator: the party spelled out unity for richard milhouse nixon, the 47-year-old californian, vice president for the past seven and a half years. [applause] later, richard nixon chooses as his vice presidential running mate, henry cabot lodge, shown chicago bound to accept the party's mende. ambassador lodge was asked -- >> how do you feel about the sound of the nixon-lodge ticket. >> i'm very optimistic. it will be an exciting campaign, i think it will be exc