he's not out to sit down and have coffee with the klan. he said he is out to destroy the klan.. i'm out to destroy the ideology that they may practise, but i don't want to destroy the person. at the beginning of this interview, isaid, you know, once we talked about what you've done, this remarkable reaching out, this experiment that you've undertaken, we'd judge it on its results. the result right now in america, according to the southern poverty law center, is that the number of racist groups is on the rise. the kkk is definitely in decline, but we see so many other groups. some of them were involved on the assault on the capitol onjanuary 6th of this year, groups that are committed to a white supremacist racist ideology. they, many of them, fell into support for donald trump, and we see their numbers on the rise. we see, for example, a survey from the splc in august 2020 revealing that 29% of americans say that they personally know someone who believes white people are of a superior race. all of your efforts to reach out, to engage dialogue, to change people's minds, in 2021

he was not just a lawyer for the klan. he was a leader in the klan. he was actually indicted in the vernon damar firebombing at one point, okay? so billy roy pitts testified about this planning meeting that took place prior to the attack on vernon damar and his family. and buckley asked him about it. it's like, now, mr. pitts, who all was at that planning meeting? pitts is like, let's see. i was there, sam bowers was there, devers nicks. well, you were there. and buckley's like, uh, uh, objection, your honor. it's the only trial i ever covered where the witness implicated the defense lawyer himself. not surprisingly, sam bowers was convicted, august 21, 1998. but the thing is, you know, the hate that caused this, right, if we're really honest in this country, it's never really gone away. it wasn't just a few years ago, right, that a young man walked into this church in charleston and killed these nine beautiful people. and it wasn't that long ago either down in charlottesville, right, that we had happen what we had happen. not that far from here. it's

he was not just a lawyer for the klan, he was a leader in the klan. he was indicted in fire bomb at one point. billy roy testified. buckley asked him about it. it's like, now mr. pitts, who all was at that planning meeting. he's like, let's see. i was there. sam bowers was there. you were there. buckley's like, objection, your honor. i've covered a lot of trials in my life. this is the only trial where will the witness implicated the defense lawyer. not surprisingly sam bowers was convicted august 21st, 1998. the thing is the hate that caused this, right, if we're really honest in this country, it's never gone away. it wasn't that just a few years ago, right, that a young man walked into this church in charleston and killed these nine beautiful people. and it wasn't that long ago, either, down in charlottesville, right, that we had happened what we had happen not that far from here. it's easy to think it's not that easy to happen around here, right? but myself i have had -- i have had my share of, you know, death threats and things like that, people s

she's the creative designer for the klan label under the house of the federal. and she also happens to be my daughter. my 1st daughter. welcome about 18. i'm eager to hear about what transpired. lewis. good, you know several ruth. the fact that we have an opportunity to establish a platform or what it is pretty much to premier the spoke platform for managed. where in the u. k. you here have a real easy yourself top draw. it's not just getting a nigerian brand on sub row. it's getting the 1st female brad on time to be they are prepared to actually have dealer from deal last row on the window. so that's, that's a nice one. take the extra things for the class to several rows prepared to look at both. i can see that none is reached when you should be able to buy off the rock with jealousy, but the book she does with keith is very detailed and very glamorous. the few things i, i proud when i was with what jolla has done over the years in terms of design, klan came in breaking down that design and making those designs available in a much more diffused form. this means

there is an old federal statute the ku klux klan act designed to address this situation.don't have to be wearing a disguise or robe, what have you, or a hood for this kind of crime. if you use, as you said, force, intimidation, threat to stop an officer from conducting of the united states from conducting their job, because of who they are or to do it while they are trying to carry out their jobs, then that is a violation of federal law. more so, you can't throw your hands up and saying you didn't have anything to do with it. if you know what's about to happen, you see it happening and you don't do anything to stop it, that's a crime as well. those are the statutes we are using under federal law to file this lawsuit. >> yeah, the ku klux klan act which is from the reconstruction era when the klan was using violence, im tim dags in the south, as you allege in the lawsuit defendants, mean the folks you are suing, violated the ku klux klan act which was declined to prevent the kinds of politically and racially motivated violence they caused and committed on january 6th. what

that are the two main statues we are using. >> the ku klux klan act, which is from the reconstructionn the klan was using violence, intimidation and terrorism to disrupt democracy in the south. as you allege in the lawsuit. what's the burden you have to show here about their involvement? >> what we have to show is that there was actually a conspiracy among these individuals. and i think the paper trail shows that, a lot of this is available in the public to domain because of great reporting by you and your colleagues. and we also conducted a very thorough investigation and demonstrated throughout the complaint how all of this aligns. it aligns through the tweets from trump and the like. it aligns from the public statements from these individuals leading up to the event of january six, the insurrection. but also before that as well. all of this falls in line. what they were common, they may not have been in the same meeting huddling together. but they are all related and all of a piece. >> i want to play for you some of the emotional testimony from one of the officers who was there, ha

you think that back then the ku klux klan act was passed in order to prevent groups like the klan fromouth, which at that time was to have a multi racial democracy. there are echoes of that in terms of what happened on january 6th, where there was an attack on the vote and particularly the attack on the vote of people of color. and president trump and all the people that he conspired with, groups like the proud boys, they were trying to understand mine that vote. >> the house committee is debating a massive trove of documents related to january 6th. it includes documents that include trump family members. the former president plans to invoke measures to block that from happening. how can that tie into your lawsuit? >> obviously to the extent that there are documents that come out of the committee subpoenas and information that comes out of the committee subpoenas we'll learn more to the degree of coordination going on between the president and between all of these other groups with respect to causing the january 6th insurrection. >> and, john, do you expect to get your hands on those d

the new ku klux klan was reborn in 1915 in still mountain, georgia. it was inspired by d.w. griffith's first blockbuster movie, "birth of a nation." this clan is much more inclusive. it no longer just hates african-americans. it also now hates jews, catholics and immigrants. over the 1920s it will grow in strength and by the middle of the 1920s it claims to have 4 million members. this is no longer a southern organization. in fact, the majority of new klan membership, the preponderance of their strength is actually in the midwest. this picture is taken in muncie, indiana in 1922. and the klan is also reportraying themselves as an antiradical organization and they're attracting a lot of middle class people who are afraid of some of the social changes that are now swirling around the united states. social changes like these. now, we don't have time to talk about the red summer of 1919 and some of the deep racial violence that occurs. but i want to focus on this. this is the problem that doesn't end. in fact, between 1900 and 1917, over 12,000 african-americans are lynched. now

the klan is much more inclusive! it no longer just eight african americans, it also now hates jews, catholics, and immigrants. but over the 1920s, it's going to grow in strength. in fact, by the middle of the 1920s, it claims to have 4 million members, and this is no longer a southern organization. in fact, the majority of new clan membership, the preponderance of their strength, is actually in the midwest. this picture is taken in monsey, indiana, in 1942. and the klan is also re-portraying themselves as an anti radical organization. at their attracting a lot of middle class or people who are afraid of some of the social changes that are not swirling around the united states. social changes like these. now, we don't have time to talk about the summer of 1919, and some of the deep racial violence that occurs, but i want to focus on this. this is the problem that doesn't and. in fact, between 1900 and 1917, over 12,000 african americans are lynched. now, there's some big changes that occur in the african american comm

so if learn being the true bar barrism of american slavery, or the racist violence of the klan makes students uncomfortable, it's no longer required in the lone star statement but here's the thing about history. it should make you uncomfortable. many of the same founding fathers who wrote soaring words about liberty and justice for all owned human beings, trading, beating, and working them like cattle. being a patriot is knowing all of that and still believing in the promise of this country, that we can do better than our ancestors. luckily, most americans know that. even in ruby red, iowa, for instance. most people oppose the new law banning discussions of systemic racism and sexism in schools. but we can't get complacent. having public opinion on our side is not enough, because the racist cowards that would fire teachers and ban certain books are accurately describing the history of racism and bigotry in this country are already showing up at school board meetings. and they are loud. so we have to be louder. we have to rise up together and show up to those same meetings, demanding

in terms of design, klan came in breaking down that design and making those designs available in a much more diffused form. this means that we can have the advantage of commercializing whilst and the same time reaping the one of our dis for clothing. we want to make more scars, so that people can tie this, say african african tend to interrupt. and it's also a way of just injecting but of color into your outfit. it's exciting the working with focus. you always have all these crazy idea then the come through in the cruise, but what i tried to do this, so the rain her in so that we can rain is set in target market because that's really all this is about we haven't, we actually sat down to, to think about it like wow, what does she think about me as how walking park avenue. yeah. but the thing is that we complement each other so well. she and her fist as have brief new life into the business because there is going to be longevity the job have to come in and revise fields and turn things around that. oh. ringback okay, so dawn, she is a beautiful don't you think it is a little bit high? i f

the klan who's saying this to his son who is trying out his father's customs. there but have to, ask bill was an extremely popular guy as the representation of the champion of the infantry, the common man in world war ii. but how do people react to the new bill? certainly, they had -- not everyone appreciates the new political cartoons. because of the nature of a political perfume, some people are supposed to say right on, and others are supposed to spit their coffee out against the morning paper. so i'm wondering how the new bill was accepted by his legion of fans from the old career? >> he got a lot of hate mail. a lot of hate mail. and worse than that, he got newspapers that were refusing to print his cartoons! he got a syndicate we who started censoring his cartoons. changing captions, erasing images from the cartoons. to tone down the political message. it was one -- it was a real professional crisis. but bill had a disagreeable personality, and i mean that in a neutral way. he felt comfortable disagreeing a lot with conventional wisdom and popular pinion.

the media must be terrified, for they are treating a conservative black man like is in the ku klux klan face of white supremacy. of course that only makes sense if you are a stupid jackass. elder -- the article was the usual trash talking session which when black activists on the left and black activists on the far, far left. to the liberal media, that's called covering both sides. two normal people, it means the left is boobs, there's that word, running ella forney into the ground. gavin newsom is hanging on by one hair gel slipped hand. judging by the new probe into his finances and estate in amida coming after him with everything they can dig up. just take a look at this clip from cnn's puckered fish or jim acosta. >> larry elder has made a number of disparaging remarks about women. what you listen to this, let me ask about this on the other side. >> when you look at all these women who have marched from something like 2 million women, donald trump has probably gotten more obese women off the couch and in the streets working out then michelle obama did in eight years. >> that's not e

horde of young white supremacists, including neo-nazis, right wing militias and members of the ku klux klan descended on charlottesville, virginia, for an event they called unite the right. they marched with torches chanting "jews will not replace us" as they paraded through the campus of the university of virginia. it was eerily reminiscent of the torch light rallies held at nuremberg during the third reich. the following day they carried confederate flags and symbols of nazi genocide as they vowed to protect the statue of a treasonous confederate general and openly embraced donald trump as one of their own. in fact just months earlier, an organizer of the unite the right shouted hail trump, hail our people, and was greeted with nazi salutes and applause add a pro trump campaign rally. another organizer was a member of the proud boys which would later lead the siege of the u.s. capitol on january 6th. in other words, charlottesville, four years ago tonight, was a tinder box just waiting to ignite. inevitably, it did. in fact we witnessed some of the violence live on this very network when

pettis the storied confederate general the ku klux klan in man for whom so much the bridge is named. i am not an outsider who makes these demands. i am a great comment great-granddaughter. as much about the south about my teaching and writing here. there is however a peculiar model of southern pride and american pride. it must now at long last be reckoned with is not of ignorant pride in this a pride that says our history is rich. our causes are justified. our ancestors lie beyond reproach. that's greatness if you will. i wish again for a certain kind of american memory. a monument of modern memory. here's the thing our ancestors don't deserve your unconditional pride. they earn that pride by any decent person's reckoning. by virtue of my very existence to be bad actors. there are those that dismiss the hardships of their past. imagine a world of live and let honor they deny plantation raped or explain it away. it's a degree of frequency with which it occurred. to those people it is my privilege to say i am proof when what ever else i might have been and i believed itself to be was a

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always this real of politics and prejudice in his life and in the book it showed again of the ku klux klan in the 1920s, the great plains is the name for it and iowa was one of the states included. he was surrounded by that. they believe that communism is the only that will end world oppression. i assume they didn't believe anymore that capitalism was the key. it's like i said in my talk that i thought was brilliant that it presented a tug-of-war between the american dream and the worker's paradise but why he worked on the red army intelligence and whether or not he knew what they were doing. if i could interview george, and we can't have him on the show but it would have been one of the questions i would have asked him of course, did he still believe in those ideals when he went into his red army military training to be a spy returning to his nation of birth and betrayal what was the psychological reasoning and how did he make sense of it. the man that had been described to him were not as such he loved baseball. how did he mix this all together in his head, do you have any thoughts? >> n

that's one of the things i learned, had a very active klu klux klan chapter. this is some of the things i was unearthing trying to study labor and civil rights. it was connected to this deeper history of racial segregation and also racial integration. so it was the flagship organization to promote racial integration in the housing market in bakersfield. they were also some of the biggest supporters of chavez and the farm workers union. you have this urban based movement that had lawyers, people who had some disposable income, again, channelling support to, at that time, the national farm workers association, which would later be renamed the ufw. a couple other points i want to share with you, just to get you thinking about this place before we shift to doing other things. i mentioned to you in a previous lecture when we talked about the oakky. lang was a famous photographer. she worked for the government. capturing the story of what was happening to agriculture workers because of the depression, and she snapped that famous migrant mother image that you have se

. >> head of the naacp voted with the majority to protect the rights of the ku klux klan calling formurder, the murder of african-americans. marshall was able tos. seek i he this, it scares me that i'm not going to take the role of shutting down another person's speech so what can we do? speak out against them but not to echo what we already believe. to do sometimes feels, if it doesn't hurt, it doesn't count. >> i think the first amendment itself is understood and the hardest thing, it's one thing to say have a right to speak but it's another to say you have a right to speak even though i hate what you are saying. the founding fathers put the first amendment in the constitution, ittu wasn't a snap deal, it wasn't the first thing they thought and also it wasn't entirely free speech of the time. >> ben franklin of all people, said when they pass first amendment, no one has be idea what they were doing. i forgot how heoi put it there s no debate during the convention someone brought up. the idea the late 18th century, it's extremely difficult. this has emerged in the last three years,

with of the majority to protect the rights of the ku klux klan calling for his own murder, calling formurder of african-americans. i'm not going to take the role of shutting down so what can we do. not to echo what we already believe, to do what sometimes feels if it doesn't hurt, it doesn't count, let's put it like that. >> i think the amendment is misunderstood and the hard thing it's one thing to say, yes, i had a right to speak and another to say you had a right to speak although i hate what you're saying. when the founding fathers but the first amendment in the constitution, it wasn't a snap deal or the first thing they thought of and also it wasn't entirely free speech at the time. >> ben franklin of all people said when they passed the first amendment no one had real ideas of what they were doing. there was no debate during the constitutional convention. it's emerged in the last 50 years. is it i don't want a free history but we also have to appreciate our achievements? know, the founding fathers seven years after the first amendment was passed, we passed an act that outlawed. t

then we had the ku klux klan that intimidated african-americans from voting. well, in alabama, most of the men that had weapons were the confederate soldiers. so they became the policemen. then they created all of these laws like loitering. if you were standing on the corner, you could be arrested. and they amended the state constitution to say that if you were incarcerated, you could be subcontracted out for labor which meant that they would arrest people and put them right back on the plantation to work. and then during the same time, we had all of the lynchings from 1860 to 1950. over 4,000 lynchings that took place during that time. so we had all of these things happening during that period, right up until 1954 where brown versus board of education. things kind of settled a little. and it was another ten years before the civil rights bill was passed. when that happened, we could go to any library in the city, not just this one. and the jim crow laws finally were taken -- the signs were taken down. integration took place. but even the schools were not reall

. >> thurgood marshall the head of the naacp the majority to protect the rights of the ku klux klan andcalling for his own murder calling for the murder of african-americans. marsha was able to see, i hate this. it scares me but i'm not going to take the role of shutting down another person speech. absolutely we should speak out against violence and absolutely we should speak out against it but not to echo what we are to believe. do we sometimes feels, if it doesn't heard it doesn't -- count. >> i think the first amendment so misunderstood and it's one thing to say guess i've are right to speak another thing to say you have a right to speech and i hate what you are saying. when the founding fathers that the first amendment and the constitution and wasn't a deal. it wasn't the first thing i thought of and also it wasn't entirely free-speech at the time. >> and franklin of all people said when they passed the first amendment they had no idea what the hell they were doing. i forgot how they put it but they put it beautifully. [inaudible] the idea of what free-speech was it's extremely diff

. >> think of marshall, head of the naacp voting with the majority to protect the rights ku klux klanmen for his own murder, calling for the murder of african-americans. marshall can see, i hate this. this scares me i'm not going to take the role of shutting down another person speech. what can we do? absolutely week speak out against silence and against this but not to echo what we are to believe. to do what sometimes feels, if it doesn't hurt, it doesn't count. >> i think the first amendment is so misunderstood and the hardest thing, yes i have a right to speech but another thing have a right to speak even though i hate what you are saying. when the foundingin fathers put the first amendment in the constitution, it wasn't a snap deal, it wasn't the first thing i thought of, and also, it wasn't entirely free-speech at that time. >> ben franklin, of all people, said when they passed the first amendment, no one had real idea what they were doing. i forgot how he put it but he put it beautifully. there was no debate during the constitutional convention, someone brought it up they went w

the ku klux klan borrows the template of the freemasonry.most interestingly beginning and southern italy in the early 19th century space exactly template made its way from the political sphere into the criminal sphere that man you can see there in the green jersey in 2008 was the last man to aspire i never none on. as all of the other members of the ruling commission of the time. the man as it happened next to him, then colonel monai chino, general mineo g, a friend of mine who worked a lot and knows a lot of people involved. lucas american sister organization is a sworn secret brotherhood, members of organizations join families it's a metaphor not mean it's all related. it's a metaphor for how closely knit they are does not mean they're all none on. those families and cells of the organization like masonic lodges but like being a member of the masonic lodge you also become a member of a wider network with contacts particularly across the atlantic and that is when the secrets. initiation, codes and rituals and so on it is unmistakably stole

you know, i'd go back to 1924 when the klu klux klan urged the passage of an immigration bill that preventedcoming from europe into this country. they made exceptions. 50,000 germans could come in, 100 syrians. it tells you going back in 1924 what the racial prejudice was, and it continues to this day saying we don't want any afghans, brown people, or any others who don't look like us. that's what's taking place in this country right now. and president biden has an obligation to say we're getting them out. we're bringing them here, and in other countries, other capitols of the nato countries and others. >> we'll be watching for that. as you said, it is sad, frankly, what we see in many areas in terms of the response to helping afghan refugees. >>> i want to talk about, you touched on briefly isis with the anniversary of 9/11 looming, with this renewed threat from isis. the national security adviser called this real acute and persistent in terms of the threat from isis. what concerns you most? today? >> the concerns i have are we are in a basically a war zone. if the -- if the taliban or if a

. >> this is mary, part of the moore klan, her family keeps its wealth private to, like many families here. >> i knew there was well they but they didn't flaunt it. and you weren't told about it. he just knew that it was. there >> and she learned early, she said, that the family fortune was also a tool to keep the descendants in line. >> my dad would say, like when i was in high school, if you ever get into drugs or do anything i'm taking you out of my will. >> though she could never have inherited the land, that birthright was passed from father to son, not daughter. the custom started with the family patriarch who handed the farm down to roger and gus, now in their seventies. each of them had a son, just a year apart. paul and peter, in line to one day run the farmers partners. cousins but raised more like brothers. here they are in 1978. fishing barehanded, latter day how can tom. they were a -- roger paul was smart and handsome, a bit of a playboy. while gushes boy peter was tough and blunt. hotheaded. >> pete has a reputation overrun colusa county. his mouth has given him a reput

traditions, the political and cultural traditions are that power resides in the family, and in the klan in the tribe, not in some faraway capital. there is this notion now as that that what happens in kabul remains in kabul. that government never had the support of the population. it was always known for corruption, and incompetence, and it violated those afghan traditions, so why are we surprised that the afghan military that was charged with defending that government, not their country, not their people, that they weren't willing to fight for that? >> and everything you just said also describes the vietnamese regime which we were supporting and which immediately collapsed as soon as the american troops pulled out of vietnam, so the mirror was almost flawless in this case. mike mazarr the argument of staying in afghanistan rests on the notion that a tiny group, 2500 maybe, of soldiers could perpetually keep the taliban at bay and make the taliban wait another 20 years, if we just left 2500 soldiers in afghanistan. >> yeah, and that is just not a terrible argument for a variety of reaso

history of white supremacy included but not limited to the institution of slavery and the ku klux klanto teach our children anything else is to rob them of the heritage and their truth and they deserve better. >>> yesterday was the 56th anniversary of the signing of the voting rights act by president lyndon baines johnson, but johnson didn't lead the movement that led to the voting rights act being passed, no, it was amelia boykin and john lewis and foot soldiers that marched all over the south, the mississippi project and others that forced the congress and the senate to pass a bill that lyndon johnson signed. that is why if we are going to get the senate bill 1 passed and the john lewis bill passed that will put teeth into the viting rights act it will not come from the white house down, it will come from the people up. that is why we're having this national voter rights march august 28th in washington, d.c. martin luther king iii and i are calling for that you should come. you should register at www.nationalactionnetwork.net. we lost a great ally this week, richard trumka whose last

islam in such a light that they were able to see the taliban the way we americans see the clan -- klan or the neo-nazi party. we did everything else. i think that is where we failed. we had 20 years to do that and nobody was willing to do it. host: was it a failure of picking the right voices and people to work with in afghanistan do what you are saying? caller: i think it was, to a degree. i also think, that this key, if you will, was presented comprehensively in detail. it scared some people. the thought that we would try and do something like that and possibly actually win their hearts and minds, it scared people. knowing what was required, -- let's not do that. let's do these other things. host: that was scott out of multimers city, maryland, in terms of the main voice we were working with in afghanistan, who has fled the country. osher afghani. india reporting and a couple of other sites reporting that he is likely to be headed to the united states. devon is next out of philadelphia. independent, good morning. caller: good morning. i see the news article. this is about how how --

arrested and went to jail and same night klan held the largest hooded march they held in decades.message would congressman lewis have for the texas state representatives in washington still fighting texas voter suppression bill? >> would tell them to keep pushing, keep fighting. don't get down, it's going to be a hard struggle but keep pushing for those left out and left behind. keep going, you've got this. he would love what they're doing. i think this would be meaningful for him to witness. >> what was the saying, andrew, never give up -- >> never give up, never give in, never give out and keep your eyes on the prize! sorry. spent so much time with him over the years. >> glad i asked you that question and doubly glad you did the impression. you really know the man. that was part of his repertoire, in literally one minute left, what is your favorite memory of congressman lewis? >> there's so many, but one i remember most is anytime something went well, after we found out "march" was on the "new york times" best sellers list or got a great review, would celebrate with a coke with

so he lashed out at the rise -- the resurgence of the ku klux klan after world war ii, the lynching of black veterans in the south after world war ii. he lashed out against segregation, jim crow. he lashed out at the rising power of the house on american activities committee and the rising voices that seemed to want a world war iii with a new enemy or ally, the soviet union, he lashed out at those who began immigration from europe, displaced persons from europe. he was a big supporter of immigration. you know, he took the liberal left side of the -- of politics in the media post-war years and he ran with it and he did a lot of hard-hitting cartoons in 1945, early 1946. >> like the cartoon we have up on the screen right now. go home, jr., you're making me look silly the klansman says. bill was an extremely popular guy as the representation of the champion of the infantry, the common man in world war ii. how do people react to the new bill? certainly they loved him when he was championing the ordinary grunt but not everyone appreciates the new political cartoons. isn't that the nature of

they've brought claims ranging from violation of the ku klux klan act which is a civil rights statuteault and civil battery. some of these claims look like they really will survive an early motion to dismiss, and this indicates will proceed to discovery which could involve, for instance, depositions of some of the defendants including the former president. >> former president trump tried to claim executive privilege in the face of this request for documents from the january 6th committee. obviously he's no longer a part of the executive branch, but we know the house january 6th committee has subpoena power, so why were these requests for documents as opposed to subpoenas and does executive privilege apply to former presidents and apply to both requests and subpoenas? >> it is a complicated setting, and here this opening move of making requests or demand as committee chair bennie thompson has characterized them rather than issuing subpoenas permits voluntary cooperation, particularly from executive branch agencies. thompson has given them a two-week deadline for compliance. if they're

when viola woman was killed by the ku klux klan after voting rights march, you can bet her five childrenetta scott king laid 39-year-old husband to rest, you can bet she was asking too. they were all great leaders. but they were also human. and we all have our moments of doubt. but let me remind you of something that caretta scott king said. freedom is never really won. you earn it and you win it in every generation. think about that. you earn it and win it in every generation. the arc lives in the hearts of all of those fellow brothers and sisters. we must bend that arc of the universe towards justice. in atlanta, there as an eternal -- there is an eternal flame that burns for caretta scott and martin luther king. i sometimes think about how fire is one of the most powerful forces in the world. it can be used to create warmth and generate power or can be an instrument of destruction. the truth is that there is a fire of hatred in the hearts of some people. and throughout that smoke they cannot see the humanity in people or the joy of community. there are smoldering embers of empathy in

at a high school, for example, near niceville, students discussed plans to establish a gook klux klan. this is in many ways resident -- resonant with what we are hearing today, of a variety of reasons why people are concerned about admitting refugees. the funny about refugees, about southeast asian refugees, is that given all of the hostility, it actually happened. southeast asian refugees were actually admitted and resettled. as the historian put it, given the intensity of this public opposition, it's a miracle that southeast asian refugees were resettled in the united states at all. and they were resettled in substantial numbers. between 1975 and 2000, over a million southeast asian refugees came to the united states. and what was the most extensive, expensive and institutionally complex resettlement effort in american history. it was also haphazard, chaotic, controversial, and planners expected it would take a year, but it ended up taking decades. southeast asian refugee migration developed in several phases. there was first the indo china migration and refugee assistant act in 197

so he he lashed out at the you know, rise the the resurgence of the ku klux klan after world war ii the you know, the lynching of black veterans in the south after world war ii he lashed out against segregation jim crow. he lashed out at the rising power of the house on american activities committee and the rising voices that seemed to want and world war iii with a new enemy or erstwhile ally the soviet union. he lashed out it those who opposed immigration from europe of displaced persons from europe. he was a big supporter of immigration. you know, he kind of he took the liberal left side of the politics in the media post war years and he ran with that and he did a lot of hard-hitting cartoons in 1945 early 1946. like the cartoon you have we have up on the screen right now go home junior. you're making me look silly that clansman says. you see is this little son? who's you know who's aping fathers of father's customs there, but you know, i do have to ask because bill bill was an extremely popular guy as the representation of the other the champion of the infantry the common man in worl

itself in guerilla warfare now suddenly became manifest in vigilante groups like the red shirts or the klan. those vigilante groups became the paramilitary wing of the democratic party and democrats would use them for wide-spread systematic violence if they felt an immediate threat to their grasp of power. once they regained the power, when reconstruction kind of fizzled out and republicans lost the political power there in the south. in arkansas especially, the guerilla warfare had been pretty brutal and it kind of spilled over into post-war politics. that was -- and also very clearly into race relations and it culminated in the 1888 elections, which is one of the most corrupt in arkansas history. john clayton, who you see on the screen, was the republican candidate for the second congressional district and he ended up losing the election by 846 votes out of over 34,000 cast. now, you can say, oh, that's just terrible luck but it was more than luck. in plumerville, in conway county as the votes were being gathered in the ballot box, four masked and armed white men broke into the voting pre