by scientists themselves, who saw that this was a lucrative endeavor and rather than let hill and knolton figure out how to do this the scientists themselves were setting up their own firms and out of this we have this new industry, which is called, they themselves called the private defense industry. scientist to understand how the regulatory system works out to produce studies that the finn products in regulation or in court, they will produce literature reviews, gather analyses and interpretations. occasionally, they will do studies themselves but it is all in my view very questionable value. the studies these firms produced for their clients are very much like the accounting work done by some of the accountants at arthur andersen for the enron companies. the appeared to play by the rules but their objective is to help corporations frustrate regulators and prevail in litigation. we see it over and over again in this case. i am going to talk a little bit about how this works. the one group, tried to write about several of these groups. one group worked extensively for the tobacco indust