southern kordofan on is another. once again, we are hearing chilling reports of serious human rights reports. there are new and serious allegations of mass graves, shells are falling in the nuba mountains. people in need of been cut off from humanitarian relief. sudan must not go down this road again. southern kordofan needs the united nations monitoring mission and both sides need to agree and abide by a cease-fire. if atrocities are occurring. they must stop and they must be accountability. there are also positive signs. sudan was the first country to recognize the south as an independent state. it's worth pausing to acknowledge that fact. not just because it suggests hope, for the relationship between north and south, but for the relationship between sudan and the united states as well. because of the successful january referendum, president obama initiated a review of sudan's designation as state sponsors of terrorism. completion of that process rests on the review itself, as well as the resolution of all the maj

and in southern kordofan so yes you have to look at the security but everything that has been said i agree totally with because of the especially the challenges of oil and ethnicity we have to help the sudan southern sudanese the u.s. and others who care have to help them to build institutions incidentally i think if you stress democracy you will of wired world people wrongly called the oil case it is not their kids what is necessary is once you have oil you have to build strong institutions to do with the oil the united states is well endowed with oil it doesn't corrupt their their country as much as people assume for other places so i do think that yes the focus on military security may seem skewed but that is their festive now the hard work begins there and one side today comes the country. independent people should not say everything is done and goof and particularly people like me activist and people in the united states who do put pressure on what the u.s. ought to do we have our work cut out for us to pressure the u.s. government to build the i'm very institutions i think i sh

state and the efforts to disarm some troops in southern kordofan state in the north who are aligned with the south and that of course has been a rather violent process to go back to oil as well i think it's important not to overemphasize the importance of oil in sudan it's a medium level producer about four hundred ninety thousand barrels a day that doesn't make it a big strike well will produce there and for the u.s. oil is actually not that important because the u.s. doesn't consume any sudanese oil because of the sanctions that the u.s. has on sudan so this has as much to do with the history and the bloodshed that ambassador campbell was talking about as the oil it's not just an oil story. well kind of precedent is being said here. even regions within south sudan start breaking apart or even the north seeing seeing the state of the north star collapsing if when we see bashir with every move he makes one way or another it could destabilize the north as well we've been focusing a lot on the south what about the north yes that is absolutely true and. i hope it doesn't happen i mean

presence in southern kordofan and blue nile. so i think we're getting closer with them in terms of both shared interest there, and i think that's an opportunity for us to see them making an even bigger contribution. >> thank you very much, ambassador. thank you for your service. thank you, mr. chairman. >> mr. ambassador, our relationship right now with the north, with sudan, is both caught up and controlled by, as you know, a number of overlapping laws that have been passed over the course of 10 years. but obviously as of last saturday, the map has been completely redrawn. in looking at the map, i see that you are currently able to do certain kinds of work in darfur, south court upon, and blue nile. but you're not allowed to do a long the rest of the border. but the relations between sudan and south sudan are not limited to those areas now, and particularly there's this cuteness of delivery i think on our part. most of the south and the north, to south sudan and the north. so my question is, as you know, our staff has been work

abyei region, claimed by both sides and in the nuba mountains of the northern state of southern kordofan. >> people of south sudan: congratulations! >> woodruff: saturday's 10-hour- long independence ceremony was held in blistering heat with a large u.s. delegation on hand, led by u.n. ambassador susan rice. she also opened the new u.s. embassy in juba, along with former secretary of state colin powell, who helped broker the 2005 accord. also there, the president of sudan, omar al-bashir. he remains under international indictment for alleged war crimes committed in darfur, to the west. >> ( translated ): for the sake of peace, we have accepted the separation of the south out of the united sudan so that they can form a new country. although we believe that the unity of sudan was best for the north and the south. >> woodruff: the new nation of south sudan instantly became one of the world's poorest, despite extensive oil reserves. bashir's government in the north has controlled the oil industry for years. for more on what the new nation faces, we turn to rebecca hamilton, a pulitzer center