carillo wanted-- japan wanted korea. they desired korea. theodore roosevelt green lit the expansionism. imagine my surprise when i found that in the summer of 1905, president theodore roosevelt helped create the problem that president franklin roosevelt would later have to deal with out there in the pacific. theodore roosevelt was taking these actions not for any malevolence reason, but he thought this was a very beneficial and move. he thought it was a great progressive move and would help millions of asians. why did the think this way? we have to go back to 1905. in 1905 america was an east coast eurocentric country. dÉjÀ was the mysterious oriental far away. we weren't translating each other's books and newspapers. we knew very little about each other. roosevelt had never been to asia. he hadn't been-- he had been once to san francisco comminute very little about the pacific and asian politics. roosevelt pheaa ayeesha terrain number of theories that he had picked up at harvard and colombia. one of those theories said that china was a dec

the ninth nation was north korea. they probably started seriously with kim jong-il succession to power in 1994. the first shot october 2006. it was a fizzle but what they told the chinese and what we have learned is the design yield was not 20 kilotons a big fat man but the design yield was only four callow tons -- kilotons hopefully to be missile compatible and light weight. the north korea and tested again in the me 2009 they have to kilotons. a problem with north korea is not just that they are a nuclear state but pumping technology and materials to all of the other guys that we were about. pakistan and north korea is a fountain of nuclear weapons technology. so that is the short history. what lessons did we learn? in my opinion there is a very significant nuclear event in the western world during this president's term. nuclear weapons we have not spent time talking about them but i have seen them go off i have designed them. it is a release of energy that is incomprehensible and damage and destruction even a very

north korea. you can read what i have to say about north korea in the paper.think my encounter with the beltway consensus on north korea, a bipartisan one over the last 20 years, has been that the images people have and the assumptions they make about north korea get in the way of figuring out a policy that actually might have an impact on that regime. i mean, on any gin day it looks like an opera boof of communism that you can't possibly take seriously, but my research and my career has taught me that you underestimate the north koreans at your peril. that happened when mcartsdzyur said he could turn back the north koreans with one hand tied behind his back. a month later he was saying better art tillry and service than the japanese did in world war ii. it starts from there and just goes on. but if you have an independent army of over 1 million men, you have a garrison state dug into some 15,000 underground national security chambers or facilities afone type or another, and a leadership that believes that both the sovedwrets and the chinese have screwed them

not in germany, japan, or south korea. smaller bases were downsized, but in the last 10 years or more, all of the bases have been going up. host: to be clear, the organization for policy studies, your organization, has an opinion on this. guest: we do. we think this is a bad use of people power, and it does not make us safer. many are angry about what these bases are doing to the environment and social conditions regarding women. so you see fights know and okinawa, in a beautiful place in italy outside an area designated an historical artistic center by unesco, a site -- i'm forgetting the name, of the renaissance artist and architect known for mansions -- palladio. the palladio mound-- mentions outside the city. and the u.s. has now negotiated against the wishes of all local population to build a second air base within 100 yards. they want a better air strip. why it has to be there, nobody can answer. but the italian government agreed under a right wing government that was allied with bush originally, and the obama has do

korea, it's divided. we have troops there. we spend all this money.bout time we wrote more letters. more letters, more trade. let the koreans get together and settle the problems. the best thing in the world we can do is come home from korea, save another hundred billion. >> larry: ben, what do you think? >> kim jong-il is probably as evil a person as there is on the planet. he's made his entire country into a penal colony, a gulag. he starves people to death by the millions while he lives the life of an incredible international playboy. the idea that you can change him by writing him a letter is comical. and the idea that we should not be defending south korea against him is comical. i don't know where these ideas come from, but it's just comical. >> larry: i think the issue really is one of engagement. i think as ben well knows, his former boss, president nixon engaged with a really bad guy mao tse-tung who was running china. the issue is whether or not we are going to engage. is it whether writing a letter or picking up the phone? look, i'm not goi

did you come from north korea's iranian enrichment program or facility?>> i think i just responded to a question of the uranium enrichment program. it clearly will be on the agenda when the talks resume. they've put it there by making a public announcement they've concluded the first experimental phase of the uranium enrichment program. let me just as we finish let me stress again in my swing from the region from seoul to beijing to tokyo to moscow i found very strong agreement that the unity of the five is very important in trying to deal with north korea. and i found there is strong support for continuing to enforce the sanctions and there was also a strong view that it had been useful for the united states to take on this direct contact with the north koreans in the context of the six party framework. so i think it's been useful and move things forward. i would like to be able to be more precise about a timetable for the future but at this point i am not able to be. so anyway, thank you. >> we will take a few minute breaks. [inaudible conversations]

south korea has become a democracy with our help. the people's republic of china is failing on its responsibility and not helping us put pressure on north korea. nuclear weapons is a scary thought. >> larry: we thank you guys. african-americans helped president obama get elected. how do they feel about him now? that's next. by changing her medicare prescription plan. all we had to do was go to cvs.com and use the free savings calculator. we learned that changing your medicare part d plan could save an average of $612. woman: we just entered my prescriptions, and it compared plans for us. it was easy to find the right plan for the prescriptions i need. your cvs pharmacist can help, too. come in today, or go to cvs.com before december 31st to find the best plan for you -- at cvs/pharmacy. >> larry: an article in the "daily beast" asks are blacks abandoning obama. we will a sk our guests, mark hill. reverent al sharpton, the activist and former presidential candidate and jeff johnson, b.e.t. correspondent. is obama failing the african-a

a fully staffed j-pac will allow operation to remain to be conducted in north korea and south korea, not an either/or situation. currently j-pac defines this situation as they continue serious lack of personnel with a meaningful study of their own. to make a statement -- the president of the korea family regarding a meeting with admiral crist in 2008 in hawaii accompanied by four members of the organization with johnny webb in attendance. the most important issue to discuss was the moving to the j-pac main land. when this issue was raised she said she was doing this study but in actuality four months later it was found she was not doing the study. it was never explained or apologized and is this any way to run a business? >> i appreciate that and your whole statement is in the record. >> chairwoman davis and distinguished members of the house armed services subcommittee for military personnel, thank you for having this thing today and for being the voice of many family members, organization represents. family members and friends and colleagues share one thing in common. we wait for t

north korea confirmed today it has detained an arizona man for illegally entering the country. family members identified the man as 28-year-old christian missionary robert park. supporters said he crossed from china into north korea on christmas day, urging the release of political prisoners. the state news agency said today he is being investigated for illegal entry. on wall street today stocks broke a 6-day winning streak. the dow jones industrial average lost more than a point to close at 10,545. the nasdaq fell more than 2 points to close at 2288. those are some of the day's main stories. i'll be back at the end of the program with a preview of what you'll find tonight on the newshour's website. but for now back to gwen. >> ifill: and still to come on the newshour: the nigerian man who tried to blow up a us plane and his links to yemen; raising healthier, better educated children in mexico; and help for the mentally ill in india. but first: striking the right balance between security and sacrifice: the costs of preventing the next attack. for that, we turn to mary schiavo,

not in germany, japan, or south korea. smaller bases were downsized, but in the last 10 years or more, all of the bases have been going up. host: to be clear, the organization for policy studies, your organization, has an opinion on this. guest: we do. we think this is a bad use of people power, and it does not make us safer. many are angry about what these bases are doing to the environment and social conditions regarding women. so you see fights know and okinawa, in a beautiful place in italy outside an area designated an historical artistic center by unesco, a site -- i'm forgetting the name, of the renaissance artist and architect known for mansions -- palladio. the palladio mound-- mentions outside the city. and the u.s. has now negotiated against the wishes of all local population to build a second air base within 100 yards. they want a better air strip. why it has to be there, nobody can answer. but the italian government agreed under a right wing government that was allied with bush originally, and the obama has do

i went to korea and gave the very first book to the president of korea and picked up my brother's medals for being in the war. i had three brothers in the war. but the daytona journal called it switched the title on me. recall that forgotten no more, which means that based on the book the war will not be forgotten, which is a tremendous lift to me when i came back from korea and saw that on the headline on the day that the war started over there, 59 years later. >> host: thank you for calling. among the events that we are covering, among the in-depth programs we can tell you about january and february. january 3, next sunday from noon until three eastern, three hours with michelle malkin. her latest is the culture of corruption. i'll pull this off and show you her february in depth gas. it is paul johnson and his book on churchill that will be february 7. illinois is maxed and this is carol on a democrat plan. >> caller: hi. my favorite book i know it came out a year or so ago. i read it in the paperback edition. couldn't afford the hardback. annette gordon reid. excellent writer. >> hos

hugo to south korea right now, what is their biggest business? shipbuilding. they are fully employed right now. hugo to south korea riedel they are just knocking hammers building these big tankers. iran has already said we have got three tankers about $100 million each, we give $1 million on each ameet 080 million we can't pay you. they are doing yard sales of 100 million-dollar tankers. it is a three-year order process of these tankers are going to come on line in 2010 and 2011. are you starting to get this picture? and 20 tenant 2011 you have 15% more tankers they are going to come online with nobody to buy them, no place for them to go. you will have 25% excess capacity of all tankers in the world and all the folks building ships in south korea of with full employment, where they going to go? so, it is a structural issue. [laughter] so when i say reset i am saying partly structural but i am also saying a crisis of the virtue of values that because we have made money people will do anything to get money. kill you, rob you, home invasion. whether it is somebo

i don't know that north korea has ever shifted policy because of a domestic situation.his policy a little bit more time. it maybe that the united states can't reach nuclear agreements with north korea and iran. but it may be there will be changes in the country to make it easier to live with them. host: as part of this process, it is war council as you wrote about levin of michigan, reed of rhode island and john kerry of massachusetts and kerry phroeting the idea of visiting -- float being ting the idea vi tehran and saying this is the type of think that he should undertake. guest: john kerry has become, along with levin and reed, at least within the senate one of the obama administration's sort of top wise men if you will. that isn't to say that he doesn't have others in other branches of the government. but on the hill these three are considered at least by obama to be people that he should listen to. if you will remember, when he was a candidate he/@@Á@ @ @ @ @r terry has done other work for the administration before and is very much in tune with obama's policy. he d

involvement in korea. truman biographer david mccullough wrote about it.night, after supper alone, truman summoned another emergency session, a second war cabinet meeting at blair house, and decided to provide american air and may haval support to the forces of south korea and to press for immediate united nations support." >> i don't want to go to war, truman said, with a force they would all remember. everything i have done in the past five years, he remarked sadly, as the meeting ended, has been to try to avoid making a decision such as i had to make tonight." ♪ >> for president truman, this is the temporary cabinet room. many of his meetings were here, even not west wing was not affected by the renovation work, and he did have use of the cabinet room at the white house. this became a convenient cabinet room for him because it was just 20 feet away from where he was sleeping. historically and especially for european guests, this room is incredibly significant, because in this room, at this table, the first concept and the first draft of the marshall pla

north korea. you can read what i have to say about north korea in the paper.counter with the beltway consensus on north korea, a bipartisan one over the last 20 years, has been that the images people have and the assumptions they make about north korea get in the way of figuring out a policy that actually might have an impact on that regime. i mean, on any gin day it looks like an opera boof of communism that you can't possibly take seriously, but my research and my career has taught me that you underestimate the north koreans at your peril. that happened when mcartsdzyur said he could turn back the north koreans with one hand tied behind his back. a month later he was saying better art tillry and service than the japanese did in world war ii. it starts from there and just goes on. but if you have an independent army of over 1 million men, you have a garrison state dug into some 15,000 underground national security chambers or facilities afone type or another, and a leadership that believes that both the sovedwrets and the chinese have screwed them in recent y

it would be hard to deny that north korea is economically much more than south korea, but the leader kim jong-il is to empower. the regimes which are very much poorer than those of communist states of eastern europe, such as zaire under motegi, managed to keep going for decades longer than they deserve to. and without having such a system of rewards and sanctions, and surveillance as was available to communist authorities. over the long-term, it is true that market economies with all problems turned out to be more efficient than the command economies of communist days. but if we consider the long term for the regime change was not only the relative failures of commonest states, that were to be their undoing, some of their successors also contributed to the fall of communism. education for example was a success story. but the more educated people were, and especially the larger the higher education sector began, the more dissatisfied they work with the censorship, and the more dissatisfied they were with their lack of opportunity to travel abroad in the same way as their professional

north korea has not backed down and israelis and palestinians are upset with him because he told thesraelis not to build any more settlements. not to expand them. >> larry: i asked a simple question, got an involved answer. >> a d. >> larry: a d, okay. sounded like it would be a c based on the a in there, but professor reich -- >> depends how much weight you give the a. >> larry: the only man who grades papers might have a thought. what would you give him? >> i've been doing it all day, larry. in terms of aspiration and goals and ideals i would give him an a. in terms of effort, just a sheer brute, getting in there and trying, the administration i give an a minus maybe an a in terms of deliverables, what they've done so far, i have to be a much harsher grader, b minus at best. i'm worried mostly about the economy. i think that there is no reason for the obama administration to claim that we're out of the woods. most americans don't believe it. >> larry: and s.e., your grade? >> it's almost christmas. i'm going to be charitable and give him a d minus. >> larry: that's charitable? >> y

i was in the army in korea in the early 1950's during the of war in fact i spent two christmases in korea during the the war. the second one was during the 1952 presidential election between eisenhower and adamle stevenson and since i was an officer i had to countersign absentee ballots and the soldiers were all supposed to tell you who they voted for. but when i countersigned a ballot, a soldier would say i voted for eisenhower because he's sending me home. [laughter] and i don't know if that happens anymore, but so i've been involved in three soldier boats and i'm going to write about two of them. >> [inaudible] >> i think the fellow appear -- no? yeah i am looking for soldiers old enough to have voted in the war of 1984. they would have to be about 87 or older. so if any of you listening are old enough and want to tell me where you were and how you voted and why you voted the way you did i would like to hear from you. >> you had talked about kagen's book about comparing sherman's march with the nazi invasion of russia. do you have some kind of figure on the casualties as a result of th

north korea. and you can read what i have to say about north korea in the paper. i think my encounters with the beltway consensus on north korea, bipartisan won over the last 20 years, has been in that the images people have and the assumptions they make about number three again in the way of figuring out a policy that actually might have an impact on that regime. it on any given day in los like communism you can't take seriously. my research in my career has taught me that to underestimate the north koreans at your peril. that happen when douglas mccarthy said he had turned back the north koreans with one hand tied behind his back a couple days after the war began in 1950 in a month later he said they have better artillery and service, tang formations and the japanese did in world war ii. it just goes on, but if you have an independent army of over a million men you have a garrison state dug into some 15,000 underground national security chambers or facilities of one type of another, and a leadership that believes that both the soviets and the chinese have screwe

lar world, but the united states was -- >> two g summits next year, one in canada and one in south korea in the autumn, that it will be prominent. can i ask one final question? then we'll go to the floor. perhaps to you, joe lockhart. europe, not something that perhaps people spend too much time worrying about. but there was the famous kissinger question, who do you call for europe. the europeans are now agonized for, what was it, eight or nine years over a constitutional -- well, it was no longer called a constitutional treaty, over a treaty, which has given them a so-called president and a high representative, in effect, a foreign secretary. but they've chosen people in these roles which charity eable can be described as people nobody has ever heard of. does anybody care about europe as a weight in the world, as an entity? has anybody answered the kissinger question for america? >> i think it's an evolving question. >> can you name the presidents of europe? >> eric can. [laughter] >> i know who wants to be the president of europe. >> well, he didn't get it. >> i know. >> i think it's n

not in germany, japan, or south korea.ere downsized, but in the last 10 years or more, all of the bases have been going up. host: to be clear, the organization for policy studies, your organization, has an opinion on this. guest: we do. we think this is a bad use of people power, and it does not make us safer. many are angry about what these bases are doing to the environment and social conditions regarding women. so you see fights know and okinawa, in a beautiful place in italy outside an area designated an historical artistic center by unesco, a site -- i'm forgetting the name, of the renaissance artist and architect known for mansions -- palladio. the palladio mound-- mentions outside the city. and the u.s. has now negotiated against the wishes of all local population to build a second air base within 100 yards. they want a better air strip. why it has to be there, nobody can answer. but the italian government agreed under a right wing government that was allied with bush originally, and the obama has done nothing to ch

we have the problems of the mideast east process and the difficulties in iraq and north korea and afghanistan. and we need a strong president and we need a congress which has the courage to act, the tenacity and willingness to face tough problems. and we need to show the american people that it's not all gridlock here. that it's not all desperate desolate partisan politics. so my vote will be in favor of the bill, although i am frankly disappointed that i share the frustration expressed by many people who say go back and start again. and this is a significant step forward. we have a great chance to improve it and conference and beyond that there'll be another caucus with an analogy of civil rights legislation we can get the public option and get to a greater public governmental involvement but for the betterment of the american people. i think the chairman and yield the floor. >> pennsylvania senator bob casey said he will continue to negotiate with nebraska democrat ben nelson on abortion language for the senate health care bills. those remarks came during a news conference on the 2010 defen

but it's also incumbent upon all of us to insist that nations, like iran and north korea, do not gaind. those who care for their own security cannot ignore the danger of an arms race in the middle east or east asia. those who seek peace cannot stand idly by as nations arm themselves for nuclear war. the same principle applies to those who violate international laws by brutalizing their own people. when there is genocide in darfur, systematic rape in congo, repression in burma, there must be consequences. yes, there will be engagement, yes, there will be diplomacy, but there must be consequences. when those things fail. and the closer we stand together, the less likely we will be faced with a choice between armed intervention and complicity the and oppression. this brings me to a second point. the nature of the peace that we seek. for peace is not merely the absence of visible conflict, only a just peace based on the inherent rights and dignity of every individual can truly be lasting. it was this insight that drove drafters of the universal declaration of human rights after the second

the gdp of mexico was comparable to south korea. now south korea is way ahead. where are we in terms of engagement? let me preface it by saying we have we want and whole new tone. that is the most important thing that i can tell you today. we want to read engage with the atmosphere on the basis of mutual respect, on working together to solve common problems, with the united states being a partner. we want to be able to listen to the secretary has already traveled to the region for the president has traveled to the region. the vice president has traveled to the region. there have been and number of high-level meetings where this has been conveyed. we want to work together with mutual respect in order to solve our common problems. now that i had been on the job since november 10, i have been to mexico, canada, and i am leaving on sunday to visit brazil, argentina, or a quiet, compared wide. -- are required -- uraguay an d paraguay. we need to engage two -- three very broad things. i have like eight things in my formal speech. but let's reduce it to three things. t

involvement in korea. david mccullough wrote about it. "i do not want to go to war.verything i've done in the past five years has been to try to avoid making decisions such as i had to make tonight's." >> this is the temporary cabinet room. meetings were here even though the west's reco wing was not af. this became a convenient cabinet room for him because it was 20 feet away from where he was sleeping. hispatorically, this firm is incredibly significant because in this room at this table, but the first draft of the marshall plant were created. but this is also where the truman doctrine originated. we know that this is where the president signed documents committed american troops to the korean war. it's also where he made the final decision to fire mccarthy. it was the scene of many famous midnight poker games. there was a time president truman and this was the primary and dining room. this is where they had dinner with princess elizabeth and stritch tolchurchill and countl. >> sometimes, i would have dinner alone. i walked into the dining room. necktie. would pull

for example, several divisions to south korea to help defend the country if north korea were to do what they did in 1950 and attack. this president had to assess what is the impact upon the rest of our security of putting x amount of troops in afghanistan. he needs to listen to the general, but he also needs to listen to his collective national security input from around the world. that is what he did. 30,000 troops -- i believe -- he said this is what i believe needs to be done, and i'm glad he did that. host: how will this play on the campaign trail? caller: it does not matter. this is the right decision. i understand i'm in a democratic primary. there's one thing that i find that is lacking in washington, d.c. it is accountable leadership. so many people want to be responsible. two weeks ago, i'd pu put out a- ed. i said 30,000 troops, three to five years. i know my opponent says we should not do this through this is a gentleman i respect, but he voted for the misadventure douglas tragedy in iraq. i am only siworried about the security of this nation. the people of pennsylvania are i

i gave the first boat to the president of korea. i had three brothers in the war.ne newspaper called it "for domino more -- forgotten no more," which was a tremendous lift for me. on the date the war started 59 years later. it has done a great reviews. host: thank you for calling. we can tell you about january and february. january 3, from noon until 3:00 p.m., three hours with michelle malkin. our february guest is paul johnson and his caucus on churchill. the will be on sunday, february 7. this is carol on our independence linemen. caller: my favorite book, i read the paper back, "the hemmings of monticello." host: she won a prize. caller: national book award. it is so well-written and so well documented. it brings a whole new point of view to the complexity of race relations in our country. i'm devouring it. it is wonderful. host: thank you for the call. carl is up next in dallas. caller: one of your callers mentioned "it takes a village." it is wonderful. insider's account of wall street. one i enjoyed that featured in april is called "recarburize the russian w

involvement in korea. david mccullough wrote about it. "i do not want to go to war.verything i've done in the past five years has been to try to avoid making decisions such as i had to make tonight's." >> this is the temporary cabinet room. meetings were here even though the west's reco wing was not af. this became a convenient cabinet room for him because it was 20 feet away from where he was sleeping. hispatorically, this firm is incredibly significant because in this room at this table, but the first draft of the marshall plant were created. but this is also where the truman doctrine originated. we know that this is where the president signed documents committed american troops to the korean war. it's also where he made the final decision to fire mccarthy. it was the scene of many famous midnight poker games. there was a time president truman and this was the primary and dining room. this is where they had dinner with princess elizabeth and stritch tolchurchill and countl. >> sometimes, i would have dinner alone. i walked into the dining room. necktie. would pull

it is not coming in with a prepared speech korea must of the time i spent in anticipating questions and preparing answers that i would like to get to those questions. sometimes that means fielding hundreds of questions that they may ask harr. it is a lot of questions. they ought interrupt each other. there was one time when it was arguing with the chief justice copps i was answering the question from one justice and another just as the cut in. they said let's her finish her answer. my reaction was it was a great day. >> whether one focuses on it a go justice, all skilled advocates understand that they should be familiar with the views of the justice, based upon what they have done in related cases and be prepared to recognize questions actually are the result of this set of positions that a justice has taken. it is not a smart a kurdish as an oral advocate of this is not a smart approach to focus as a lamont one of justice. i do not think the justices like that very much. i do not think there he goes arm bruise to a much. indeed, very surprising things happen. one of the early cases i a

he has served as the coordinator for the implementation of the united nations resolutions on north korea. earlier in his career, he served in bogota columbia and south africa. a particular note is his being declared persona nongrata by bolivia president in september of 2008. the committee has looked at this but members may have a few questions but it's pretty clear to me that ambassador goldberg had no blame in this matter. ms. wagner by contrast is an intelligence professional beginning as a army signet officer and rising to the level of captain. after three years on the house intelligence committee, ms. wagner joined the senior ranks of the dia before becoming director of intelligence community management staff and subsequently the assistant deputy dni and chief financial officer. she returned to the house intelligence committee as budget director and is now a faculty member of the intelligence and security academy llc. she's being nominated to head the office of intelligence and analysis at the department of homeland security, which unlike inr is a young intelligence organization and

involvement in korea. truman biographer david mccullough wrote about it.upper alone, truman summoned another emergency session, a second war cabinet meeting at blair house, and decided to provide american air and may haval support to the forces of south korea and to press for immediate united nations support." >> i don't want to go to war, truman said, with a force they would all remember. everything i have done in the past five years, he remarked sadly, as the meeting ended, has been to try to avoid making a decision such as i had to make tonight." ♪ >> for president truman, this is the temporary cabinet room. many of his meetings were here, even not west wing was not affected by the renovation work, and he did have use of the cabinet room at the white house. this became a convenient cabinet room for him because it was just 20 feet away from where he was sleeping. historically and especially for european guests, this room is incredibly significant, because in this room, at this table, the first concept and the first draft of the marshall plan were created

i don't know that north korea has ever shifted policy because of a domestic situation.agreements with north korea and iran. but it may be there will be changes in the country to make it easier to live with them. host: as part of this process, it is war council as you wrote about levin of michigan, reed of rhode island and john kerry of massachusetts and kerry phroeting the idea of visiting -- float being ting the idea vi tehran and saying this is the type of think that he should undertake. guest: john kerry has become, along with levin and reed, at least within the senate one of the obama administration's sort of top wise men if you will. that isn't to say that he doesn't have others in other branches of the government. but on the hill these three are considered at least by obama to be people that he should listen to. if you will remember, when he was a candidate he flew to iraq and to afghanistan and brought along reed with him on that t p trip. now, kerry has done other work for the administration before, and he'sç very much in tune wi obama's foreign policy. so to h

we don't trade with north korea.what will we sanction them with economically when we don't do business with them? is just babble. on the other hand, sometimes when a president says there will be dire consequences, as with president obama has threatened sanctions against iran for its nuclear program, which i will come back to, that can have real effects. that's a costly signal. not just because it costs the iranians something if we cut back thank transactions and other activity business activities that the iranians do, but because it costs some of our friends money. because they do business with iran. if they abide by the sanctions that we threatened, that's costly to them, which means they will be a little annoyed. and so the president is taking a political risk, and because it is costly, we can take the statement as credible. and of course, the iranians have to work out is the cost of getting into the sections, getting into the threat, the demand for change in behavior greater than the cost of living with the econom

i understand what you are saying about the assumptions about north korea.trying to say about the assumptions of policy makers in 1989 and 2001? essentially, if you are saying -- you are saying something about their assumptions. i would like to have a clear idea about what those assumptions were. mary, my question to you is the following. you seem to want to have it both ways. you are saying on the one hand that in the long run, the architecture created in 1989 and 1990 missed the punctuational moment in that it did not provide for long-term satisfactory answers. there is a strong element of your analysis that is critical of the long term architecture created. on the other hand, if you are quick to say that it was the only possible architecture. how do you reconcile these two things? what are the implications of those statements? bill, my question to you is on your third and fourth example about iraq. you are critical of scholars. you said the policy makers had it more correct than the scholars in the decision to go to war against iraq. you say the decision

and the less inclined to be supportive on other political areas like iran and north korea. lots of south america and latin america. europe is having a hard time, but they questioned this person said is, what happened to capitalism? this talk of regulation, the bailouts, there is a fear about where america is headed. you see that reflected in our major companies who don't like uncertainty about health-care reform and energy policy. i have spoken to ceo's who say where is the impetus for economic growth? this is a point of tension as the administration is trying to jump-start the private sector to create jobs. i think one of the trends on the policy side is there is a question about the role of government with regard to the economy worldwide. a lot of that is looking at the u.s. and wondering what is happening. >> the outside world always looks to america, particularly at this time. we heard from peter about elections in iraq and brazil. you will be taking up with your own campaigns. are there any lessons you can pick up from other campaigns that have just been fought and aro

envoy stephen bass worth is in seoul, korea, today to talk to officials about a trip to north korea, this to try to talk the north into resuming six-nation nuclear talks. international talks stalled about a year ago. politoco reports senator chuck schumer is objecting to banks that are charging consumers with a.t.m. fees twice per transaction, a practice he calls double dipping. the new york democrat says 72% of banks charge their customers whenever they use another bank's a.t.m., even though they're already paying a fee to the bank that owns that a.t.m. messages left with banking industry groups were not immediately returned. the white house security breach at a recent state dinner is one of many, according to an internal report obtained by "the washington post." it says that the secret service has had 91 security breaches since 1980. the report has been useded by the service to analyze its vulnerabilities and update procedures. and those are some of the latest headlines on c-span radio. >> part of our live coverage today on the c-span networks includes federal reserve chairman beck

we need to start there and in china, india, south korea, the other space nations into the space stations based on that, we have an international lunar economic development authority corp., what ever it is. the u.s. says we will help you people all you want because your nation's enter international groups want to land on the moon. we do, too, but we will ride with you in your rockets and spacecraft because we will take our resources that we put into the international space station to the tune of $100 billion. we'll take our resources and establish a pathway that may take a little more than two decades. it is a pathway that will achieve more things than dedicating a return to the moon right away. >> that's a pretty aggressive plan? >> yes, it is, but there is no reason why at the international space station we cannot put a test model of the long duration and life-support equipment that we have been developing all this time. at the same time, we can develop an exploration module that will accompany o'brien on short missions. -- a companyorion -- a company orion -- accompnay orion on short m

the thing i'm really concerned about is north korea and iran.f mass destruction that could damage and do harm to the israelis and aspeus. we are looking in afghanistan and iraq, has been fighting hi}s not gotten us anywhere. i am just concerned about these countries that actually have these weapons that can do damage to our allies and us. host: ambassador neumann? guest: those are very profound concerns, and they are the reasons -- very quickly, i think is important to not mingle too many issues. i was not a great supporter of the invasion ofw3 iraq, but havg done it, the question is how you get out of it. and don't think it is quite fair to say that we have not accomplished anything. i think there is a much better chance athat iraq could evolve -- i say could, not will -- into a more stable country. but the iraqis are increasingly in charge of their own future. in afghanistan, we have accomplished quite a bit, but it has always been behind the curve. but that is problem of not -- putting not not putting -- not putting the right ingredients in.

-- to be supportive on -- eon other geopolitical areas where we need their help and iran and north korea and, et cetera and latin america, things look, europe is having a hard time and the united states is having a hard time but the question is, this, this person said, is -- you know, what happened to capitol hillism. the talk of regulation and -- capitalism, the talk of regulation and the bailouts and what not. there's a fear about where america is headed this this regard. and you see that reflected in some of our major companies too who don't like the uncertainty about health care, don't like the uncertainty about energy policy and about tax policy. and so i spoke to those who say, where is the impetus for economic growth? we don't see it. there's no impetus for investment. the administration is trying to get the private sector jump started to create jobs and get consumer spending again. so i think one of the trends and i spoke to the politician and the policy side, there's a question about role government and effectiveness of government with regard to the economy, worldwide and a lot

i told the story of my lunch le with le of south korea -- my lunch with president lee in south korea. as parents. one people are going to have to be more demanding in terms of our ability to compete. i don't want -- the last thing i want relates to the previous question. the last thing i want is us to essentially use up our seed corn here to not make investments in education, to not make our investments in clean energy. to essentially say the only way we can handle this is to constrict our dreams and to go small because these other countries out there, they are making these investments in infrastructure, in education, in clean energy. and we can't lose the race just because we're going through a tough time right now. that was the time, actually, to make sure we're prioritizing properly and pushing even farther on that front. ok, yes. >> mr. president, i am of merit medical systems. one of the overriding thoughts in our forum was that there is uncertainty that there is such an aggressive legislative agenda that people don't really know what they ought to do. in fact, onesie is he said

not in germany, japan, or south korea.ere downsized, but in the last 10 years or more, all of the bases have been going up. host: to be clear, the organization for policy studies, your organization, has an opinion on this. guest: we do. we think this is a bad use of people power, and it does not make us safer. many are angry about what these bases are doing to the environment and social conditions regarding women. so you see fights know and okinawa, in a beautiful place in italy outside an area designated an historical artistic center by unesco, a site -- i'm forgetting the name, of the renaissance artist and architect known for mansions -- palladio. the palladio mound-- mentions outside the city. and the u.s. has now negotiated against the wishes of all local population to build a second air base within 100 yards. they want a better air strip. why it has to be there, nobody can answer. but the italian government agreed under a right wing government that was allied with bush originally, and the obama has done nothing to ch

think that in the muslim world you are not going to get them to where brazil, argentina, taiwan, or korea are unless the shame class also becomes powered in the muslim world. we are looking for the solution without looking at what's the solution. i think the change is muslim world will have to come from the middle class and capitalist business sector. >> author of forces of fortune. thank you so much. >> thank you. >> here's a look at some upcomes book fairs and festivals over the next few months. >> : and then just, i just read this this afternoon. in november, this past month a couple weeks ago he was nominated i president obama to be the chairman of the broadcasting board of governors. and that's a body that runs boys of america and radio for europe and other international broadcast. run by our government. and when i felt was a really engaging introduction to american -- "american sketches." walter isaacson shares the drive that teesside since norlin to be a great writer. he was in a place where he was soaking up the atmosphere of tennessee williams and william faulkner but he was also

if we deal with russia and pakistan and korea nuclear weapons, and now going into iran.at is against united states policy. cheney should have been arrested for going against united states policy and dealing with iran. guest: the last question that was standing, i am not one to issue arrest warrants. but i can tell you during the bush administration they called in halliburton subsidiaries and told them to cut this business because of that conflict of interest that you cited. when it comes to our perception of what we can do with iran, this image of deterrence, is actually a dangerous one. a former director likes to say that the soviets and irans were different, the soviets were rationale. and i don't mean to suggest this is a consolidated regime. but there are some elements and the iranian president is part of that click that actually don't seek to avoid conflict, they seek to cause conflict. and because of the radical nature of this regime, their ideology that is expansionist, and it's only to assume that if we have nukes and they have nukes and that everyone would be ri

that i have to say as the daughter of a military veteran, 25 years, served in world war ii and in korea, i strongly support our troops. i want to thank all of who are here with us today for your sacrifices and your service. and my belief that the sacrifices made by our men and women in uniform should always be acknowledged and honored. let me just say from the get-go i think many of you may know that i opposed the war in afghanistan from day one for many reasons. but now moving ahead, many of our military national security experts agree that the presence of our troops continue to full the insurgency in afghanistan and give resonance to al qaeda recruiters around the globe. i also happen to believe that and disagree respectfully disagree with this overall prior eight-year strategy and the strategy today. i was glad to hear you respond because i was going to ask you about osama bin laden if, in fact, his capture is part of the strategy and a benchmark in terms of the success or failure of this effort. but let me ask you, how does it increasingly expand for united states troops in afghanis

so the two foreign policy issues at that moment that or at the top of the agenda were at north korea and the anti-nuclear missile defense, that was their concern, and we and our part were developing the initiative between france and the united kingdom on building up european defense. so we on the british side had enormous concern -- and this was also inherited from bill clinton, the notion of a nuclear missile defense. it does not spring from lloyd's of george w. bush. we were very worried that if the americans went gung-ho with the treaty and started dismantling some of the kyoto peace accord, this could unravel the relationship with russia and have all kinds of repercussions. then there was the anxiety that in developing the european defense initiative with the french that we had been seduced in some way by an incredibly fronting -- incredibly cunning friend that would run into a trap of undermining nato. we came up with a joint draft declaration to put these anxieties to bed, and that was finalized at camp david by the foreign policy adviser and by a rice herself. this was the top

but it is also incumbent upon all of us to insist that nations like iran and north korea do not gameannot avert their eyes when those laws are flouted. those who care for their own security cannot ignore the danger of an arms race in the middle east or east asia. those who seek peace cannot stand idly by as nations arm themselves for nuclear war. the same principle applies to those who violate international laws by brutalizing their own people. when there is genocide in darfur, systematic rape in congo, repression in burma -- there must be consequences. yes, there will be engagement, yes, there will be diplomacy -- but there must be consequences when those things fail. and the closer we stand together, the less likely we will be faced with the choice between armed intervention and complicity in oppression. this brings me to a second point -- the nature of the peace that we seek. for peace is not merely the absence of visible conflict. only a just peace based on the inherent rights and dignity of every individual can truly be lasting. it was this insight that drove drafters of the uni