for more, we're joined by kristine beckerle, the yemen and uae researcher for human rights watch. she was in yemen earlier this year. human rights watch in the associated press have just revealed the existence of a secret network of prisons in southern yemen were prisoners are tortured. we're going to begin. we are going to begin with the change, the shakeup in saudi leadership. explain the significance of the king now replacing his nephew with his son as crown prince. >> so i think when i saw the news yesterday, my first feeling was of surprise and my second feeling was of dread because my interaction with the idea of mohammed bin salman has been to the war in yemen. he was the deputy crown prince and the defense minister, so he was the official responsible for the ongoing military campaign in yemen. it is not just because he was the defense minister, but because when people talk about the war in yemen, they talk about mohammed bin salman and now he has been the driver of this war. amy: he is very young. he is 31. >> a kid, basically. when you talk about what is going on in yemen