and among those who suffered with the lakota sioux rating and trading among the upper missouri villagers. the winter town marks the winter of 1734 --dash 35 with the figure wearing an overlay of dots like those used to designate a smallpox

and among those who suffered with the lakota sioux rating and trading among the upper missouri villagers. the winter town marks the winter of 1734 --dash 35 with the figure wearing an overlay of dots like those used to designate a smallpox rash. that spiral symbol represents bellyache which was one of the symptoms, early symptoms of smallpox. we know that they traded and rated with the mandan, but no account of such an outbreak exists among the mandan people. so where else can we look? the telltale evidence may well lie buried in ghost towns like double ditch. remember, by 1600 or so the mandan at double ditch had ensconced themselves behind the 2nd fortification rate , the outermost ring that we can still see today. now, at some point the villagers contracted again, taking shelter behind the innermost ditch and palisade the cause may well have been a smallpox epidemic of 1734 to 35. double ditch in 1500 had contained a hundred and 60 homes, 2,000 people. by the mid-1700sby the mid- 17 hundreds there were just 32 homes and no more than 400 people. hunkered down inside the smallest is tha

that's this indian of the lakota sioux tribe. as i said he is the only native , american depicted on a banknote. there's a lot of controversy when this note came out because the headdress is not sioux, it's pawnee. headdress. this led to a lot of speculation about, well, is this a real indian, or is this somebody from the bureau of engraving and printing that put on the wrong bonnet? well it actually is the right , person. it is just the wrong headdress. because here is an actual photograph of this indian. again, i depicted it here, but you can also see an example of collection, so that essentially concludes what i wanted to say. i hope you've learned a little bit of history here and learned something about our financial system back when it started during the civil war days. and perhaps, most important, maybe it will stimulate some of you to start collecting some of these kinds of banknotes, so, again, i thank you for your attention. [applause] dr. smart: any questions? i can take questions. yeah. try to answer. >> [inaudible] he

the most famous cases was is still an ongoing case, the lakotas, the black hills, and -- these were sacred, these were made part of the great sioux reservation. that created great sioux reservation made up of essentially all of south dakota and some north dakota, including the black hills. in the wake of 1876 and 1877, an agreement is forced on the lakota people and the black hills are gone. this is something that was traumatic for the lakota people. in 1972, the indian claims commission decided the government owed that tribe or the taking of land. that land had the most productive gold mines, but that is not playing into it. in 1979, the court of claims upheld a ruling and added interest, that brought the award to $106 million. the lakota tribes refused to take the money, -- even today, they refuse to take the money coming even though there are people who say the land is not coming back, we need to take the settlement. due to interest as this is untouched in the treasury, the settlement is now $1 billion that the combined tribes have not taken. as you can imagine, that is a lot of money and that can eat away at people's resolve,