he's of all interest and vaccine expert at lancaster university in the u.k. . very encouraging news there. dr. murray, near what distinguishes this vaccine from rival vaccines. well, thank you very much for having me on the show. this is certainly very encouraging and more vaccines. we would have acted, would it be because then we've been having choices, but particularly speaking about the last as any cox for the vaccine it has certainly you want to do is as you've been saying before, as the story transportation of this is really a big challenge for the vaccine, particularly going into the lower and middle income countries going into the tropical countries may have the temperature meant, would be a nightmare. and on the top of it, this vaccine is very cheap compared to us. compared to madonna and $500.00, it cost only $20.00 pounds for the whole of those in the gene which is incredibly cheap or compared to the size of government or not. and then the part of the issue that any other vaccine at the moment is the skill ability. but this also shows any guy has over

let's cross over to robert coochie he's an associate professor at lancaster university joins us now via skype good to have you with us on the program obviously biden's lead in georgia will have rattled the white house do you think donald trump will concede what do you think the strategy is now for the president that sits in the white house. yeah we heard his speech about 12 hours ago where he made it clear that he thinks he's still winning and that there is fraud going on out there i don't know that we've ever seen donald trump concede to something so even if it goes 2 or 3 more weeks with court battles before we have a definitive answer here it's still going to come down to that the election was stolen at least from donald trump's perspective and that's going to matter in terms of how the house and senate operate together with a biden presidency if he does get into the white house and how local governments are going to respond how local citizens are going to respond to a biden turns presidency over 4 years that they believe that stolen has no results of concern in 2000 that that electi

many a from lancaster university where i mean, thank you. let's move on to other news. the israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu has made an unannounced visit to saudi arabia. to meet the crown prince mohammed bin salman, the head of israeli intelligence agency, mossad, and the u.s. secretary state might. pompei were also there was actually in israel just last week as well. it follows, a recent washington brokered normalization deals between israel and the u.a.e., as well as more with kerry for said his reporting from ramallah in the occupied west bank today. last time you and i spoke harry, it was the fact that this information and sort of leaked out but leaked out very quickly and now it's becoming official. oh yes, we don't have a perfectly official confirmation yet, but it, it is the kind of secret meeting that you have. if you don't really want to have a secret meeting, it seems the israelis, the saudis, and the u.s. secretary of state all said to be in this future resort town of the arm on the, on the saudi arabian red sea coast late on sunday night. now this

vaccine expert at lancaster university in the u.k. . thank you. and here are the other stories making headlines this hour. ethiopia has accused rebel forces of destroying the airport in the ancient town of axim as the 2 sides battle for control of the more than tikrit region. the o.p.'s when state deadline for the tikrit forces to lay down their arms or face an assault on the regional capital mckayla. the question trial of former french president nicolas sarkozy has been for spot on the 1st day or so concerns over the health of one of his co-defendants is the 1st time a french president has appeared in court on such serious charges. if found guilty, some cuisia could face up to 10 years in prison. a co-founder of the massively popular ice bucket challenge fund raising campaign has died at the age of $37.00. patrick quinn passed away after a 7 year battle with the rare neurological disease, a less social media campaign he has popularized. it raised some $220000000.00 for research into 3 prominent hong kong activists have been detained after pleadin

when i'm going in from lancaster university in the u.k., thank you very much for this input layer. leaders of the world's wealthiest countries have wrapped up an online summit, promising to supply affordable, covert 1000 back scenes and tests across the globe. a virtual gathering of the g. 20 group posted by saudi arabia and steve's war is that poor countries could be left behind. as the pandemic deepens, divisions between the rich and the poor. a 1st for an arab nation. hosting a summit of the leading industrial countries, even if it was a virtual gathering dominated, of course, by the pandemic. but with the environment also high on the agenda again must be for not being but in india and or used to be the g 20 should continue to take the lead in tackling climate change. we need to follow the guidance of the united nations and push for the full and effective implementation of the paris agreement on climate change. most of the leaders made the right noises about the need to protect the planet. but, in typical style, u.s., president donald trump defended his decision to pull out of t

he's of all interest and vaccine expert at lancaster university in the u.k. . very encouraging news there. dr. murray, near what distinguishes this vaccine from rival vaccines. well, thank you very much for having me on the show. this is circularity, encroaching on more vaccines. we would have acted, would you think of that of women having choices, but particularly speaking about the last as any talks for the vaccine, it has certainly i want it is as you've been saying before, as the story of transportation. and this is really a big challenge for the vaccine, particularly going into the lower and middle income countries going into the tropical countries may have the temperature meant, would be a nightmare. and on the top of it, this vaccine is very cheap compared to us. compared to modern and $500.00, it cost only $20.00 pounds for the whole of those in the gene which is incredibly cheap or compared to the size of an madonna. and then the part of the issue with any other vaccine at the moment is the skill ability. but this also shows any guy has over to plenty

well, i spoke to her ologist mohamed moneer, who's a research his research at lancaster university in the u.k. focuses on covert 19. i asked him if this is really the breakthrough breakthrough. we've all been waiting for very important question. although the data has become available for biotech, and pfizer combined vaccines, which is the 1st cumulative data that has been proposed, which is very encouraging. 95 percent efficacy. but yet the data has to be presented to the regulatory bodies for the approval of those they are trying to put that out in days. and hopefully we will have the response from the regulatory bodies that have been based because you're really it take a year to get the regular people ready approved the vaccine apprise ation. but this time it's going to be an emergency authorization, and there's absolutely bodies or looking into the data in the real term, which means that as the data generated it's being revealed so that the time can be cut short for the approval process. my anticipation is that by the middle of next month, by the summer, we will be having the emerg

more on the selection from robert good share he is an associate professor of sociology at lancaster university and editor of the trump presidency journalism and won't proceed joining us now from lancaster in the u.k. schizo have you with this let's just start with an overall view of this election it's still too close to call why do you think it's so undecided at this stage why hasn't it been cold severe look at some of the states like nevada. joe biden's ahead over 20 percent over 20000 votes. yeah you know we knew this was going to go on certainly past election night and a day or so afterward but we didn't think maybe that it was going to go so far into the week and into next week certainly even if they were to call pennsylvania that would put you know joe biden over the over the line but what we would what we would see though is still a continued contest in the courts and so even if we had a definitive mark here in the next 24 hours or so that could give some side of relief to one candidate or the other but it's going to be those court battles that are that are going on let alone you know st

that an associate professor at lancaster university great to take you inside here and on to there thanks for being with us from. des don't forget we will have live uninterrupted special coverage of the u.s. elections from $2200.00 g.m.t. right here how correspondents will be reporting from crucial states across the country will also have expert analysis and of course live reports as those results come in you can watch all of that here on al-jazeera from 22 g.m.t. who now in austria has capital at least 4 civilians have been killed and 15 others injured and what's being called a terrorist attack austria's interior minister described at least one of the attack as as myself sympathising. reports. gunshots in central vienna. several gunman opening fire at 6 locations in the austrian capital. one assailant armed with a rifle filmed walking down an alleyway and shooting a bystander. being the show so suddenly the shooting started 1st we did not know what it was but suddenly people who were sitting another scare started to run 1st we kept standing there because we didn't know what was going on

just a vaccine expert at lancaster university in the u.k. . thank you. well, despite the promising news about vaccines, an end to the crisis is still a long way off. on here in europe, the pandemic is stretching some health care systems to breaking point. here's a closer look now at how ukraine's underfunded hospitals are struggling to keep up with a surge in patient numbers. president, i knew that i'd get sick eventually. here when i got the news that i was infected, it was such a blow. i cried. i done all i could to stay safe. this place is my baby. no one ever saw me here without a mask. when i was rather critical, my name is only know. i'm a senior doctor here at the hospital in the u. bar. garden, christmas family. most of the doctors and nurses here have gone through kobe, had we had a big outbreak here in the town, which is many as 58 new patients in just one day. many of them were very ill. and i'm a neuro pathologist by training, but i had to learn how to operate a ventilator. there was no choice, a patient was dying and i didn't know what to do

statement let's get more now from robert good sure he's an associate professor of sociology at lancaster university and the editor of the trump presidency journalism and democracy thank you for joining us again from lancaster in the u.k. let's just start with this election it's been 4 days now it keeps dragging on when do you think it will be cold i either for joe biden or for donald trump. well certainly we were hoping for something sooner than this but i think we're going to learn more in the next 24 hours from possibly pennsylvania possibly from georgia nevada had had delayed a bit and so. but even even if we have those numbers unless it's well over to 70 for joe biden we're not going to expect donald trump to concede we're not going to think that he's going to step back and say you know i lost this election it's going to be even more fodder for him to say that the election was stolen but that the further we get over to 70 for either candidate but certainly for joe biden said we much harder for donald trump to really say there's a legal case here for him to continue to contest these these these

mohamed merah of rolla, just a vaccine expert at lancaster university in the u.k. . thank you. well, germany is also optimistic about its timeline for coronavirus vaccinations. the country's health minister now says vaccination centers could be ready by mid december. the minister stressed the importance of cooperating with multiple vaccine developers. and meanwhile, the government is in talks about how to stop the virus from spreading even more over the upcoming holiday period. a glimmer of hope in germany defer score on our virus vaccinations could take place within weeks. we want to quickly begin to offer back to nations as soon as a vaccine is available. unless there's a reason to believe that we can start at the latest at the beginning of next year. maybe already at the end of this year. and that is in the i was, vaccinations will be rolled out in 2 stages, starting was vulnerable. people. the need is urgent. the latest partial lockdown has failed to cut infections. though it has trouble lies the daily rate. we have not yet managed to bring the numbers factual lower level.

i was still a long road ahead, but a collective crossing of the many of perilous at lancaster university. thanks very much. thanks for having germany has recorded its highest number of daily coronavirus cases. more than 23 and a half 1000 new infections have been confirmed in the last 24 hours. robert cock institute for infectious diseases reports that 880000 people across the country have now contracted covert line tain. the rise comes as germany continues to battle, the virus with partial lockdowns tougher restrictions could be put in place when chancellor angela merkel meets with the heads of the federal states next week. as a big army says it has entered at the 1st of 3 districts to be handed back by amin year as part of a contentious peace accord. the agreement was brokered by russia and ended weeks of fighting over the disputed region in and around nagorno-karabakh. that area is marked here in red on the map. now it's a region inside as of the shabat populated by ethnic main eons of control the territory and the surrounding areas for decades. but in september, forces started an off

management is a volunteer at lancaster university. he says, more research needs to be done on the vaccines f.o.c. . certainly the research story because again, but those are confusing and require quite a lot of interpretation before we can count on to this or so that make a vaccine. particularly because the data has become only available either through the press releases or through the newspapers onto the, the original that is not available. it would be really hard to pin down independent opinions. but having said that, the, that the manufacturer has made and the trial was carried on is certainly something really concerning because half of those could have gone into double those that you've heard. i recall some volunteer recruitment resident that was in the trial. that is certainly our concern, and one of the problem is that the law, those regime has been only in a very small number of people, 2800 people, and none of them is over 55 years old. so this put a question mark, even if it is a 90 percent, fact 90 percent effective, mid low

now let's get some reaction from dr robert gates he joins us he's from lancaster university department of sociology and also author of the trump presidency journalism and democracy so we appreciate your thoughts a softening thanks for coming on robert firstly all the poems were expecting i wouldn't say an easy win but biden when we're not saying that is that surprised you . well you're absolutely right i mean the pollsters you know up until earlier this week so for sure this was going to be maybe not a landslide but a very definitive win a for joe biden side thought that it was going to be a definitive win for donald trump so what is surprising here to a lot of people is that it is so close of an election that despite all that you just showed on the screen and that that we know about has been going on in the last 4 years in the united states that people want more of that is surprising to 2 not just pollsters and journalists but to some average citizens that what we've been seeing on the streets of the united states is the way we want american democracy to look for the next 4 years what

right let's take this on further let's speak to robert gucci who is an associate professor at lancaster university also authored the book the trump presidency journalism and democracy joins us now robert welcome to the program so we've heard the respective visions in your view thank you how will it play out. well though that's great that you outlined those visions i wonder if the average american could do the same thing especially if they're standing in line to cast a ballot for 8 hours or did all of the work to overcome the logistical nightmare that voting has been during this election. a lot of this comes down to the visceral reaction they hear when they hear the names of biden or trump either biden going back to the brock obama days when conservatives felt like they weren't being heard potentially and donald trump where conservatives have have a voice on capitol hill and then the reverse is you know fear when they hear donald trump or aspects of hope so i don't know if the average american could do what you just did which is to put down what the policies are for the next 4 years and if they're

for more on this are now joined by mohammed who is a very well it is an vaccine expert at lancaster university in the u.k. . so another vaccine that could be 90 percent effective against covered 19, but developers say that read that rate of effectiveness requires unusual dozing to achieve why is that? so yeah, well thank you very much for having me on the show. i think this is certainly a great he was on his own. one of the reason that astra zeneca vaccine is different from modern and that is that it's based on a factor vaccine. so basically the chimpanzee out in the wild is big, but common ground, that is a lot of it is one of those high protein of the corner wires. and when it is injected into the body body, sense that and produce the antibodies as abilities, the responses are them, are critical to protect the person from infection. so one thing that is really critical here is that the building regime is a little different because our in most part of the board, we have it on 7 to 10 percent people already having antibodies against it. i don't know what is so out of besides reason for differe

for more on this, i'm now joined by mohamed munoz volage islam vaccine expert at lancaster university in the u.k. . so another vaccine that can be 90 percent effective against covert 19. but developers say that read that great effect of this requires on the usual dozing to achieve why is that so yeah, well thank you very much for having me on the show. i think this is certainly a great he was on his own. one of the reason that astra zeneca vaccine is different from modern and that is that it's based on a vector, a vaccine. so basically the chimpanzee, i don't know, what is it, but common ground that is loaded with one of the spy protein of the corner wires and monitors injected into the body body, sense that and produce the antibodies as abilities the responses, both are them, are critical to protect the person from infection. so one thing that is really critical here is that the dozing regime is a little different because our in most part of the board, we have it on 7 to 10 percent. people already having antibodies against it. i don't know what is so out of the sides. reason for diff

from lancaster university. the germans are being warned coronavirus restrictions put in place earlier this month probably want to be ease in time for the holiday season. chancellor angela merkel told parliament the measures are likely to remain into the new year. as chief of staff has said, they may extend even longer, possibly march bars and restaurants are closed, but schools and some shops remain open. masks will be mandatory in busy public areas. that's bringing dominic cain in berlin for us. so dominic, not good news from chancellor merkel. what have been the reactions not good news in so far as the measures that she in the federal government and the state governments agreed on last night's that. the lockdown that's been in place, which is a life form of locked and relative to the one was imposed when the pandemic 1st started. well, this life's a long time will extend right up to just before christmas. and then during the christmas period, it will be loose and ever so slightly. but the very clear suggestio

i can discuss this further with dr dan prince who's a senior lecturer in cyber security at lancaster university this country, particularly the cyber threat. where do you see these threats is coming from especially? there is a broad range of threat actors that are really targeting the uk. so, anything from criminal gangs, and we are also seeing a number of reports around nation state attacks, and earlier this year, we have seen the ncs e come out and identify a number of those nation states. so there is a real interest in targeting and influencing people within nations, and even now, when you look at the current times, in terms of covid, where everyone has necessarily moved on to being digital, working from home, we have seen a significant increase in cyber attacks on individuals and organisations, trying to take advantage of a potential lack of understanding and people working from home and using these new digital technologies. people working from home and using these new digitaltechnologies. so because of the increased use of new digital technology, so many people working from home, this kind

dr muhammad munir is a virologist at lancaster university and joins me now.nse of optimism? yes, ido you share that sense of optimism? yes, i do because this is really encouraging. as been said before, it has boosted our optimism and this is a good start we will have a vaccine because pfizer and madonna have the same technologies and they have been performing at a comparative level. i am very excited to hear about the whole data. from what we know what are the main differences between those two vaccinations? both pfizer and madonna magazines are based on mrna vaccines. they take the genetic code into a carrier and injected into the cell and within the cell they produce the protein of the virus and that is what our body ta kes virus and that is what our body takes up and starts producing antibodies and t cells together to create resistance to infection. both are based on the same principle but they have some differences which make one vaccine more stable at a higher temperature. 0ne make one vaccine more stable at a higher temperature. one can be stored at —20

pankhania from the university of exeter medical school and dr muhammad munir, a virologist at lancaster universityand then expose them to normal living conditions. in other words, then expose them to normal living conditions. in otherwords, go then expose them to normal living conditions. in other words, go out and about and do your normal work. that is why some of the vaccines have been tried in countries like india, the united states and brazil where they have had lots of cases, so where they have had lots of cases, so that is where you are replicating potential exposure to the virus from other infectious people. that would bea other infectious people. that would be a good way to do it and that is how it is being done.” be a good way to do it and that is how it is being done. i will move to our second question simply because i am told we have had a lot of people asking variants on this question. this is from cathy who is talking about whether the vaccine is safe for immune compromised patients. she says, as a group, we can‘t safely ta ke says, as a group, we can‘t safely take a live vaccine. we

well, for more, i'm joined by mohammed many as a very, just at lancaster university in the u.k. . and his research lab focuses on covert. 9 tain documented. thanks for joining us . tell us, is this really the breakthrough breakthrough? we've all been hoping for in this pandemic. i think this is incredible news because if you can, we call start from the beginning of this year. we were having was about to then the previous day and having such a great new direction that is exceeding the expectation there will be available very soon. i think this is a watershed moment. yes, we all remember that quite well. now when do you think we can expect the vaccine to be able to be distributed? very important question. although the data has become available for biotech and pfizer combined vaccine, which is the 1st cumulative that about has been posed, which is very encouraging. 95 percent of it. but yet the data has to be presented to the regulatory bodies for the approval. although they are trying to put that out in days, and hopefully we will have the response from the regulatory bodies, but th

he's of our ologist and vaccine expert at lancaster university in the u.k. . very encouraging news there. dr. murray niro, what distinguishes this vaccine from rival vaccines? well, thank you very much for having me on the show. this is circularity encroaching on more vaccines. we would have acted, would it be because then we would have a choices. but particularly speaking about the cost as any cost for the vaccine it does certainly you want to do is as you've been saying before, as the story of transportation. and this is really a big challenge for the vaccine, particularly going into the lower and middle income countries. we need to be tropical countries where the temperature meant would be a nightmare. and on the top of it, this vaccine is very cheap compared to us. compared to madonna and $500.00. it cost only $20.00 pounds for the whole dozing regime, which is incredibly cheaper compared to the size of an madonna. and then the part of the issue with any other vaccine at the moment is the skill ability. but this also shows any guy has over to plenty of dif

for more on this, i'm now joined by muhammad, who is a very religious and vaccine expert at lancaster university in the u.k. . so another vaccine that can be 90 percent effective against covered 19, but developers say that read that great of a victim is requires under usual dozing to achieve why is that? so yeah, well thank you very much for having me on the show. i think this is certainly a great he was on his own. one of the reason that astra zeneca vaccine is different from modern and that is that it's based on a factor vaccine. so basically the chimpanzee out in the wild is because common ground. that is, a lot of it, one of the spy protein of the color white is unmanaged. is injected into the body body, sense that and produce the antibodies as abilities the responses are them, are critical to protect the person from infection. so one thing that is really critical here is that the dozing regime is a little different because our in most part of the board. 'd we have, i don't 7 to 10 percent people already having antibodies against it. i don't know what is so out of besides reason for differen