in the united kingdom and the name the lancet is named after the device, the little hollow tube you would take blood from. so leading medical journal today was called the lancet with regards to blood letting. 1916 two years before this great flew pandemic. there was another pandemic, another epidemic, excuse me, in some of the military camps in great britain and the doctors had tried everything, including, they said, including blood letting. so it was in 1916 now, this was the lifetime of my own grandfather. in 1916 physicians were trying blood letting on these poor patients and of course, it doesn't work, but the physicians said, well, it didn't work, but we think that it didn't work because we tried it too late. and had we tried blood letting a little bit sooner in the clinical care of these soldiers, that maybe it worked and then there were reports in 1918, the height of the epidemic and blood letting and the reports were sometimes blood letting works for influenza. so you can see it wasn't the enemas that got you, the blood letting might get you and it was really quite a nasty a

mask this works there's no doubt about the editor of the peer reviewed british medical journal the lancet says the response here in britain was wrong and that the outbreak has been entirely preventable what did you make of what you were hearing from britain when the chief scientific science advisor here's a patrick vallance who formerly worked at j.f.k. said herd immunity is the path to go down we now know that entails the deaths of quarter of a 1000000 people if you are already in a situation in which it's a cold muni acquired the only way that we need it to do is a tool up for conduct this is a general principle and it's i just see this to our all white cotton docked we're getting reports of a lack of testing kits of protective again for frontline medical staff here in london the epicenter of the pandemic in britain how can we learn from what happened in italy where thousands died about the need for testing which of course the world health organization has advised britain to get a move on with according to the level of it yannick you must concentrate on testing or rather just food to ea

they are new in themselves but the substance of what they're saying is precisely what the lancet was saying 2 months ago is precisely what nassim taleb and i have been saying for weeks on end a back of an envelope calculation shows that hundreds of thousands are at risk from this virus if you let it hit most of the population do the same and data brokers are the main broadcaster in this country is wrong about the science having changed the problem with the b.b.c. coverage is that they've been and the i.t.v. coverage is that they've been far too deferential towards the state they've said things like for example well boris johnson is for only following the scientific advice because of course he goes out there flanked by the chief medical officer and the chief scientific adviser but that doesn't mean they're making the policy the policy was very influenced for example by the knowledge of psychology unit that is close to 10 downing street who were saying look you're not going to be able to convince people to. socially isolate the long periods of time therefore you've got to wait before y

you know i'm sure, you know, that was the data that came out of lancet. i'm sure dr. oz thought about that before he said that that is obviously a big one. but these are the questions that will have to be decide. when we reopen, jake, i don't think we will get to the point where we say we are absolutely free and clear. we can guarantee no one will get infected, sick, no one might sadly die after we reopen. the virus is still out there, it's still circulating. until we have a vaccine, this will be these constant tradeoffs we are making. >> it does seem to a lot of experts that i have spoken with, that the united states for the most part citizens, governors, et cetera, president trump, pushing for it as well in terms of the social distancing guidelines staying at home in some places, and that it has been to a degree successful. the curve is being flattened. but that doesn't mean, according to these health experts, that all of a sudden we say, okay, it's worked. we have avoided the worst. and we rushed back to work, because we still don't have the testing capacity and if

now earlier this week we had a pipe that was published in the lancet a scientific journal and it was written by a group of scientists at the health department public health department at the hong kong university and they questioned china's numbers and then modeling and they said that more than 232000 people might have been infected in china's 1st wave of this particular crowd of us outright that this is actually 4 times higher than the what china actually officially reported china said on february 5th they said 55000 cases of the crowd a virus infection were ported in what had in the early days now the latest number of cases we have coming out of china we've got $83000.00 cases of infection of course that's very low when you compare them to the lights of the united states and parts of europe. the world health organization says there's no scientific evidence yet that those who recover from cave in 1000 develop immunity to the virus. is also warning against issuing immunity certificates for those who recover from the illness several countries are considering handing out so-called healt

modeling of the numbers that are coming out of china we had a university pipe that was published in the lancet journal that was early this week it was written by a hong kong university's school of public health and they questioned at china's numbers they've reported in their particular document that more than 232000 people have been infected with a crowd of us in the 1st wave of the infections in china and that's 4 times more than what china said body the national health commission back in back in 55th that this is they reported 55000 jobs a very big difference between those particular figures the latest numbers we got coming out of china 83000 cases of cried a virus and that's also low when you compare them to the likes of europe or parts of europe and north america and now a number of countries are also questioning or looking for an investigation into the outbreak or the origin of this particular outbreak in china and we've got the likes of the united kingdom is even dropped china's numbers in the international compare comparisons simply because they say they say they can't trust the figures

or if they're just an exercise in kind of real time narrative crafting and smoothing their for the lancet richard horton who will get back to later even called them a shirat at one point the u.k. government declares it is transparent i think arguably the fact it has daily press conferences every day shows that at least part of the problem lies in the limitations of the kind of social distancing technology like journalists limited in sustained questioning even though the government have now allowed journalists to ask follow up questions are allowed one follow up question it's kind of a stilted back and forth i know that you know very well the limitations of trying to pin someone down over skype but there's another thing the even casual observers have commented on and that the government ministers seem to be deflecting tough questions the medical professionals who kind of flank them at these press conferences and the skeptics in the press comes as essentially as a front makes the government look transparent and science led without actually having to face the difficult scrutiny that would be

as you know, there was an open letter published in one of the most prestigious medical journals, lancetsaying china had done a remarkable job in pushing back the virus. china had shared the genome of the virus as soon as it decoded it on january 12th. and frankly, on january 23rd, when the chinese shut down an entire province, two days before chinese new year, you could not have given a louder signal to the world that something had gone fundamentally wrong and bad in china because it's like closing up america two days before thanksgiving. so there were a lot of warnings out there. but i can also say as a matter of fact that many countries did not understand or anticipate what was coming. i believe that if you approach china without insulting them, without blaming them, i'm confident that they want to cooperate with the rest of the world. china loses as much as all of us do. there are 330 million in america, 1.4 billion in china. 6 billion in the rest of the world, we're all terrified of this virus. we all want to work together. so i think this is the moment to work together with china,

we do believe we need to do other medications in addition to remdesivir. >> what about the lancet study that elizabeth just told us about in herpes, th -- her piec it didn't look promising. >> it was a study done in china. but they were only looking at in their region. they didn't do enough to make a conclusion. that was the one great advantage that the nih study has. thanks to the leaders putting this together, we enrolled patients of all ethnicities and all regions of the world that these answers will be more meaningful down the road. >> it's interesting. over the last 24 hours, i've heard remdesivir compared to tamiflu in terms of what it can do to someone sick, the idea that it reduces the time you're sick. it doesn't heal you, but makes what you're suffering better. you also mentioned azt in treating hiv in the '90s. it was the first thing shown to have any impact on the virus. what about these comparisons, what do people need to know? >> i think those are pretty good comparisons. you remember the days in hiv, we were lost in the wilderness. we had no idea what would work for years

your chapter of the lancet. who was the museum with these are so amazing. who those who didn't but were also well gosh we're not among our burdened with your . blue cooks they can push those who are good the other more go cook. who are those who do look newcomb used to think it was through the ups. of the of the group the other member of increasingly. popular. opinion. you you. you. it's there not just to. the minute i mean. that others are but that's good news because to get you to shift it to the to. be. translated should ask you see of the positive man's good high to assist us in our thought that you can go to be given a bit. but all. the people must sing and i think in the. people in the. iranian. capital level but. i want without my blood the bleakest of it but. it would get back at the. bad stomach that could lead you to listen to the beatles most of those of. us then you thought that they were of the blood of the you. know and the good feeling in your book. that. you. i think it's about it's about. time for. a little bit in your book to sort of if yo

your chapter of the lancet. was the museum with the amenities of. who those who didn't but were also locals one on one burdened with yourself. who cooks they could push those who are good the other nobody would go cook. was or who are those who do look newcomb used to think it was looks. as though they grew to be a little bit of. those who. came . up. to. 50. didn't. really mean anything to. me. to. play a game playing. it's the last. minute but the colombian. letters are but that's good news because to get you to ship it to the to. be. translated should us not just the other deposits that means get our minds passes us no other thought that you can get that are going to be given the big news . but of. the people must be on i think many. people in the. email me. have an alibi that. i want to put out my i'm glad to only give us a bit about. it we get back at the daily. bad stomach to continue to listen to the people's most and there's no. such thing you thought that they were of the blood of the you. know and the good feeling in your book. that. you.

your chapter of the lancet. who was the museum with these are so amazing. who those who didn't but were also locals were not among their bird was the only solution. to cook's they could push those who are good the other more go cook. who are those who do look newcomb used to the single witness to the ups. of the of the group the other member of the increasingly. popular. opinion. you. mean. it's the last. good minute i mean. that there should be good news because to beat the shit in the guts. it was. translated showed us not just the of the positive manner that our minds must us and our thought that you can't go to the given that we. would but of. the people must be alone i think and the. people in the. email me. have an alibi that. i want without my i'm glad the only gives a bit about. it we get back at the daily. bad stomach that could lead you to listen to the beatles most of the snow. which they knew that they were of the blood they are. now on the good feeling in the book in that. i think it's about it's about. time for. a little bit in your book to so

skepticism about the data coming out of china earlier this week we had a pipe that was published in the lancet a scientific journal and it was written by a group of scientists at the health department public health department at the hong kong university and they questioned china's numbers and their modeling and they said that more than 232000 people might have been infected in china's 1st wave of this particular crowd of us out back that this is actually 4 times higher than the what china actually officially reported china said on february 5th they said $55000.00 cases of the crowd a virus infection we're reporting more had in the early days now the latest number of cases we have coming out of china we've got 83000 cases of infection of course that's very low when you compare them to the lights of the united states and parts of europe. india has begun easing its nationwide locked on some of the small neighborhood stores relied upon by the country's 1300000000 people are being allowed to reopen a large malls are still closed an island wide curfew has been reimposed in sri lanka until monday at

medical journal the lancet centers of caution that governments must have a deep understanding of antibodies and while they were in relation to the virus the experts say there is no certainty that bodies will give protection against the disease or how long they might last and as joined by one of the authors of the lancet article and professor of immunology at imperial college downey and he told me that different types in amounts of immunity cells and antibodies need to be studied we desperately need antibody casting in general so you know scientists talk about 0 prevalence that's measuring antibodies in the population as widely as possible to understand who's seen as far as you have them and better we all think all over the world is desperately important and we're all scrambling for data because if we haven't got that data you know we haven't got a clue how widely the viruses spread how wide herd immunity is so that's that's one point that's not quite the same as whether there is there are you in the future in some kind of an antibody passport to say only the individual level who safe to go

the study in the lancet suggested maybe it helps people with moderate disease but less so than people with severe, critical disease. i think as we see the bigger spectrum of the 1,000 patients and map it to the kinds of disease that we're in, we'll have a little bit more information about how best to use it. it may very well be, i worry, that people with critical and severe disease will not benefit from it. >> let's listen to dr. fauci. let hear him in his own words assess what he saw in this yesterday. >> although at 31% improvement doesn't seem like a knockout, 100%. it is a very important proof of concept. because what it has proven is that a drug can block this virus. >> dr. faust, can you explain that? how did it prove that the drug can block the virus? >> whatst saying there is there has to be some reason why these patients were able to go home sooner. he's suggesting that the mechanism that we know about in the laboratory or under the microscope or with biochemical as says means something to patients, they can go home sooner. also, for whom does it work? because there's a very

richard horton, editor-in-chief of the lancet medical journal tweeted -- "president trump's decision to defund who is simply this -- a crime against humanity. every scientist, every health worker, every citizen must resist and rebel against this appalling betrayal of global solidarity." the united states reported 2228 people died of covid-19 on tuesdaday, the highest one-day death toll for anyny nation. here in new york, cicity officis have revised the death toll since the start of the pandemic to more than 10,000, adding in nearly 400000 previoiously-unreported deaths presumed to be caused by the coronavirus. about one in 800 new york city reresidents has died of thee disease. on tuesdayay, new york'ss metropolitan transportation authority agreed to a union demand for covid-19 death benefits. beneficiaries of transit workers who die of the virus will receive $500,000 and three years' worth of health care benefits. at least 59 new york city subway and bus workers have died of covid-19 so far, with more than 2200 testing positive. new jersey reported 365 coronavirus deaths tuesday, a

is named after the device that you would take blood from, the medical journal today's call the lancet. in the report mentions in 1916, two years before the flu pandemic, there was another pandemic, another epidemic in some of the military camps in great britain and the doctors tried everything including bloodletting, so it was 1916, this is the lifetime of my grandfather and in 1916 physicians were trying bloodletting on these poor patients and of course it did not work but the physician said it did not work but we think but it didn't work because we tried it too late. had we tried bloodletting a little sooner into curving soldiers, that maybe it worked, there were reports in 1918, the height of the epidemic of bloodletting and in fact the reports were sometimes bloodletting works for influenza. so you can see if it was not the enemas that got you the bloodletting might get you and it was really quite an austere rate of medicines that we had to try to treat this. we saw earlier in ad for concoction and we said it was a useful drug for malaria but useless as a treatment for flu. becaus

a paper, published in the medical journal the lancet today has highlighted what is known and not knownstanding the nature of immunity is key to developing successful treatments and vaccines as well as helping governments decide on the way various lockdowns might be relaxed. our science correspondent rebecca morelle has been investigating. it's the virus that has mobilised the world's scientists. and a majorfocus now is how the immune system responds to it, because understanding this could help us to stop covid—19 spread. and the big question is, if you've had the virus, are you immune or can you catch it again? how does immunity work? the coronavirus is covered in spikes which allow it to dock onto a structure on the surface of our cells. it is like a key opening up a lock, so the virus can enter and infect the cell. to fight this off, we produce antibodies. these block the spike. it is like a cap covering the key. it means the virus cannot get in and replicate, so eventually it is killed off. the antibodies, though, stick around. the idea is if the virus comes back, they can rally an

just published by the lancet, people 60 and older without pre-existing conditions, their chance of surviving covid is 95%. more good news worldwide. over 193,000 people have recovered so far. >> so people are getting better from this. always important to point out. jen, thank you. >>> when we come back, the actor from "star wars" andd of corona. in a moment. proof i can fight psoriatic arthritis... ...with humira. proof of less joint pain... ar skin in psa. humira targets and blocks a source of inflammation that contributes to joint pain and irreversible damage. humira can lower your ability to fight infections. serious and sometimes fatal infections, including tuberculosis, and cancers, including lymphoma, have happened, as have blood, liver, and nervous system problems, serious allergic reactions, and new or worsening heart failure. tell your doctor if you've been to areas where certain fungal infections are common and if you've had tb, hepatitis b, are prone to infections, or have flu-like symptoms or sores. don't start humira if you have an infection. humira is proven to help stop furthe

. >> reporter: a smaller chinese study published in the medical journal "the lancet" today was less conclusiveut remedesavir's overall benefit, but did confirm faster recovery in patients who received earlier treatment. >> now, we have a weapon. >> reporter: cbs news medical contributor dr. david agus. >> for the first time, i can say we are on offense rather than defense because we literally have been on defense. >> reporter: the stock market pushed higher on the news led by remedesavir's maker, gilead, and pfizer, which announced today a but front-line testing is still the key to stopping the virus' spread. the 1.5 million conducted last week in the u.s. is far short of the minimum 3.5 million a week needed, according to a harvard report. but testing for covid-19 antibodies is expanding. in new york city, they're now available in walk-in urgent cares. meest diagnostics chief medical doctor jay wohlgemuth says people can now buy their tests online. online. >> we have antibody data available around the country at scale, and that data is going to be really useful as we think about opening up. >

and doctor richard horton is editor in chief of the independent international medical journal the lancets a doctor and has worked at the united nations on health, human rights and with refugees. welcome to you both and welcome to our questioners who are joining us from all over the world. i am clapping them because i am sure you are at home as well. let's take our first question and that is david in new york. david, your question, please. with the meat market in china suspected to be the source of the coronavirus how can we close these down? did the world health organization drop the ball on the initial spread of the coronavirus in china? helle thorning—schmidt, what is your answer? this question is something everyone is asking right now. looking at the kind of market that caused this in china, i have no doubt that after this we will have to have new regulations, regulating these kind of markets, not only in china, but in many places. we will have new regulations and i am hoping that the who can be leading in actually getting the regulation for stopping this kind of trade and in these ki

a new study in the lancet just published using remdesivir showed no significant effect.nih study finding is encouraging. many disease experts find it promising. but international clinical trials are definitely ongoing. >> so, encouraging but we still need more research in the months to come. jen, thank you. >>> when we come back, the very welcome image from tom hanks. recovered, and what he's doing now. >>> and we promised to follow the food from the farms to those who need it. wait until you see this. d it. wait until you see this. thingy for you. but now, there's the dell technologies cloud, powered by vmware. a single hub for a consistent operating experience across all your clouds. that should clear things up. i don't have to worry about that, do i?are irritated. harmful bacteria lurk just below the gum line. crest gum detoxify, voted product of the year. it works below the gum line to neutralize harmful plaque bacteria and help reverse early gum damage. gum detoxify, from crest. open. remember having that feeling for the first time? the first day you opened. the fir

this should be compared with a study that has just come out in the lancet, from china, which also showedling it down into the statistical level because they had problems at that stage because the number of cases were declining so quickly they had trouble recruiting enough patients. cautious optimism. are we talking about something that might save the lives of people who might die from coronavirus or that would help with the recovery, make the recovery faster? we need more work on that. the headline figures, a drop of mortality from the control arm ii.6% to 8.7% for those who received remdesivir. that is a reduction. we still more work to know if that will translate into a significant impact. it also needs to look at what patients it works best on. we know from lots of studies of infectious diseases that some treatments can depend on the time during the course of the disease at which they are given. as we learn more, we can see where they can be given earlier or later. with reference to your previous segment the discovery think that may be able to save lives is something that gives us rea

a research paper published in the medicaljournal the lancet has highlighted what is known and not knowns. understanding the nature of immunity is key to developing successful treatments and vaccines as well as helping governments decide on the way various lockdowns might be relaxed. our science correspondent rebecca morelle has been investigating. it's the virus that has mobilised the world's scientists. and a majorfocus now is how the immune system responds to it, because understanding this could help us to stop covid—19's spread. and the big question is, if you've had the virus, are you immune 01’ can you catch it again? how does immunity work? the coronavirus is covered in spikes which allow it to dock onto a structure on the surface of our cells. it's like a key opening up a lock, so the virus can enter and infect the cell. to fight this off, we produce antibodies. these block the spike. it's like a cap covering the key. it means the virus can't get in and replicate, so eventually it's killed off. the antibodies, though, stick around. the idea is if the virus comes back, they can ra

1000 infections just over 50 deaths if fishel figures are to be believed in march an article in the lancet medical journal as debated that egypt has thousands of unreported cases. a familiar scenario in egypt to appoint the army to the rescue in a crisis as a fighting an enemy the government's polished message is everything's under control . the country looks scoured museums mosques and schools are closed so is the airport a nightly curfew takes effect at 7 in the evening tourism has collapsed president abdel fattah el-sisi has promised billions in aid to egypt sions and ordered them to stay home only it was a different story back in february a t.v. station closely aligned with the government was joking about the coronavirus this spoof was an interview with a friendly contagion tourism along the nile and in looks or were still in high gear until mid march cases of infection including those among german tourists were considered outliers no one thought egypt was at risk. until now the streets of the packed as ever many buses too despite the rising infection rate shops have been open busy as

there should be compared with a study that has just come out in the lancet, from china, which also showedling it down into the statistical level because they had problems at that stage because the number of cases were declining so weekly they had trouble recruiting patients. cautious optimism. are we talking about something that might save the lives of people who might die from coronavirus or that would help with the recovery, make the recovery faster? we need more work on that. the headline figures, a drop of mortality from 11.6% to 8.7% for those who received remdesivir. that isa who received remdesivir. that is a reduction. we still more work to see if that will translate into an impact. it also needs to look at what patients it works best on. we know from lots of studies of infectious diseases that some treatments can depend on the time during the course of the disease at which they are given. as we line more —— learn more, we can see where they can be given earlier or later. with prince to your previous second —— reference, the discovery think that may be able to save lives is someth

a paper published in the medical journal the lancet today has highlighted what is known and not knownen infected with coronavirus. understanding the nature of immunity is key to developing successful treatments and vaccines, as well as helping governments decide on the way various lockdowns might be relaxed. 0ur science correspondent rebecca morelle has been investigating. it's the virus that has mobilised the world's scientists. and a majorfocus now is how the immune system responds to it, because understanding this could help us to stop covid—19 spread. and the big question is, if you've had the virus, are you immune or can you catch it again? how does immunity work? the coronavirus is covered in spikes which allow it to dock onto a structure on the surface of our cells. it is like a key opening up a lock, so the virus can enter and infect the cell. to fight this off, we produce antibodies. these block the spike. it is like a cap covering the key. it means the virus cannot get in and replicate, so eventually it is killed off. the antibodies, though, stick around. the idea is if the

but when you have the editor of the lancet saying that lives could be saved, even if it was not a lockdowncing, if people had been warned earlier. we saw last week graphs showing countries that states locked down sooner and longer having better results. the other issue is, when do you come out of lockdown? the criticism we heard from first minister nicola sturgeon saying, let's have a grown—up conversation and discuss how we are going to come out of this lockdown. but government ministers here are being criticised for treating people as children. people are saying, listen, as individuals, we are being asked to do a lot. in exchange for that, we would like more information from the government. this will go on for a long time. and people looking at this any more systematic way, what could be done? what could be done differently? mina, on lifting lockdowns, different countries are at different points on this journey, but there are some who are slightly ahead, whose numbers are falling in terms of both infections and deaths and who are thinking about lifting the restrictions. do they offer exa

friday they will be clearing away from the eastern seaboard pulling away from the carolinas middle lancet states still some showers spells of rain up towards new jersey new york into new england brought the skies come back in behind but you will see some showers there just lingering around the central plains wanted to show as to just around the northern plains into central parts of canada over towards the west coast and so on the warm side there for l.a. getting up to 34 degrees and pleasant sunshine coming through here and he continues as we go on into saturday there is a fire risk we could do with some wet weather weather is going to be up the pacific northwest the western side of canada meanwhile as we go on into saturday we will see that wetter weather pushing across the northern plains. the midwest is dry and fine by the end of the day they're just around the eastern seaboard there will be want to see showers along the spells of fright into the caribbean from time to time but for the most part it is fun and dry with more in the way of sunshine and showers. desperate for a better life

russia china has recorded more than 83000 cases of the virus but a study published in the journal lancet says the numbers could be 4 times higher if they are just presenting with cold symptoms at a time of winter in china then they simply would have got infected so i had the code maybe being diagnosed with having a cold or pneumonia like symptoms and then gotten better 85 percent of cases singapore now has the highest corona virus infection right in asia it's reported another spike in its daily cases the majority of new infections a migrant workers living in crowded dormitories medical teams have been deployed to step up testing and health checks and the government has extended the nationwide lockdown until june but a singapore totnes its quarantine measures vietnam is starting to lift its restrictions the streets in hanoi are still empty but some shops are reopening for business with the health authority there reporting no new cases this week. i observe that the government's decision in strategy are very well thought out and logical and in recent days the outbreak has been pushed back i

here for information about the realities of covert 19 or go to the lancet so yes there are tools you make a great point in the piece that it's not and i'm not for censorship but i want to make that plain i know you're not talking about censorship either want to make that clear to the folks but you make a point that it's not enough to if you could like and someone says the world's ending tomorrow it's not enough to just wipe that on. a and get rid of it you need to present some kind of alternative to it because if it disappears then people who did see it come away with that impression and they you know they don't see it anymore and it's only going to make the misinformation and disinformation seem more real to them you know actually i coined a term called digital half life i actually wrote on it so if you think that the half life of uranium 238 is like 5000000000 years when somebody is left with an impression on social media and the standard take down what the social media companies louisville just remove it well they were already exposed to the virus the contagion of this information

rather than lancet on the testing is that the security of. going to finish it didn't lead to trouble if they were tech you know he was a great basketball player did anybody know that he was a little on the short side for the n.b.a. but he was talented he he want to game i read this or he won a game that was unwinnable against a great team and his whole team said we can't beat this team and he won and they won the game right it was a couple of years ago for a few years ago they had never changes the attitude never changes could i have stuck it out yes please i know you love being up you have a purpose that is like pulling teeth but you are the dentist. i want to hit you with everything that's coming along better a lot of people who are watching television today heard from out a researcher named dr jonica grendel has come up with a potential antibody therapy that he has given to you sam rid want to know if you know what you think about this or you might be able to tell people at home about it you've seen it you know john i don't know specifical

i want to note that this should be compared with a study which has just come out in the lancet, whichmilar results, but they had difficulty actually nailing it down into the statistical level because they had problems, at that stage, because the numbers of cases were declining so quickly that they had trouble recruiting enough patients. so i would sound a note of cautious optimism. this is definitely a good thing. and as far as you can tell, are we talking about something that might save the lives of people who might othewise die from coronavirus, or something that will help the recovery of people who are probably going to get better anyway, but make the recovery faster? we need more work on that. the headline figures are a drop of mortality from the control arm, who did not receive it, from 11.6% to 8% in the arm that did receive remdesivir. so that is a reduction. we still more work to know whether or not that's actually going to translate into a really significant impact. the other thing we need to do is we need to study exactly which patients it works best in. the chinese study i