taking native american lands. this is an hour and 15 minutes. in the legal order. >> look at applause for a second selling this class to what we did last time. last summer talking about federalism and particularly the balance of power between states and for cavities. people talk about federally something usually used the term to refer to the balance of power between the federal government and states, that summary talking about debates between states and a local level power. there's more to be that the federal level and everything they were much more contentious because so much governing authority was actually located in the states a little cavities. we were talking about was in a system of later authority where states have control over the rights of citizens in a public interest but the cable local areas discretionary authority over a wide range of matters involving the public interest. basically the states then handed over on the discretion over that's brought and you know the public interest to local areas. thes

history and land use laws. could you explain a bit more about this representation of the constitution, the anti public, land anti government activists rely on, and more pointedly, how courts have ruled on this issue throughout our history? >> i'm sorry, sir i could not quite follow the question. >> the misrepresentation, so, the constitution that a lot of the anti government, anti public land activists on this issue rely on, and how the courts have ruled unconstitutional issues regarding public land in particular. >> how did misrepresentations of the constitution -- >> yes. >> i actually think that is a very important question. the militants at the refuge, i have a very idiosyncratic interpretation of the constitution. to put it mildly. their interpretation is that the federal government has no jurisdiction outside -- overland or really over almost any other issues outside of washington, d.c.. and my belief is that that has given a lot of sense of legitimacy to a broader anti government movement out there, and

the depreciation lands. it all sounds very bureaucratic. this was a way to pay off revolutionary war soldiers. the dark blue area was going to be set aside as lands to be donated to settlers, yes, but to soldiers in lieu of their backpay. they came up with a system in which veterans were given certificates that say it's worth so much land in that donation land area. as often happens, speculators buy up the depreciation certificates and the soldiers never really settle on it, but again, we talk about states settling financial affairs through the acquisition of native lands. they're paying off their debt to the soldiers with the land they just expropriated from native people. the depreciation lands, can you figure out what that might mean in this context? money is not worth a continental, and all that kind of stuff? >> sell off that land and using the proceeds to pay off the war debt, the monetary war debt. mr. richter: actually they are doing some of that, but the depreciation lands are to make up for the sol

we might want to replace those words with liberty and land, because land is the object of much of this controversy. the object of the struggle is who is going to control the land, and whose definition it means to be liberty and free and independent is going to prevail. and here too, it is not as simple as settler colonists replacing indigenous people. the who should rule at home question comes in there. which particular colonists should control this land everybody is struggling over? >> [indiscernible] i wonder if the object of the struggle also contains the bifurcation of the subject. in the previous quote by roosevelt, the advancement of civilized man, the ruling class, as i read it, is predicated on the labor of the other man, so even within that imperative, there is tension. daniel: which is why i put this on the spectrum, a different way of saying there are tensions involved. and while these things may appear to be ways of using a three-part model to simplify what is going on, they actually allow us to think in very complicated ways about what this means, and to think through what

land it justly is. if we were to spend hours looking at a timeline, figuring out when they tried to have treaties with the native people to acquire this land, it happens for the most part after northwest ordinance has been passed on the land is already envisioned as part of the united states. so as we think about other removal,maps, indian how the united states got possession of these lands, all goals ofentral to the the american revolution. the american revolution as much as anything is about acquiring control not just of home rule, but of home rule over this native land in the continental interior. the states are doing the same thing. here is a map of pennsylvania. pennsylvania expropriate its from native people for fraudulent treaties this vast area in the northwest corner of what is today the state, an area john dickinson, president of the supreme council of ansell venue, described as within the acknowledged boundaries of this state, within the acknowledged boundaries of this state. who acknowledged

and the depreciation lands. all sounds very bureaucratic. this was a way to pay off revolutionary war soldiers. that dark blue area is going to be set aside as lands to be donated to settlers, yes, but the soldiers in lieu of their back pay, and they came up with a system in which veterans were given certificates that say it is worth that much, land that much land another nation area, as happens, settles by opposite and soldiers never really settler on it but that is again, we talk about state settling their financial affairs through the acquisition of native lands, they've been paying off debts to their soldiers through the land that they just expropriated from native people. that appreciation lands, can you figure out what that might mean in this context?. money is not worth the continental and all that kind of stuff. >> so, they use the proceeds to pay off the war, dead the monetary war that? >> they're doing some of that two with the depreciation lies to make up for the fact that soldiers have been paid depr

it's not just one landing zone but a multitude of landing zones. while the sponsors of the core act said their goal is to protect haats, we need to codify the existing department of defense for aircraft flying over colorado wilderness areas. there is no room for winner take all men talts if you want to achieve public land management agreements. his bill unform has chosen a winner take all path that will fall short of becoming law. i believe this bill will not be supported in the other body and certainly not supported by the administration. so i thank you, madam chairman, and i reserve. the chair: the gentleman reserves the balance of his time. the gentleman from colorado, mr. neguse, is recognized. mr. neguse: with great respect to my col -- colorado. local community support is so critical on public lands bills of this nature and that's why i'm so proud that this bill has overwhelming support from the local communities that are impacted by it. one thing i suspect that you will not hear from my distinguished colleagues is a reference to counties or

they came in search of land and cattle and in their view the land was uninhabited. increased competition over resources intensified local conflicts some of which erupted in violence the delicate balance had been disrupted. the white settlers deliberately fueled these conflicts sometimes they sold weapons branded and promises to one tribe sometimes to another. the land they captured remains the cornerstone of white farmer holders in namibia to this day. 'd place to learn how they know a country. and those of us who parents have been driven away from their laying. lend and other properties. which today should have been our inheritance. and whose the provision led to our people being plunged into generational poverty. for more than $100.00 g.s. . the conflict intensified when i took back on merchant from plame and arrived in namibia and 883. he helped to find natural resources such as copper and minerals which he planned to sell in europe at a great profit ringback. i don't pfluger this was a man of dubious reputation his tobacco plantations in mexico had failed as had

the subcommittee is meeting to hear on anti-public land extremism. under rule 4-f any oral statement are limited to the chair and the ranking minority member. therefore i ask that all unanimous consent that all others opening statements are being made a part of the record, if they're there by 5:00 today. hearing no objection there is so ordered. and thank you for being here for the subcommittee on national parks, batting anti-public land extremism. we're here in part to review the results of a recent government accountability office report detailing the i am pablths of anti-government extremism on public land managers and federal facilities. as we'll hear, that report found some shocking details about the threats these federal employees faced just doing their job. federal land managers and law enforcement personnel have been followed around in stores and had their homes staked out and faced murder by those who have anti-government ideologies. i hope we can agree that this is unacceptable. these people are hard working employed by the federal governme

in the last land package, we have a land package that included the la paz land exchange by b.l.m. it has been accessed. our legislation actually said of it did not impugn any the mineral estates but the b.l.m. came back and said that doesn't guarantee you access to it. that's why i think it doesn't go far enough. i would like it to say it requires the allotees access to those lands. but i'm not opposed to it. i think slightly makes it better. so with that, i'm going to yield to the ranking member from the natural resources committee, the gentleman from utah, mr. bishop. one minute. the chair: the chair recognizes the gentleman from utah. . bishop: i support your amendment but doesn't go far enough. if you want peace within it you have to amend the statutes. for that, it's an improvement but still does not solve the base problem that even if you are taking away rights on federal property and you have private rights that abut it, it has a impact on private rights at the same time and those are the things that need to be guaranteed because those are people that could be losing teb te

this dry land is only known by 2 names and our land and the money. and ease and autonomy as reality. of the captain and leader has any right to force his way. but if you do you captain you have next step to another group and have handed yourself over to a human supremacy for protection. but my dear can't. do you realize what you have done that will be to you like this son which the jackal carried on his bed in which burned him nearly to death. with the sun on his back the traditional namibian fable as a warning against false friends. boy kept a diary and wrote many letters an afrikaans language that was widely used in southern africa at the time today these documents are on the world heritage list. hero of the anti colonial resistance. portrait adorns the namibian currency. when hendrik record and chief marrero agreed to make peace german colonial troops should torpor attack the nama community at horn cards with the aim of eliminating which point the attack was a brutal massacre helpless women and children were killed with boy escaped. with boy wrote

there are many bipartisan land acquisition land priorities that are funded by this bill, they include places like funds to improve access to the canyon in arizona, preserve wildlife habitat in the everglades, headwaters in the st. marsh refuge in florida. i would let the presiding officer know there is also money to protect the palo alto battlefield and to expand a monument in my home state of new mexico. these are just a few of the projects that our constituents back home are expecting the department to fund. they would all be stopped in their traction if this amendment were adopted. we need lwcf to establish better access for americans to their own public lands. this program works with private landowners and willing sellers to continue to protect special places for generations to come. i know a bipartisan majority of this body understands that, and i ask my colleagues to stand with me to defeat this amendment. and, with that, mr. president, i yield the floor. a senator: mr. president. the presiding officer: the senator from rhode island. mr. reed: mr. president, i rise to speak in f

land. exactly. there land. signed a few treaties, including a treaty in 1851 that gave up a large chunk of what is today the state of minnesota, leaving them a small sliver of land along the minnesota river. these trees, of course, where, as many treaties -- course, asies, of many of these treaties were, were rife with problems. the dakota would be paid in annuities, yearly payments, but they often would never reach the dakotas. they would go straight into the pockets of traders who claimed the dakota owed them for past debt. one episcopal bishop that became aware of these problems and the fraud going on declared that a nation that selling robbery would reap a harvest of blood couldn't berse, he any more correct. tensions got very intense in the summer of 1862. in the summer of 1862, the dakotas who had made some changes adapted to euro-american , ways, some including going to church, becoming more full-time farmers instead of hunting and gathering, wearing euro-american clothing, and learning to speak english.

the last time they landed on the moon, it landed on the far side of the moon. they had with a small probe and that was the first time in the ministry anyone had landed on the far side of the moon. they took out a two page ad in the economists and made it clear they are the leader and the exploration and everyone should partner with them. i think that's the wrong position. we have political risk, its political risk for programs taking too long and making sure our partners are with us. that's an important reason to move faster. we don't want to take any undue risk and put lives at stake, but the history of nasa might be a little more slow than what is necessary, and we are changing the organization, as representative aderholt said, if we can't land on the moon in five years we need to change the organization. i believe that and i will tell you why. in the 1960s, president kennedy announced, 1962 they will end on the moon before the decade is out. they had the johnson space member and the orbital dynamics are going to the moon. they did not have to launch faciliti

the last time they landed on the monkey landed on the far side of the moon. i was in the beginning of this year. they landed with a small probe, and it was the first time in human history anyone had landed on the far side of the moon. it took out a two-page ad in "the economist" magazine and a very clear that they are the world leader in space exploration and ever in the world should partner with them. i think that's the wrong position. we have political risk that we need to deal with. it's political risk for him programs taking too long, from which you political standpoint, making sure our partner with us and not within. those are important reasons to move faster. but we do not want to take any undue risk. we do not want to put into life at stake but i can tell you the history of nasa might be a little more slow than what is necessary, and we are changing the organization, as ranking member aderholt said. if we can't land on the moon within five years, we need to change the organization. and i believe that with all my heart, and i'll tell you why. because in

he said he didn't want all the land, he just wanted the land that bordered his land. policy like this doesn't claim to want all the land, it just wants to put the land in protection that borders the land that's in protection. someday there won't be any land left, if we continue implementing policies like this. as mr. gosar has already pointed out, the land up for debate is in his and mr. o'halleran's districts, not mr. grijalva's. closing its development would result in hundreds of millions of dollars of lost revenue for local schools and communities. one of the common arguments against mineral development is that it disrupts wildlife habitats and water supplies. wove seen this disproved time and time -- we've seen this disproved time and time again. a strong economy and environmental stewardship can co-exist. the arizona geological survey published a report outlining uranium mining in this part of arizona, showing how mining here would not contaminate the colorado river, the grand canyon or any of the surrounding watersheds. we've also seen how areas that were mined

landing a man in the morning and returning him safely to the year. there was no official reaction from the kremlin but soviet leader nikita khrushchev called and missed his love kell desh president of the soviet academy of sciences and asked him how serious kennedy was. going to go. kill this reply or that this was a serious statement. and that the americans were highly capable but that he didn't believe they would reach their goal by the end of the decade. or their god in any case he said we were ready to take on such a challenge either khrushchev said well then we must think about what the where. so while it wasn't yet clear what the kremlin leader would decide it was clear that the u.s. program would soak up huge resources and any soviet moonshot would cost at least as much who chef was very torn did he want to could he even invest so much in such a vague project. he was ready to be forced. to swallow one of the people he will have 1000000000 been review of the minutes. he. got on your. own but give them. all for. the future thinking. my father th

they don't know the people of the land. so these are the extremists an they are becoming more and more. 1/3 of the nation are newcomers.s. newcomers that came during fighting. >> my family lived for many centuries in germany and it was in 1920 when it became impossible for the jews, my mother left for palestine to begin working as a gymnastic teacher in a youth village. she was thinking about the identity of a jew, and she came to her parents and said to them i don't think the germans want us here. i'm looking for another place where we can do something from the beginning. so she came here. i think her motivation saved about 15,000, 20,0,000 children. and i think it's good that i have some roots here. so this is my home since 1946, and i love the neighborhood. up there on the corner there's a catholic convent with a huge courtyard where it was very easy to learn to go on bikes. this was from 1946, 1947, the last joint palestinian jewish house. we had a very good relationship with the arabs. and then the war started in 1947.

landing." minoritying beach, south carolina, vacation heaven, 66 miles of instagram-worthy sand and surf and thrills at every turn. but leave the tourists behind and go inland a mere 20 minutes to the river, it's tranquil, the trees are draped in spanish moss. there the a boat landing here with pa fancy name, peachtree landing. >> it's a quiet spot that you can go think. you don't get a lost that in a small town. so when you find a spot, i mean you go all the time. >> what happened here to 20-year-old heather elvis in became an endushable mystery. >> i know there is no way heather would not come home if she could come home. no way interest you don't realize how much somebody's face means to you nul don't get to see it anymore. >> a family anguished, clinging to hope, searching for answers, a journey that would consume them for years. >> one of my best friends came to the house. he looked at me and he said, he said, i hope she didn't suffer. i can't get that thought from my hea head. >> heather

the heavy loads of the aircraft landing after landing seared the tires.e had to change tires all the time. maintenance, i think you had to inspect aircraft, open the engine cowling, climb a ladder, you did not have anything else. and at night with a flashlight get into the engine. check to see if there is any leakage of fuel or oil, which is a fire hazard, and also check the wiring and piping for security. that is part of the inspection. they have a 25 hour inspection, a 50 hour and 100 hour. planes are continually having to be taken out of service and serviced as fast as possible to get them back into action. >> and these maintenance services were done up to the beast -- the base until one hunter hours. -- until 100 hours. they had to fly to britain. ralph: there was a change in the procedure. the local 25 hours were done at the home base in maine. there was another base near munich for a larger inspection. i got called in one day and they said you're going to be crew chief. you have to take aircraft to munich and they will --. >> huffen puffen like. [la

landings were obviously progressing. assuming cia reconnaissance aircraft were also monitoring the construction of the huge new hangar in baikonur where the n one moon rocket was due to be assembled although they could only assume that that is what it was meant for the americans still had no contacts or sources in the inner echelons of soviet power. thousands of soviet workers and technicians were forbidden to speak about the new moon rocket. everything was kept strictly under wraps. we were under constant pressure from the k.g.b. . if we went on vacation and didn't tell anyone we were censored. yards. if you were traveling on the train and you went to the restaurant car to have dinner more just to sit and talk with a cagey minder would come up to you the instance maybe after half an hour sleep they tap you on the shoulder and tell you it was time you went back to your seat and this is. the new n one moon rocket was bigger than anything the soviets had built the from. the 1st stage had a diameter of 7000 meters but they

you can't land on the moon if you don't have a landing system. that's one of the reasons that we did the amended budget request. we are underway with the development of gateway which is a small space station that will be in orbit around the moon for 15 years. think of it as a reusable apollo module just like except it doesn't get thrown out at the end of the mission. it will be used over and over again by over the course of 15 years and probably longer. the spacesuits are a big piece of the architecture as well. the sls rocket comedy orion crew rocket, though orion crew modules, the european service module and the gateway and the human landing system and the spacesuits. at the same time, they're doing commercial crew which will be launched in low orbit. congresswoman, we have as an agency more underdevelopment now and these are big programs. so were working really high -- really hard right now to make this a reality. we are confident. we are where we are especially when it comes to commercial crew, we are confident. sls, we are confident. some ou

they got him out mighty healthfully flock. ♪ ♪ ♪ 40 acres of land, not particularly good land either.ven bigger even knew but no tractor what the rules and understanding of the urge and the long hours of hard work ahead. doesn't seem like much but these are the things that make a farmer. putting a new poll on the barn as needed. now we need the bottom are glad they lend. they agreed to be put under cover and elasticity duration because as long as they turn out tanks were set to make everything better, even the land. oh yeah, the land can be wasted and they arose of the contours and washed away and right now, former brown or mighty important to us because we need more to grow and he staple cotton so it's up to everyone to make the most out of every acre of land that goes into it. ♪ ♪ and in the afternoon, this is a day farmers go to town and at the mother and father market and it's rather early but this must be something special. (inaudible) are they going to stop? they're going all the way on through town. what they have that so exciting? all no wonder there in the room, no wonder whe

these landings or close to the hilly country. many of the gliders -- paratroopers advance stealthily powering the course. this aerial vanguard was to destroy enemy defenses and ease the task of their comrades still at city by keeping people from moving to the coast. swooping down from tree top level, troops and spy trains, in the column of a summer morning these bombers raise destruction while the allied ships were going along the french coast within range of enemy battles. as the dark of the night melted into down, the line of other ships could be detected. tense and alert the men's the men waited in their battle station. guns of the fleet opened up, and the invasion of southern france began. landing craft carrying men, tanks and ammunition raced toward their objectives. american tv, vanguard of the invasion. transports replaced release their cargo's. some assault boats were lowered into the city, others were fully loaded. as these landing craft headed for the shore, there could be no turning back. the roar of the fighting plane

in a land without people the reality is that's just not the way that it happened. there were people here they lost their homes their livelihood their nation their everything this was a in 1000 turn there was only 3 percent palestinian arab and 67 percent jewish how did it suddenly become 80 percent jewish and 20 percent palestinian this was not a normal demographic transition this was a consequence of israel's desire to create a jewish state and to do that have to get rid of as many palestinians as possible the palestinians use the term catastrophe to speak of the 1948 consequences when they lost their land the 1st time around in 67 it was another nakba another catastrophe. in june of $967.00 israel won what was perceived as a stunning undertow victory over much larger arab moments during the 6 day war. with victory in addition to taking land from egypt and syria israel began to militarily occupy all remaining palestinian territory in the west bank the gaza strip and east jerusalem suddenly all of palestine is now lost we now had no palestinian land left under pale

coming up the dark truth at the heart of angel's landing.cult part of your story. y difficult part of your story. premium sliced meats have no by-products. [conference phone] baloney! [conference phone] has joined the call. hey baloney here. i thought this was a no by-products call? land o' frost premium. a slice above. i thought this was a no by-products call? thanks to move free ultra i keep up with this little one. see the world with this guy. and hit the town with these girls. in a clinical study, 4 out of 5 users felt better joint comfort. take the ultra challenge. try move free today. uh, well, this will be the kitchen. and we'd like to put a fire pit out there, and a dock with a boat, maybe. why haven't you started building? well, tyler's off to college... and mom's getting older... and eventually we would like to retire. yeah, it's a lot. but td ameritrade can help you build a plan for today and tomorrow. great. can you help us pour the foundation too? i think you want a house near the lake, not in it. come with a goal. leave with a

unity and justice and freedom the 1st words of a german national lands. and the 3 central values that formed the foundation of this country. how have these values developed in host want to get hard is it to live by and defend the principles of unity justice and freedom in our everyday lives and our journey the 3 part series starts october 21st on t.w. . the world unto itself. with its own gravitational pull john. the finest musical compositions. with some mysteries terrific. odds. don't believe if you wasn't so don't tell me that this you never wrote. and the joint should come off in the morning blame. greenfield. since use of your harness prompts. how do the romantic mystery in such cases. the bombers come. to love and so on do you w. far enough. this is e w news these are all top stories the head of the european parliament davis says so he says there's been no progress in bragg's it 2 weeks after meeting with british prime minister boris johnson says sony will and the only options now appear to be a no deal bragg's it all postponed meant. only 70 you co

furthermore, there were 5000 supporters of the land act -- land bank. this caused even more consternation for the members of high society. as quickly as letters could reach 3000 miles, he got to the british parliament, the proverbial kiss of death for the land bank happened when the supporters land bank returned by the british parliament. those investors lost headway. some lost more than they could bear. others became impoverished. one of the latter was samuel adams. that was the fruit planted for this massachusetts son to come under the most vocal supporters of independence. with the ruling and even after adams's death, the younger adams had to defend seizure by the government. this served as a constant reminder that britain's power over the colonies could be exercised in arbitrary and destructive ways. those destructive ways led to another breadcrumb, who is credited with coining the phrase taxation without representation. this gentleman right there. taxation without representation is tyranny was his thing. we usually drop off the last words and i thi

when you have people moving into what you believe is your land, you are bound to have problems with what you see as invaders into your homeland. at this point in time, we have treaties taking place through the ohio river and coming toward worry are standing right now. these treaties were never properly enforced, nor were they properly negotiated. you are going to start also have native americans who are not viewing the americans as just, or really bargaining appropriately. major general anthony wayne was a revolutionary war hero. after some debate, he is chosen to lead the legion of united states of america. we have trade routes established. you follow the ohio river and then come up to get to the maumee river, this land that is a suitable homeland for folks to start moving into. it is important for anthony wayne to start to come up and provide the safety of the settlers living around these areas. as he pushes farther into the northwest territory, or the maumee river valley. anthony wayne begins his travels 18 months after he was commissioned as the new major general of the u.s. legion.

they can use the land. if i wanted to build a house, own this land we're standing on, if i wanted to develop it, if i wanted to put like a resort here, build my own house here, i have to get the permission of the agent of the united states government. >> oh, wow. >> to even collateralize it or to borrow money against it or to do anything that, you know, any economic development which is facilitated anywhere else in the world. that's why there's no private housing developments here. we moved from a 3,000 square foot, you know, five bedroom three bathroom -- to us it was a mansion. you know what i'm saying? >> yeah. >> it was the first time we ever moved on up like the jeffersons. and then we moved to now we live in an 1100 square foot three bedroom one bathroom house. and there's me, my wife and three kids. because there's no private housing development here. >> if feels like i'm on an island. it feels like right now i'm on some sort of separate part of the world in another country. >> yes. all of that stuff

they'll say lower the landing gear. you say yes, lowering the landing gear. open the cal flaps.ou keep your eyes on the oil pressure, the oil temperature, the fuel quantity. anything that has to do with the operation of the engines. it is a team, three-man team. you work together. we did not have the same crew on each flight. it just happened that you good call from flight and you might have a different engineer or differ pilot or copilot all the time. so you had to work together, teamwork did it. that is what made the difference. >> and there is one unusual thing you told me when we were talking as evening turned what would you estimate, how often did you fly to berlin. ralph: i really do not know. i would to about 30 times. because i flew to england for maintenance. and i flew back to the united states for maintenance. so there's a lot of different flights. i would think 30 or 40. i have 300 hours and they called me and and said, you have three hunter hours, you're going back to the field in massachusetts. i was having the time of my life. sitting inple are the cockpit of an a

how can we make agricultural land hospitable again to a diversity of species. and a nod to the land for traffic sustainable agriculture next to make use of smaller fear that ideally we wouldn't use those huge tractors because they create a lot of problems or they compact the soil that fosters huge monocultures and destroys habitats. smaller fields sometimes mined by a hedge or a strip of flowers or a pile of rocks that's what we need to bring back again thing using land less efficiently would be a boon for insect life but not for farmers subsidies might allow farmers to use fewer pesticides and to reduce the size of their fields benguet and if we farm that way then it might not be so bad if pesticides gets used once in a while. and that's why it's so important to create more varied landscape we have to draw on farmers and they're willing to do that they're often wonderful people with an immense troupe of knowledge then i think we need to make them the conservationists of the future profit so that they can produce food and maintain the diversity of species. a lo

discovery of gold in the black hills and the impact it had on control of the sacred native american lands♪ >> the black hills of south dakota is a very sacred area as a whole. in the black hills, i believe at one time or another, there ie at one time or another, there is a piece of the rest of the world here somewhere. >> as long sacred land for many of -- many native americans, it has also the center of tensions between the two cultures since the 1960's. -- the 19th century. coming up, a look at the history of the black hills. >> thinking of where rapid city is at, we are positioned at the gateway to the black hills, where it is kind of how we have always billed ourselves, even to the earliest founders. black hills because of the rich greenness of the pine trees and elevations we have that surround all of that. while the black hills are very important to the native american community members, it is referred to as the heart. itself isck hills just a sacred area, because it is a supplier for food and shelter and everything that people know was provided by the creator. ♪ >> i am done within

land and water conservation fund. this is something that is near and dear to many in this body, and you will see in this bill an increase to the lwcf, which receives $465 million, this is $30 million above the enacted level. this also includes $140 million for the n.p.s. stateside program as well as additional funding for recreational access. so we are focusing on how to access our treasured lands and to ensure that we have a level of conservation that is supported across the country. i think it's important, certainly important for me, but in working with senator udall over this year, it has been a great partnership, a strong partnership when it comes to trying to meet the needs of those within indian country, to fund the critical services, and with this bill i think we're making good measure to do this. the two primary agencies that deliver service for the indian community are the bureau of indian affairs and the indian house service. together they receive $288 million over the 2019 levels, but we maintain all critic

the two most conspicuous exceptions were settlements that had emerged on the land of the lands of and jefferson davis and his brothers. two of most conspicuous confederates, or some believe most treasonous confederates, did not have their lands restored. those settlements did remain. by and large, the physical remnants of this history was erased from the landscape in 1865 and 1866. in the years, decades, and generations that followed, as american set out remember this war, as they preserved antebellum mansions and flock to battlefields to sealed fortifications and burial grounds, as they erected monuments, all sorts of visible manifestations of the war and its memory, there was nothing to see about half a million people who had risked their lives to escape slavery and destroy the institution altogether. no wonder this story of emancipation would go forgotten. a general suppression of slavery's history in this war certainly contributed to that as well. ?hat happened to sinclair farm it was subdivided eventually, in the 1880's, although it was sold to white owners, and became known as t

the land they left behind in 1904 is now prime t. growing land near cary cho is largely owned by corporate giants such as unilever which sources tea from courage show for some of its best selling brands like lipton . more than 100000 victims of signed the un complaint they want an apology and reparations for their homeland being taken and reallocated to white settlers they allege the british army used rape murder and arson to seize land and carry cho. are you learning i'm so angry because we were a very rich people i want to british to apologize so that we can be friends and embrace one another. how much hearing they are. for the victims of this forced deportation to t. from there on several homelands is stained with blood. south africa's woes continue to mount the finance minister says the budget deficit is had to hit a 2 decade high shortfall cost for this year has been slashed from $1.00 and $1.00 half to just half a percent we could call me means less money flowing into public coffers bailouts for state owned companies especially

in most places, the lands on which they had settled where the same confiscated and abandoned lands in the union's possession that now came under debate in washington. this is about 800,000 acres of land in the union's possession, not all of them settled by the refugees, but a significant amount. the big question debated in washington were should these lands be returned to the 1861 confederate owners in the interest of sectional reconciliation. or, should the lands remain in union happens and should the union then subdivide them and sell them or lease them to the people who had settled on them during the war, to freedom seeking people? as the debate played out in washington, d.c., the antebellum owner of the sinclair farm, jefferson sinclair, returned. he returned quickly, late april 1865. it was at the same time he applied for a pardon from the federal government. a pardon in which -- an application for a pardon in which he renounced his loyalty to the confederacy and asked for the restoration of his citizenship rights, which would include his right to his property. in the meantime, h