and mr.larco -- professor larco, you are recognized for five minutes. >> thank you. thank you for the opportunity to testify on the future of avs and the impacts they can have on the country. i am a professor of architecture design as well as the director at the university of oregon. it was mentioned as a cross disciplinary center emerging technology are having and will continue to have on communities. our focus is on the mechanics of the technologies but land use, and building design, transportation and real estate and why these impacts matter for equity and health and the economy. private sector partners, professional organizations and other research organizations and foundations. our country is at the earliest stages of real world av testing. that said one thing that is clear is that avs are not just another vehicle. in the same way over a century cars were not just a different horse. our research is avs could have widespread devastating affects, and they have podstive and negative impacts. we suspect it would cause the demand for parking, and potential improvemen

larco, professor and director of urbanism, next center university of oregon. mr. wolf, general council opt -- autonomous vehicle industry association. thank you for being here today. without objection, our witnesses' full statement will be included in the record. since your testimony has been made a part of the record, the subcommittee requests that you limit your oral testimony to five minutes. first ms. castex-tatum, you may proceed. >> good morning, chair norton, chair defazio, ranking member, and members of the subcommittee. i am houston's vice mayor pro tem on the southwest side of houston. i'm here today on behalf of the national league of cities to discuss our experiences with piloting autonomous vehicles. zero is the only acceptable number of deaths on america's roads. today we are losing far too many of our residents to dangerous roads in houston and across this country. and efforts to reduce fatalities must include every possible strategy, including autonomous vehicles. cities handle most aspects of public transportation, and that experience and authorit

professor larco, if i may start with you, emotional, which is an av company headquartered in boston, testing their technology looks different in massachusetts than it does in nevada or at least that's how i understand it so states essentially are being burdened with the absence of clear federal guidance. beyond the burden individual states and communities like nevada and massachusetts, what does this cost with regard to our national priorities to not have these federal standards? >> dutch for the question. i think you're absolutely right that a lot of the deployment of avs are actually -- it's a local issue, right, and a lot of things that i talked about before, some of these ramifications, cascading impacts, are really growing affecting different communities differently and there needs to be some control at the local level to be able to respond to these things. the conversation that we've had so far, uh, it's fantastic to hear, uh, the issues around safety and labor but, uh, i guess one of the main points is that that is not the only questions that are important for av deployment we

professor larco, if i may start with you. -- partnered with hyundai to develop a v fleet. but without a legal framework for av's testing their technology, which is different massachusetts than nevada, at least a understand it. so states are being burdened with the absence of clear federal guidance. beyond the bird and individual states and communities like nevada and massachusetts, what does this cost with regard to our national priorities, do not have these federal standards? >> thank you very much for the question. i think you're absolutely right. a lot of the deployment of a these are actually -- it's a local fishery right. a lot of things i talked about -- cascading impacts are going to be affecting different communities differently, and there needs to be some control at the local level to be able to respond to these things. the conversation we've had so far, it's fantastic to hear the issues around safety and labor but one of the main points is that is not the only questions that are important for 80 deployment. we need to be working at the local level to be able to a