they're used by most of the latin european mind would give others. at the time, the engineers and this is about two decades ago decided to make it last and only because there was not a standard for the other languages and scripts. so the internet protocol itself that was developed in 73 and other things got crede ran latin script. of coarse, people from around the world that we want everything in our own language. we should be able to write our domain names in arabic or chinese. so, about 11 years ago a researcher in switzerland can up with the idea saying let's go introduce domain and which is on top of that latin-based architecture. that got picked up in singapore, china, 11 years of technical work later, there is a standard emerging called idna or international domain name for applications, which the ietf has developed engineers. in nine years of policy work later were finally ready to roll it out. there's been about two years of technical testing accompanies international domain names in the internet and what we call the root is dumb for testing.

host: as far as policy towards latin america, is there a general perception of what the leaders of latinca think about president obama? guest: obama is very popular in latin america. the united states is not as popular as the president is in some countries. but i think we are holding our own in the region. i think the president's should try to find time to the region. it would be a very exciting visit. in brazil, oden cried, chile, colombia -- are quituruguay, ch, colombia, it would be a very good visit. host: washington, go ahead. caller: are you aware of the president's -- the brazilian president's speech in copenhagen where he said, the problem is the white people in the world. the second question is there is a country -- a company in brazil that is an offshore drilling company that in june, the obama administration gave a $15 billion loan to and i think is quite ironic that in february, george soros bought majority shares in that company. effectively, this administration has paid back george soros for getting elected with taxpayer funds. guest: i do not know anything about the second

so the protocol itself developed in '73 got created around latin script. of course, people around the world have been saying we want everything in our own language. we should be able to write our domain names in arabic or chinese. about 11 years ago, a researcher in switzerland came up with the idea saying, let's go introduce international domain name languages on top of that latin-based architecture. that got picked up in singapore, china. eleven years later, there is a standard immersion called idn which the itf has developed, the engineers, and then nine years of policy work later because there's a lot of subtle issues, we're finally able to roll it out. there's been about two years of technical testing and what we call the root system for testing. that has gone successfully, so it's taken all those years, chris -- i know it's a long time -- but finally we're ready to begin rolling that out. so we'll start accepting applications november 16th, in just a few days here. and then hope to put those into the internet route mid next year. >> host: we here in

the internet protocol itself got created around latin scripts. people around the world have been saying they want everything in their own language. they should be able to write their domain names in arabic or chinese. about 11 years ago, a swiss researcher came up with the idea that got picked up in singapore and china. now there is idna. nine years of policy work later, we are finally ready to roll it out. it has been two years of technical testing, having international domain names in the internet in a route system. that has gone successfully. it has taken a long time but finally we are ready to begin rolling that out. we will start accepting applications november 16, in just a few days, and hope to put those into the internet by the middle of next year. >> now with this going beyond roman characters, is something lost in the sense of the universality of the internet, where we might not start to get a more segmented internet that focuses on more individual countries than the more global forum? >> both yes and no. yes it in ways that we will see

most of latin america history have some knowledge of castro's hostility towards the base.but what is generally not known is that from the early 1900s to the present, guantanamo has also been a sight for diplomatic accommodation, compromise, and cooperation. the terms dictated by the platt amendment only stated that the united states would buy or lease naval or station, buy or lease them. in cuba. it did not specify a number of such stations, nor their locations. that was a matter of negotiated compromise between the cuban president and theodore rooseve roosevelt, that the united states would obtain really only one major naval station and that would be guantanamo, not havana. now, obviously, the united states has always had the upper hand in these negotiations. when i say diplomatic compromise, i'm not suggesting that the two parties started on a level playing field. that certainly would not be the case. the second major compromise occurred in 1934 when the united states abrogated the platt amendment, which had become an increasingly unpopular with the various sectors of th

he does not like most of the other presidents and latin america. the ball of our revolution -- what he has done successfully is to almost destroyed venezuelan democracy, the free press, and a market economy. the interesting question is how much longer he will be tolerated. host: -- the 80 situation only deepens the whole of hugo chavez bread but -- the haiti situation only deepens the whole hugo chavez hole. the united states is an empire and an evil force in the region, according to them. guest: president chavez has problems with other governments. 4lñhis army is not prepared to fight a war. he has been active in attempting to undermine u.s. interests throughout the region. he has not been successful there either. there are three or four governments that work with president chavez persia. you have a leader like you get a job as -- like hugo chavez who do not know how to govern host: what about lifting thei embargo to venezuela? guest: we would have to be very careful to provide support for the caribbean islands that take the torch and that once we

host: as far as policy towards latin america, is there a general perception of what the leaders of latinamerica think about president obama? guest: obama is very popular in latin america. the united states is not as popular as the president is in some countries. but i think we are holding our own in the region. i think the president's should try to find time to the region. it would be a very exciting visit. in brazil, oden cried, chile, colombia -- are quituruguay, ch, colombia, it would be a very good visit. host: washington, go ahead. caller: are you aware of the president's -- the brazilian president's speech in copenhagen where he said, the problem is the white people in the world. the second question is there is a country -- a company in brazil that is an offshore drilling company that in june, the obama administration gave a $15 billion loan to and i think is quite ironic that in february, george soros bought majority shares in that company. effectively, this administration has paid back george soros for getting elected with taxpayer funds. guest: i do not know anything about the s

formal salaries -- it is not like the latin american middle-class of today. it is not like the chinese middle-class. where these were most integrated into the global economy that looks like a middle-class elsewhere you have a lot more moderation. ready muslims are most separated from the global economy, they lack the middle-class, and america and eastern europe and asia you have a lot more extremism. long and short issue is not as long. the problem is not that the muslims are not integrated in terms of culture in the world. they are not integrated economically into the world. when i was doing this, the question was how do we know this is true? how do we know it exists and there was a middle class, it would actually act the way that we think. there are very few places in the muslim world where we can see evidence of the rise of a middle class and the impact it has. it is largely in places like turkey or pockets like the persian gulf and in many places you see semblances of it. let me begin by giving you an example. is not fashionable to talk about dubai. the h

and it came from latin word luna which means the moon. bill: somebody who is really out there?y saw crazy people came out with a full moon. bill: that's where loon came from. i love that marina scores. passionate? >> passionately comes from the word patty which means to suffer. where the word patient comes from, also. it's latin. pati. and the passion of the christ? it's actually an example of its original meaning. bill: so, in the beginning, the word was suffering. >> suffering. bill: the passion of the christ. how did it come into romantic word? >> somehow it developed into romantic word. i guess love hurts. >> love hurts. bill: do you think that's how it happened? >> i think so, yeah. bill: liberal. when where does that come from? >> the word liberal comes from lieber liber which means freedom. free man instead of slave. used to describe a college degree liberal arts which is basically what you start when you don't know what to do. bill: some liberals on college campuses that just came. >> exactly. then in the 17th century it was -- it used to describe a lawless foreigners.

and other of the g-7 economies, and mexico after all was in latin america. so latin america historically has had a history of financial volatility. lots of crises. so the mexican crisis yet occurred against the backdrop in which mexico months before the crisis had been upgraded by the rating agencies. mexico city had been admitted to the organization of the oecd. mexico was a poster child at the time of the imf. but at any rate the mexican crisis unfolded and at that time i was still working for the international monetary fund and there was what the imf calls a mission, it sounds like mission impossible, maybe this but it is a visit we went through indonesia, hong kong, singapore, japan, and it was about five and half weeks long and it was to assess financial vulnerabilities in these countries at that time and you could not go anywhere without hearing news about the evolution of the mexican crisis. and the issue was raised at the time well, you know, a lot of these countries which these were the east asia tigers by and large had had a history of more than a

policy in latin america.ter, a news conference announcing the formation of a bipartisan federal debt reduction task force. on "washington journal" tomorrow morning victoria mcgrane of politico will take your questions on the ghi, including raising the debt limit and debt reduction commission. and we'll be live from the washington auto show with jim campbell of general motors, susan cischke from ford and jim o'donnell with b.m.w. "washington journal" live on c-span every day at 7:00 a.m. eastern. >> in the nation's capital and across the country, listen to c-span radio in washington at 90.1 f.m. and on xm satellite radio channel 132. it's also a free app for your iphone. c-span radio, covering washington like no other. >> now national security advisor james jones on afghanistan and pakistan. he spoke to the center for america's progress for 45 minutes. >> good afternoon. my name is larry korb. and on behalf of our president, john podesta, and my colleagues here at the center for america progress, i'd like to w

it's latin america, and its parts of east asia, parts of south asia and latin america and even an emerging europe there are some strong economy is beginning to show signs of vigor such as poland. third factor is and this is i think the big unknown to extend a very important point not to lose sight of is the turnaround liable to occur in the corporate sector. one way of thinking about the downturn of 2009 is we had corporates adjusting it very aggressively. and in so doing turn the financial position from one of modest to win a substantial financial surplus. now maybe that financial surplus position will remain for the next six months, nine months by my suspicion is it will increasingly turn into a little more corporate activity and corporate optimism whether on the capital spending side or the employment side and that is my fourth final point which is i think we're going to get a turn in the global employment picture. desmond use the high level of unemployment in the u.s. and the weekly market as a reason for extending weakness and i would turn that point on its head and say as a the econo

you are seeing some in europe and linking to those in latin america. very sophisticated techniques, a lot of financial crimes taking place and this is a world class problem and one that can only be solved by better international cooperation between the parties. but as consumers, we have to be careful on our own machines and we should think twice before doing all of our banking online. you want to be really careful in how you approach. i do it with a separate machine that is only plugged for maybe two minutes a week to execute those transactions and other wise there aren't financial records on any other computers. the good news is with net books and pc's getting cheap, it's not a bad practice. what i'm trying to do is limit access people might have to my financial records. an alternative is to stop using online banking completely. i'm not advocating that, but there are programs called key stroke loggers that can get loaded on your image by looking at one image or video and everyone has the ability to track your key stroke. they see you go to a banking w

i think the lesson of latin america is that those kinds of people can come together.i was also recently lecturing at the university last week, two weeks ago, at howard university which is primarily african and african-american. their local. i spent a lot of time talking with an african student and what's fascinating is the wealthiest continent in the world is africa. think about that. poorest people in the world, wealthiest continent. there's more resources there than anywhere else it but we divided and conquered them that way. and now is for them to come together. people in the middle east must do that, too, to recognize that they have a common goal. they have incredible resources. so to come together. thanks. we all have to come together. it's something we all must do in this country. alliance is coming together, realizing that we've got to mutiny, we got to take back our country and the world. >> my name is david thomson. i was just curious if you've heard of b-corporations, and if you had any thoughts? >> great idea. these are corporations that of a hybrid between

they were talking almost in latin. you could not believe that 600 grown man could do this sort of thing. it was a very good speech. many jokes would be difficult to understand immediately for an american audience. here was a man who began by saying how much he hated the idea of television in the house and that he had been notified by image builders about how to overcome -- here was a chap who showed the televising will be a great success. he came over so well. he showed that television will actually capture the drama. >> i remember when the senate went on television. he talked about how members will have to wear red ties. were red ties recommended? >> there was always an idea that you look better on television if you wear suits. every single one of the 500 germans came in wearing blue shirts. they are wearing different colored clothes. they will not look like american anchormen. >> what can you tell us about a man giving the speech? >> he is a labor mp. the queen came and opened parliament this morning. she makes a spe

some parts of latin america. that's gone.learly, obama is someone who is respected all around the world as a great man. even though they are waiting for him to deliver some results. hair in the air, t i'd spend class preoccupied, bothered by itchy eyes. but now i have new zyrtec® itchy eye drops. it works fast, with just one drop, to relieve my itchy eyes from allergies for up to 12 hours. no other allergy itchy eye drop works faster or longer. which is good, 'cause there's a lotta paws to shake. with new zyrtec® itchy eye drops i can love the air™. (announcer) find it in the allergy aisle next to other zyrtec® products. >>> hello, everyone. live from a chilly cnn in new york. a look at your headlines. nine days after the terror attack on northwest airlines 253, the transportation security administration today issued new airline security directives. the tsa says every person flying into the united states from or through a state that sponsors terrorism must go through enhanced screening. it says that that rule will apply to pa

a kind of reflexive anti-americanism you saw in europe, islamic world and some parts of latin america, that's gone. clearly obama is someone who's widely respected all around the world. as a great man. even though they're waiting for him to deliver results. >>> hi there, i'm brooke baldwin. quick check of the day's top stories. president obama's top counterterrorism adviser says human error allows the terror suspect umar farouk abdulmutallab to board a u.s. airliner christmas day. john brennan says government agencies had information on abdulmutallab but failed to connect the dots. brennan insists, though, none of the information stood out as a major red flag. >> clearly the system didn't work. we had a problem in terms of why abdulmutallab got on that plane. there is no smoking gun piece of intelligence out there that said he was a terrorist, going to carry out this attack against that aircraft. we had bits and pieces of information. >> the u.s. embassy closed today because of threats from al qaeda against u.s. interests in the country. not clear as to when it might re-open. the brit

it's a big difference between asia and latin america. but, hold it is a picture a good deal better than we expected. why is that the case? uri has already alluded to some of the reasons. going back one year" we all did was to underestimate the debt of contraction of the global economy the materialized in the fourth quarter of 2008. we were all puzzled by the deep fault and attributed it to the fear global depression. so, to confidence factors which are very hard to gauge correctly. we have had a very strong policy response to this fear. exceptional monetary measures with interest rates cut close to zero in many advanced become is with unconventional support for banks made available. we see this as a stimulus deployed. we also see recapitalization of banks and guarantees to get the financial sector running again. this has changed fundamentals on the ground, but also confidence. it is very difficult to forecast confidence. this recovery is off to abuttera better start than expee year ago. >> we're doing well on time. the second question, d

this will make you rethink the whole sort of latin-america baseball experience.al of baseball movies because they always look like my mother -- they throw like my mother. there's not -- and she's not -- she's in her 80s. >> hey, mrs. mankiewicz could be watching! >> gee, i hope she is. she will say i talk too fast. there's not a false baseball moment in this movie. >> okay. >> it's really solid start to finish. and it's from the writer/director ryan fleck who gave us "a half nelson" with ryan gosling. >> and number four "every little step." >> best documentary of the year. >> really? >> last year oscar-winning documentary was "man on wire." i think this is every bit as good. it's about the revival of the broadway musical "a chorus line." and the production and casting and then the auditioning for that. you will sort of bleed with these kids who try to get these roles. and it is heartwarming, it's moving, it is tragic in its own way. it's a great, great, great documentary. in a year of good documentaries, "food, inc.." but this was the best. >> so hang out. that w

it's a big difference between asia and latin america. but, hold it is a picture a good deal better than we expected. why is that the case? uri has already alluded to some of the reasons. going back one year" we all did was to underestimate the debt of contraction of the global economy the materialized in the fourth quarter of 2008. we were all puzzled by the deep fault and attributed it to the fear global depression. so, to confidence factors which are very hard to gauge correctly. we have had a very strong policy response to this fear. exceptional monetary measures with interest rates cut close to zero in many advanced become is with unconventional support for banks made available. we see this as a stimulus deployed. we also see recapitalization of banks and guarantees to get the financial sector running again. this has changed fundamentals on the ground, but also confidence. it is very difficult to forecast confidence. this recovery is off to abuttera better start than expee year ago. >> we're doing well on time. the second question, d

but they are people who are like middle classes in asia, latin america, people we identify as part ofon forces. new economic forces, and we often don't see them in the middle class but wei] always thk about extremists or fundamentalist. we don't think about social classes in the muslim world the way in which they connect to economics. and why do they matter in terms of all the things that we think about? >> you focus on iran in this book. how diverse are the social classes in iran? >> again, when we think about iran we don't realize that i'm on has a very vibrant middle-class. there's a privatization in iran in the 1980s and 1990s that it produced a middle-class in the private sector. even though most of iran's economy is dominated by the government, still there is a large part of middle-class that depends on private sector activity. it is that private sector and middle class in iran is responsible for iranian cinema, for cultural activity and four demand for palooka freedom and reforms. when we see iranians take to the streets dementing better results for elections or demanding polit

anecdotally, as we focus on switzerland and other places, much of the money is moving into asia and latin america. we have received a lot of cooperation with law- enforcement agencies across the globe, as well that -- as well as other tax administrators. we are getting better at following the money. >> i still get a lot of readers e-mail about this. this past year, you put out a proposal to employers for how to allocate employer provided cell phones as a fringe benefit. he later called on congress to pass legislation to move cellular telephones as a fringe benefit, wondering how to tax them. here we are in 2010 and congress did not act on that last year. what are your plans? are you going to go forward with your initial proposal or give congress more time? >> this is an example of tax laws affecting everyone. as technology changes, they need to adapt over time. in the past, having a cell phone was a special, fringe benefit. now they are ubiquitous. everyone has a cell phone. we ask congress to clarify this and treat cell phones in a uniform way so that we do not have to come up with a set

a guy in a long wig and talking almost in latin. it was -- you couldn't really believe that 600 grown men could be doing this sort of thing. then we have just seen this speech by ian gow, which actually was a very good knock about speech. many jokes would be difficult immediately to understand for an american audience but some of them would have come over like the joke about charles and here was a man who began by saying he hated the idea of television in the house and he had been circulated by these image builders saying that how you come over on television depends 50% on what you look like and your body language and 78 mrs on what yow say. yet here was a chap that showed that the televising would be a great success. this was dispersed because he came over so well and he slowed that -- television will actually be able to capture the drama of the great events. >> i remember when the senate went on television when john glenn went to the floor and brought out his brush and talked about u ho members will have to wear their red ties. we

ofthe countries which are members of the united nations were not free nations, in asia, africa and latin america, which include countries like india. even china was not a member of the united nations. so we must be very clear which world we live in. it will only be correct to impair the aberrations of the past. alan friedman lets talk about the relations with the obama administration. there is a rumour that a new usindia trade and investment agreement is near: is that true? >>sharma: that is true. we had a meeting ofhe usindia trade policy forum, i have been to washington, ron kirk has been here twice: he came for the wto ministerial, he also came for the trade forum. the focal groups have met, we are going to sign a framework of cooperation on trade and invtment, hopefully during the forthcoming visit of the prime minister and later on we will have the treaty of the tradeand investment agreement. and there are other developments on the way, we are talking about them. >>friedman: what about progress with theuropean union? where does india stand? >>sharma: we have had many rounds of discu

a century ago, there were only eight million, so the huge growth of christianity in africa and latin america and parts of asia means that when they come here, they think of themselves as missionaries. >> reporter: professor robert says immigrants have always brought their religions with them, but few have expanded as much as nigerians have. >> they come from a huge, overcrowded english-speaking country, so they can land with their feet on the ground and get up and running with outreach, churches, building schools, building homes very quickly. they don't have the language barrier that a lot of the other immigrants have when they get to the united states. >> reporter: in addition, professor robert says, people are attracted to the pentecostal style of worship. >> pentecostalism has swept all over the world in the last several decades, so the immediacy of the supernatural, the emotional worship style, the focus on lifestyle and holines-- these are things that american churches has gotten soft on >> reporter: speaking in tongues which is a way of praying and, some say, a sign of god's gr

because my particular background is latin american, my parents are from cuba.here and in latin america, and they are making a change. and the so-called patriarial power structure was in real power. and power is distributed more 4 becomes richer. guest: absolutely, chaz, i couldn't believe more. i liken it to going to the movie theater and half the screen is covered. so you only watch half will movie. when you don't involve women, you are not getting the whole picture, you are not getting subtles or nuances, you are getting half the picture. we have to be careful because a lot of people purport to speak for the entire population but they don't. and it's t >> tomorrow, a discussion on what independent voters will play on the midterm elections. also, china's impact on the global economy. after that, a look at each of obesity in the u.s.. and first lady michelle obama's national campaign. "washington journal" is live at 7:00 a.m. eastern on c-span. >> in the nation's capital and across the company, listen to c- span radio. it is also a free application for your iph

you've got already, latin and asia in the lead and latin america.en the picture becomes a little more mixed and to the commonwealth of independent states. even in these, you have examples that are fairly successful such as the fallen. now if you contrast it with where we are in the advance economy there, desmond has already pointed out, we are looking at very high or rising unemployment rates through much of this year. this will weigh heavily on growth. this will be in our view a recovery for these economies than the recoveries that we've observed such as the '70s, '80s, and early '90s. this is the repercussion? you see capital increasingly again knocking on the doors of emerging economies. looking for investment opportunities. because well the growth fundamental is stronger, the yields are higher, and in many waying the micropolicies have been prudent. >> thank you. third question that i would like the panelist to address, even though you may have already hinted at it, what really the major risk that you see? and what degree of confidence, forever,

the 1300's in a series of pretty lavation grand mathis of the world like this one other often called latin for maps of the world and they contain a lot of the elements we have already been talking about. the sergel here is basically a to map. if you strip away the detailed degree notion is the at the bottom separated by the green t thar europe on the left and africa on the right. if you look it the top of the map in particular, we have got a lot of that symbolism that we were just talking about. this is christ hovering above the world and the kind of divine in carry away. the message is clearly that only the divine figure who could look down at the earth and take the whole thing in sis all of yemen space and all of human time. the middle ages especially where not just limited to the geographical dimension. there were also supposed to convey an idea of time and of history and their references to history is in the middle ages being called maps and thees to e ages being called histories of the line between those two things was much fuzzier than it is now. this is the east because we are deali

focus of switzerland and other places, a lot of money has been leaving europe and moving into asia, latin america. we are aware of those flows. we have a lot of cooperation that law enforcement agencies and other tax administrators, and we're getting better at following the flow of money. >> i want to ask you about something i still get a lot of e-mail about, and i think it is something people care about. this past year youç put out a proposal to employers for how to w3çallocateç as a fringeç ber taxw3çç purposesççxd and thd on congress tot( actually pass çlegislation to simplifyr>ç , to remove cellphone as a fringe benefit so employers did not have to wonder how to tax them. fáhere we areçç iç 2010. ççcongress did not act on that ççlast year. çñrwhat is your plan? çare you going to go forward wh your initial proposal? are you going to give congress morel(ç time to sort that out? >> this is an example of the fact that the tax laws affect everybody. as technology changes, then you adapt with the times, so this is not -- in the past having as cellphone -- i think the la

riordan roett discuss this the administration's policy towards latin mac that come line and brian wynn and cnn's democrats feels of vehicles -- senator cat his trip. wednesday, president obama delivers his first state of the union address to congress, laying out his vision for the future of the country and his plans for the wars in iraq and afghanistan. the state of the union address, wednesday night. our coverage starts at 8:00 eastern. you can listen to it live on your iphone. >> it is also free application for your iphone. covering washington like no other. >> at least one citizen has died as a result of the events in haiti. haiti. á >> now prime minister's questions. gordon brown talked about government relief efforts in haiti and called for the creation of the un reconstruction agency to respond more rapidly to future disaster. he also expressed hope that the cadbury workers would retain their jobs after proposed merger with kraft. cadbury it is a company founded almost 200 years ago. >> questions to the prime minister. >> order. questions for the pr

he wanted to conquer out of latin america. the neighbors got a little worried about him. vauntedder built carried out the private foreign policy. start negotiationing with the neighbors. he went off and found this guy who had been acquitted of ordering his captain. he was acquitted because no one saw him do it. he went in, he was beat to death. no one saw him do it. he sent him off to costa rica with gold and rifles. he led a raid that some wonderful scenes that seized all of these and cut off walker. and it really is something out of a conrad novel. it's just remarkable. >> well, marquez. and this one american scott, i think who was down there. >> captain scott. >> and vanderbilt owes him money from something. because of this, he is obstructing and refusing to hand over the ships. he's just kind of holding out. vanderbilt pays him back. >> the entire war, if thousands of people would have lived. in vanderbilt sent out a guy who initially said tell scott that i own the company. take control of the steam boats. they had to flee

guest: it evolves toward latin america in general, from the time of the cold war framework, and concern about soviet encroachment of latin america, to a situation now where support for democracy and support for development, poverty reduction, are the key factors in u.s. policy in the region, as well as security concerns. host: in your role as state department deputy secretary for western hemisphere, if you were in that role today, how would you get the attention of the president and the administration when, as " the new york times" notes, in 2009 most of the energy was focused on afghanistan, pakistan, and iran with little time on the western hemisphere. guest: this is something that the route of the americas is a constant topic. -- throughout the americans as a constant topic. the united states underscores the importance of western hemisphere but then gets distracted and other areas where there are very overwhelming policy interest and where we have a large number of troops stationed, and an enormous investment in terms of u.s. resources. in the case of haiti, and u.s. support for hait

i will go to latin america or canada and come in to really do damage.bout the air traffic. another thing, why you having so many democrats calling in today? i have watched you for years. usually are pretty well balanced. host: sir? guest: i think the caller is pointing to our government not thinking of the box. it is a good question as to whether people can arrive from other places. i have not been any attacks coming from the south. there haveve been plots through canada.eá9 >> thank you very much for being on the program. >> president obama is expected to make remarks here shortly at the white house after meeting with his national security team about the attempted airline bombing on christmas day. political writing that robert gibbs said today that president obama will deliver a stern warning to his appointees at a meeting. he will not tolerate efforts by the cia, the state department, and others to shift blame for the recent intelligence foul-up to other parts of the government. here is the white house briefing. >> it got quiet all of the sudden. to e

dug in positions. >> which reflected the filibuster attitude, the north american attitude towards latinmerica was, you know, we're americans, so one of us is worth ten of them. so even though he dug in behind fortified walls and have the rifle, don't worry americans, go get them. go, go. and fortunately, once he, by luck really, he carries out one maneuver. by lucky manages to win. by luck the leading general and the head of state for his side died and he ends up being the strong man. he can't even speak spanish. and he's a strong man and nicaragua. and thousands of americans, you know, are excited by the success start coming down or want to come down and join in. and meanwhile this is a story which completely overturns the whole presumptions about how this story played out. with papers i found out here in legal papers that are lawyer has here in the manuscripts department. most people said while vanderbilts rivals within the company knew he was taking control, so they convinced walker, give us control of the rights for carrying passengers and then we'll bring you free reinforcements an

there are challenges associated with latin america, certainly the emergence of china.hat does that mean? i pay a lot of attention to the economic engines whether it is china, india, or europe, or us will come or b is -- or brazil and what does that mean for the future. it could be those engines that drive out comes per it is important that we pay a lot of attention to what is going on in other parts of the world. we stood up about a year-and-a- half ago in for the sole purpose of be able to focus our engagement strategy from the military perspective on africa which is a wonderful confidant -- continental of great resources, a wonderful people, and huge challenges whether it is famine, disease, and i think the world needs to be engaged there. as i look to the rest of the world, i also try to keep my head up and look to what the united states will look like a for these two wars. i always worry about fighting the last war. these will be the last wars and how much of this is relevant for the future? what kind of training, equipment, people, what is the size of this force,

we had a foreign investment conference where there were more people from the neighborhood, latin and central america, then from europe, canada, the u.s. and asia combined. the first time in my lifetime the neighbors have been committed to the future. as i said, dennis o'brien will tell you in a moment, we had a group recruited over the last year or so and through the cgio that invested millions of dollars there. i tried to organize the haitian diaspora. the parliament gave dual citizenship to the haitian diaspora, which has enormous potential in positive implications for the development of the country. and the ngo community was beginning to work together for the first time to try to harmonize and intensify their efforts. we have people interested in building up the agricultural sector, the tourism sector, the potential for development of call centers, all kinds of things. then the earthquake happened. here is what i want to say. this is horrible for the people of haiti. they are in shock now, and a lot of them are frustrated they are not getting beat a fast enough. -- the aid fast en

and concern soviet encroachment in latin america.a situation now to where support for democracy and support for development poverty reduction are the key factors in u.s. policy in the region. as well as security concerns. >> host: how in your role as state department deputy secretary for western hemisphere, if you were in that role today, how would you get the attention of the president and the administration when as the "new york times" notes that in 2009 much of the administration's energy was focused on afghanistan, pakistan and iran. with little time on the western hemisphere? >> guest: well, this is something that throughout the americas is a constant topic that the united states especially at the beginning of administrations underscores the importance of the western hemisphere to u.s. policy. and then gets distracted in other areas where there are very overwhelming policy interests and where we have large numbers of troops stationed. or where there's an enormous investment in terms of u.s., u.s. resources. but in the case of ha

china was a bit of an exception, but it was occurring particularly in latin america. i think we have seen a dramatic conversion of the financial instability. -- conversion of the financial instability. a big part of the market's strength is the benefit that this region is now enjoying, from the long run, and reads the bushmen of financial stability. it is very paradoxical because that benefit is coming from the very time we in the richer world are suffering financial instability. it need not have happened that way, but it has. r') point, one of the big issues that we face in the world. reestablishing financial conditions in the mature markets, but also ensuring that the boy and financial conditions that we have out there in many of the emerging markets, we need to be sure that those do not to become over -- to overheated. -- too overheated. >> the next question to the gentleman in the middle there. >> i'm john ring from morgan stanley. the panel has not talked about tax policy at all. i have two questions, peter. the first is, do you think that governments will ignore

if you take the last 10 years in the way china has moved into africa, latin america, east asia in new kinds of ways and so on, the air is for conflict between the united states and china of growing apace all the time. but so far they have been -- they have been the subject of a lot of cooperation and discussion. and environmental question has moved into this area as well. my aliment of encouragement about what's going to happen is that if you take american chinese relations since the mao-nixon actually the remarkable thing is how stable the relationship has been between not how unstable the relationship has been. now could go off the rails. but that will be my source of encouragement, but it won't necessary stay like that. the greatest worry is not actually china in this context. i think the earlier point about china's patience is important. what worries me is the reaction in the united states. america is not ready, not prepared for this. it's not about about. it's not discussed. not debated it. it's been on the edges, and now it's happening. how in particular the american will respon

american people have opened their hearts and their wallets to causes ranging from eradicating polio in latin america to saving the people of darfur, helping people in asia purchase livestock to investing in micro enterprise. to this private giving exceeds the amount our government spends on foreign assistance. today we call on that same american spirit of giving to meet the challenges of a new century. not only giving materially but giving time and talent. those of you who care deeply about development and cared deeply about the future of our country and our world, help us in list more americans in this effort, help us recruit technology experts, business leaders, engineers, farmers, teachers, doctors, lawyers. help us to happen to the talents of the first global generation of americans, the young men and women graduating from our colleges and universities. encourage them to volunteer, to enter, to work not only for ngo's, but to lend their energy and skill to the state department and particularly to you as a idf. i promise that we will do more on our end to make sure that our doors are open

now when we had an investment conference there, there were more people there from latin america and thearibbean and from the u.s., canada, france, all of europe and all of asia combined. they care. and finally, we have the inter-american development bank, the world bank, and the whole u.n. system totally committed to this and, again, i can't say enough for the commitment that president obama has made. and, you know, hillary canceled her trip to asia to come back and work on this. we've loved haiti for 35 years now. she's... she's distraught about it, but committed and on the job, staying there all weekend to work. the a.i.d. director, mr. shaw, is doing a good job e. we're going to get through this and i think there will be even more determination to honor the plan they have... it's not my economic plan, it's theirs. their government has embraced it. but we've got to help them with the living and the dead right now. and if we do this right and they feel the support of people around the world and next door, then i think you will see us resuming at an even more rapid rate the implementati

series of pretty lavish grand maps of the world like this one, and they are often called mapimundi, latin for maps of the world and contain the elements we have talked about and the circle here is a "to" map and the green is this circle surrounding the known world an asia the top half and the bottom separated are europe tloeveon the left an afr the right and if you look at the top of the map in particular we have a lot of the symbolism and christ is hovering are buff the world in a divine way and the message is clearly, only a divine figure who can look down at the earth and take the who'll thing in, see all of human space and all of human time, maps in the middle ages especially were not just limited to the geographical dimension and were also supposed to convey an idea of time and history and there are references to histories in the middle ages, being called maps, and references to maps in the middle ages being called histories and the line between those things was fuzzier than now. this is the east and we are dealing with a "to" kind of structure and under christ is the rising sun stic

aerosolization, tabulation, that was the duty of latin america section, the defector to get them ready what we have not seen as what was the third phase, the actual weapons of the delivery mechanism and macros to your question if we ever did learn that. but where the factory was built for anthrax had the mobilization capacity to produce tons of anthrax. some people say up to 300 tons a year. and i remind you that a teaspoon of anthrax spores contains millions. so this was an incredible production capacity that would suggest to me that it was not simply in a laboratory in the gorbachev only had to somebody, why do we have this type actor he? it was not research. >> going to that and then maybe we'll come up and then back over there. so this gentleman right here. >> thank you. carl lundgren from jonas speaks. i assume the dead hand in your title refers to the underground chambers that would allow the military to have a retaliatory strike against the united states in case the united states had a first strike that decapitated the civilian leadership in soviet union. and you're nodding so i

care andany, many others, including aid organizaons thatre less known to americs that come froma, latin america and the middle east. >> wner: now tomorrow you are heing into haiti. what are you particularl going toe focusing on in the next week. >> suarez: during thnext week of reportinging we're going to be taking a close look at a couple of area you knowhaitians have been pilingn to buses in po-au-prince and heading into the interior. heading further into t countryside, seeking relief from the conditions in the capitol. but the haitian countride is not in any particar condion to accept hundreds of thousands of refuge. so we'll be taking a look at that. we'll be taking a look at the role othe u.s. miliry and the haitian governments it tries to renstitution-- reconstitute itlf and get back into business. and we'll be pfiling one haitian sinessman who understands that witho workthere's no money. without money, there's no commerce. d he's trying to ju-start the factories of haiti again. warner: well, ray, good lucknd we'll be watching with interest and i'm sure on the brocast and on-line.

. >> host: he says for the first time for the latin students primus and to i am the first among equalsguest: jackson it's amazing, he succeeded, too. remember he did kill the second bank because there wasn't enough votes to override the veto and he successfully moved to federal ney out of the second bank and he won. >> host: at this point we are going to take a break and we will be back with you for more presidents. >> "after words" and several other c-span programs are available for download as podcast. more with john yoo and victoria toensing in a moment. "after words" with john yoo and victoria toensing continues. >> host: hello and welcome back. i'm victoria toensing talking with john yoo about his wonderful book on the presidency presidential powers, "crisis and come and." and we are now ready to talk about lincoln. 1861 you write washington founded the nation that lincoln saved. what do you mean by that? >> guest: the original sin of slavery dividing the country and lincoln steps in a position to revive the most unprepared man for the presidency and he saved by keeping the union

add also the consequence of the erosion of political and civic institutions in mexico and throughout latinrica, the kind of weakening of the states and also civil society that is too fearful to speak up. >> and also the fact we spend $20 billion on the war on drugs. but what are the results? okay, in the drug traffickers revenues are about $40 billion. so who's winning this? >> before we open up for questions, can you just -- if he were to give any advice to the audience in terms of when they read these daily news accounts in the "dallas morning news" and "new york times," the houston chronicle, and we try to understand from a distance was going on and juarez and other cities in mexico. what would you say are some of the discourses to watch for, and it's even the press is kind of putting out there that my kind of mislead us in terms of understanding what's really happening on the ground facts >> i guess this idea to people involved in the drug world deserve to die and that doesn't really matter because they're criminals. mexico is a great country, a wonderful country. it's our ally, it's o

so there are challenges associate with the latin america. the emergence of china. and what does that mean? and the economic -- i pay attention to the economic engines, china, india, europe. us, brazil. and what does that mean for the future? i think in the long run it will be the engines that drive outcomes. so this is important that we pay a lot of attention to with a what is going on in other parts of the world. we stood up. last. a year and a half ago now. in -- for the sole purpose is being able to focus engagement strategy from the military perspective of africa. a wond full continent of great resources. wonderful people. and huge challenges. whether familiar end. disease. and i think that the world will need to be engaged there. so, and then as i look to the rest of the world, i also try to keep my head up. i look to what is the united states military look like after the two wars. and i always worry about fighting the last war. and for where we are going you know. these will be the last wars. and how much of this is relevant for the future? and what kind of a

because my particular background is latin american, my parents are from cuba.ie. when you don't involve women, you are not getting the whole picture, you are not getting subtles or nuances, you are getting half the picture. we have to be careful because a lot of people purport to speak for the entire population but they don't. and it's to us to ask what is our culture and what do people want to change from within. host: virginia is calling on the independent line from wisconsin. caller: hello, and i want to say i think this is the most important program that c-span has done in a long time. i want to talk to the independent women out there, and tell them this is not an obama thing being shoved on women that really want to be slaved. condoleezza rise under george bush had incredible programs in the state department helping women in afghanistan and mostly afghanistan but iraq as well. eight regional women centers, economic development programs with our soldiers getting sewing machines over there. basically you have a chohce. re women that like things the way they