for a closer look at concerns facing this group, we're joined by laura meckler, national education writert "the washington post," dr. scott gottlieb, and emily oster from brown university, joining us from providence, rhode island. emily, you wrote an article about pandemic amnesty. you said, basically, we need to forgive public officials for what they didn't know during the worst of the pandemic. you had argued early on for opening of skochools when the pandemic was still raging. what do you think we need to be focused on now? because some of the debate still seems to be stuck two years ago. >> yeah, so i'm an economist, but i'm also a parent. and i talk to a lot of parents. what i can say is right now, parents are very worried about the next steps for their kids. they see the historic test score declines. they see the declines in routine vaccination rates for kids. and they want us to be looking to solutions. they don't want to be looking to rehash the debates we had two years ago. they want to know what investments are we going to make as a policy group to fix the problems that they're