and laurie robinson a professor at george mason university. welcome to you both. john, i want to start with you as a former police officer, the difference between a gun and a taser, i have talked to people who say, if you have the right training, the minute you touch that, you're going to know which is which. >> well, from my experience having used both a firearm and a taser, it's difficult for me to figure one would be confused. these are very unsettling circumstances -- circumstances that aren't very controlled. it's somewhat odd to me that you would have a reserve officer in that situation. why does a reserve officer has a taser? one questions from this circumstance, are too many officers provided tasers? >> and there's also, there have been nine incidents confusing tasers and weapons, you think they would change something or look at that. laurie, do we have enough data on what's going on? we're inundated with these videos now, people are starting to carry these body cameras, it seems like we don't have a handle on what's going on. >> martha, one thing that our