lawrence seaway. in many ways, if you took a photograph of a port like toledo or cleveland or milwaukee in 1911, the port would look chaotic. there would be hundreds of vessels operating out of that port on any given day. it would be different because they would be a wide variety of styles of vessels. in 1911, you still had hundreds of sailing vessels. schooners delivering cargo on the great lakes under sale versus a boat like the schoonmaker, which was operated with steam. we are now in the engine room. the engine room is of course where the power that is created to move the boat through the water comes from. originally, the colonel james m. schoonmaker museum ship had an expansion steam engine. by the 1950's, that technology became supplanted by steam turbines. the old engine was taken out and the new steam turbine system was placed in it. all of this equipment is based on steam turbine technology. except for the engine room telegraph, which stayed the same. it is now the other end of the communicat

lawrence seaway.tic commerce and international trade were strengthened as a major midwestern cities on the great lakes became terminal ports of transatlantic shipping. throughout the states, a vast program of highway construction was effective through matching federal funds. in the main, the eight years of eisenhower's leadership constituted a period of prosperity. production and consumption of goods reached new heights and the nation's economy enabled the president to balance the budget at the end of his first term. with the exception of coaligning and certain -- employment levels remained generally high. the eisenhower years constituted a period of tremendous progress in the fields of scientific research and development. anne a major gain against infant tile -- occurred in 1956 when a vaccine proved 65 to 85% effective. a significant scientific achievement and national defense was the design and construction of the atomic powered submarine under the direction of admiral anne recover, he shown demons

lawrence seaway was built. significantly, the first civil rights one in 1957, 1960 largely with voting rights. that was passed. the most ambitious road program by any nation in all history was our interstate highway system. eisenhower did not completely reject the new deal. in fact, he really accommodated much advice of fdr's -- >> the interstate highway system cost more than any other programs. it was a massive public expenditure. something that many of us experience almost daily in our commutes. he notes, as you can see the initiation of the space program which was nasa. again, that's president eisenhower. next slide please to kind of finish this one off. desegregation in washington, d.c. in the armed forces. defense education bill in the wake of the sputnik. soviet union sputnik satellite which put a scare into americans in terms of our technological capabilities. education bill was one of our responses to it. the use of federal power to force orders and big -- eisenhower saw these accomplishments. he felt i

saint lawrence seaway was built the first significantly the first civil rights bill in 80 years one in 1957 when in 1960 nearly largely with voting rights were passed. the most ambitious road program by any nation and all history of courses are interstate highway system. eisenhower did not completely reject the new deal. in fact, he really accommodated much advice of fdr's new deal. and harry truman's fair deal the interstate highway system costs more than all of the new deal social programs and work programs combined. so as a massive public expenditure, and of course something that many of us experience almost daily. in our in our commutes, he knows as you can see the initiation of the space program, which was nasa began under president eisenhower. next slide please. just to kind of finish this one off. big segregation of washington dc the armed forces the defense education bill which occurred in the wake of the sputnik soviet union's sputnik satellite, which really put a scare into americans in terms of our technological capabilities, and the defense education bill was one of our res

lawrence seaway and into the heartland and connect with rail and trucking and other assets. the your sense of necessity for us to make sure that we're funding infrastructure improvement cross projects in smaller ports located across our country, but in particular, those in the great lakes that historically have always been a major center of commerce? >> yeah, absolutely. and again, i would cite what i said to senator baldwin earlier. ofu need only to look at the pidp process over the last couple years yea and the -- the subscription for that program was in excess of a billion d the dollars each year. so, by four-fold exceeded the n amount of the appropriation, to get a sense of the need from ports of all sizes, including ue many, many of the small to r mid-size ports that you're referring tog, including those n the great lakes, who are seeking to improve their -- their port infrastructurecould so that thet be more efficient and more competitive in the global f marketplace, so it's a huge priority and something we're a e bigr part of pidp.lar we'd be an even bigger fan if we