. >> a layman might think that given that the hospital, the actual physical records of the hospital were in pretty good shape. is that the case? >> and the time i was on that program, we moved our collections from the old st. luke's, which is now an apartment complex, to five other locations in 15 years. so no, they weren't always in good shape. but they were certainly interesting. we had things going back to 1881. a lot of photographs. 40 boxes of monographs. everything from bedpans to stethoscopes, to the first machine cobbled together to do some open-heart surgery. i was at st. luke's. back to the initial conversation and the involvement of health care from the home into these early hospitals, now the advancement of hospitals and regional emergency and health care drop in centers, how do you see the changes, and how you see people perceiving the changes of the role of a hospital in the 21st century? >> rather than being unusual, the hospital is the default for major care. a lot of people think of the emergency department as where you go if anything goes wrong. especially if you are so

let's briefly review what it takes to discover and bring new medicine to patients in layman's terms. the process begins with basic research done by researchers within academic institutions. these researchers find postulate -- find, postulate and get insights into a disease and approaches for treating the disease. this is a critical step. it is light years away from having a medicine that can treat your condition. the pharmaceutical industry draws from this research findings once it has been validated. normally, you publish, it gets validated. you understand. the understanding improves. at that point, the industry may begin a jug discovery process -- a drug discovery process. it is translated into research hypothesis, often through models that begin 10 to 15 year -- the begins at 10 to 15 year journey to get medicines to patients. we create a monocle -- a molecule that we believe will interact in the right way. we run studies to ensure the molecule have what we believe is a desire -- the desired biological effect. we run multiple doxology studies prior to trial to humans. at that poin

is it just a layman's thinking that you couldn't prevail upon the insurance industry? >> taking more revenues and paying out in premiums is what they do. true. [laughter] >> therefore there's no incentive. >> not a bit. >> well, moving on question from the audience. the american medical association, the american hospital association and the american association of clinical physicians, as well as other healthcare groups have expressed their opposition to the current republican affordable healthcare bill. does pfizer also oppose this bill. if so why, if not why not? we are in a democracy. everybody can express their own opinion. pfizer has not expressed a formal opinion on the bill in front of congress. we support principles that we like to see enacted, like ability to access medicines, reasonable co-pays, fairness in the system, choice in the syst system. we support elements of those plans. : the appropriate risk to benefit the deal on development of drugs. >> speaking of which come out what you think the president drowned ahead of the fda? like him, don't like him? >>

so i apologize if any of these are too layman oriented, but another preliminary comment i would like to say that i respect the comment that we shouldn't be speaking about any specific building and this is not meant to be that, but you know it will be thinly veiled as to where the reference maybe on a couple of my points, so for instance we talk about dbi doesn't randomly inspect without cause. you need a complaint to generate an inquiry. the owner must disclose any safety concerns, and you know the requirements of the engineer of record to maintain records and the like. i guess my question really comes up -- you know, we may get to the completion of a building and decide that it's structurally sound and issue a certificate of occupancy or certificate of completion but there maybe discrepancies that come up that some elements of a building are not performing as expected, and when that occurs you know we still seem to be in this mode of saying that we're going to be complaint driven. you know some citizen or somebody has to make a complaint before we can do a follow up investigation. i

first person, using the had hisat he got -- he papers with the originals, but weik prefer to use layman that quoted much of the biography. only he was working on transgressions. so you can only tell that is what he is using. so the biography got utterly transformed. it does not mean that it is phony, it just means it is complicated. it is like every thing else paid you want to know more about it, and it gets more consultative. but i do not want to give the impression that i think weik was or that hen or -- did something wrong. i think he did what he thought he was supposed to do. just like you said, they would not be any biography if it was not for weik. you cannot do it. you have been trying for 25 years and you have not gotten anywhere with it. yes? express why,n ever or wonder why lincoln kept him as a law partner for so long? obviously -- douglas wilson: people used to ask herndon that and the only answer i remember and i do not think there are too many of them are record, but he said, i do not know and neither does anybody else. [laughter] >> douglas wilson: ok. douglas wilson:i th

. >> ed: as a layman, the idea is you try to go off the chain, will michael flynn say something bad aboutonald trump? >> an extremely important point. he's the main guy, then you're not so interested. you want to give immunity to someone who will take you up to somebody higher. >> ed: so far we are hearing of the committees are suggesting they're not going to do it. >> he may not have any information. he can say if they are investigating him for some sort of crime, he will get anything out of it. >> ed: we appreciate you both coming in with facts. we'll be right back you do all th on a perfect car, then smash it into a tree. your insurance company raises your rates. maybe you should've done more research on them. for drivers with accident forgiveness, liberty mutual won't raise your rates due to your first accident. and if you do have an accident, our claims centers are available to assist you 24/7. call for a free quote today. liberty stands with you™. liberty mutual insurance. your insurance on time. tap one little bumper, and up go your rates. what good is having insurance if you get p

. >> i say that as a layman. >> not an expert in weirdness. they are getting ready to fight about the supreme court nominee judge neil gorsuch. >> no supreme court justice has ever been stopped with the partisan filibuster. that is obviously with the democratic leader has announced they will do. i repeat, we're going to get judge gorsuch confirmed. >> this is the man who broke 230 years of precedent and held judge garland up and now he's complaining. >> shannon: republicans are saying if they force us to do the nuclear option it's on them. democrats are saying a bit of this is payback for merrick garland. >> what you are seeing is a deliberate effort by schumer to placate the donor base. in political terms, it's extremely bad strategy. detracts from the issues charles was talking about with nunes, the seeming failure of the president in terms of his legislative agenda, at least for a while. gorsuch has a wide range of respect across the political spectrum. it sends the message to the electorate of petty politics added -- at a time when the dem

. >> one of the things that i am worried about as a layman who has never been -- had any direct expertise in these matters at all is that i see you after 40 years and i see the handful of other people, maybe two other people who had a little more years in service than you, all of these people combined with well over a century experience, all of these people who have been there through all these presidents, are we right to see this is at least unusual, this many senior people leaving at the start of the administration is not par for the course? >> well, the usual practice is that the people in their jobs keep their jobs until their successors are named. that's the way the bush administration treated the clinton people. and that's the way the obama administration treated the bush people. same thing. thank you for your service and please stick around until a successor is named. so you have the a team. and both the bush people and obama people had no problem working with the holdovers. they weren't out to get them. you don't want something to go wrong when you have a whole senior level of act

it would seem to me, my layman's reading of this, that that's not the sort of thing the white house counsel'sffice should be able to obtain or get information about. is that a separate independent national security process? >> it is and you're exactly right. there's may be circumstances where it's appropriate for white house counsel to seek information about a counterterrorism or counterintelligence investigation that has led to a fisa wiretap but not in the circumstances where he's asking if there's a wiretap of his boss or associates of his boss. that could be completely inappropriate. if he did that, he's not a particularly good white house counsel and this president probably needs the best white house counsel and probably a whole team of good lawyers but i can't see any circumstance where it would be appropriate for the president's lawyer effectively to go to the justice department and say what have you got on my boss? >> congressman one last quick question for you. one of the things we've been talking about this evening is the interesting reappearance in london of the former mi-6 officer

in layman's terms can you tell us what would be different and more salable about your deal than what was presented last week? >> when president trump won for president he won by saying he wanted to replace obamacare with something which covered everyone, caring for those with pre-existing conditions without mandates and to lower premiums. the house bill actually ended up with fewer people covered and higher premiums. the bill i have put forward would lower premiums for the american people on the individual market but also continue the coverage caring for those with pre-existing conditions without mandates. we help president trump fulfill his pledge. that's the difference between the two plans. >> given that you want more coverage and that president trump had suggested something that sounded a lot like universal coverage, how are you going to get your most conservative colleagues on board. >> it is physically conservative to bay for benefits, number one. so my position is a conservative position. every fortune 500 manages costs. if someone that's ill, you don't chus write checks, you

explain to us in layman's terms what that is and why the president would want to get rid of that. >>o, donald trump paid an effective tax rate of 25% in 2005. that's what we learned from this partial return. were it not for the alternative minimum tax, the amt, he would have paid a rate of 5%. what the alternative tax does is recognizes that tons of high-income folks, especially people in industries to take losses, like real estate, often take large losses against their tax liability and many end up paying zero in taxes. so there's this alternative code that they have to calculate to make sure that once they factored in all of their losses and if it looks like they would pay something like zero, then they have to go over to the alternative side of the code and pay something closer to a fair share. and so when donald trump looks at the alternative minimum tax and looks back at his own history, he doesn't get as much credit for all of these real estate losses that he wants and lots of billionaires and millionaires have been trying to get rid of this amt so they can pay less to the tax

can you explain those in layman's terms, bill? >> first the immune system is remarkable.n recognize a virus that comes in, a bacteria and infection and fight it off. it can recognize your cells, if they are in my body if i had a kidney transplant and reject it. it can also see the differences in cancer cells versus normally cells. if the immune system can see those differences why did the cancer grow in the first place? can we goose the response of the system. katie: to turbocharge it. that is one of the methods being used. that is consistent across all approaches to umass therapy, correct? >> that is correct. that is to take the brakes off system so it slows down and doesn't harm normal tissues. you take the brakes off for some cancers, the one where the system has mounted a response, traveled to the cancer, and we both have adolescent girls, and it is the talk to the hand response. katie: and cancer says you are not going to get me. >> and when you thwart that response, the system is unleashed. checkpoint inhonor tar therapy. jim alison worked on one of them. there are

behind the curve or be too aggressive and this comment about the symmetric inflation, what is that in laymans? is the fed saying that they want put up too many speed bumps in this recovery? >> well, they put this word is used asymmetric into the policy statement so what does that mean? this is what it beans. for the last four years and ration has been running below their goal of 2% and they are under shooting their inflation goal. what symmetric means is that you know they will be comfortable with the fed running, with inflation running low the goal for little while. they'll also be comfortable with inflation running a little bit above the goal for a little while as long as in the longrun it revolves around 2% rated think that's another thing with stock investors, yellen was saying listen we are not going going to really jack up rates aggressively if inflation goes over 2% for a little while. we are taking this on a very steady course. charles: i think that's music to the ears of wall street but maybe main street as well whose saying let's get the party started. john thank you very much for

. >> that sounds like a lot to a layman. >> it does, but put it in context, the computer scientists foundkups. so all these lookups are happening, and 80% of them are coming from a single bank. when they looked to see who else is doing these lookups, the rest came from spectrum health here in the united states. most people may not know spectrum health, it's led by dick devos, the husband of betsy devos, now the education secretary. so it's raising questions, were there links there, were there communications? >> any accusation of wrongdoing? >> no, not at all. all we know is that servers are acting strangely. computer scientists have said, this is weird, it's not really being explained. we reached out to all the players involved, the trump organization, alfa bank, spectrum health. they all have theories but no actual explanations. alfa bank says maybe we were doing these lookups because we were receiving spam marketing from trump hotels. fair point. except they couldn't produce a single e-mail that summer. there are competing theories about what's going on. we all have questions and no ans

so for a layman, what you're saying works. right? for the president, does it hurt his credibility? >> that is one of the big questions. so the president's basically countered all these accusations that he's made falsehoods in the past by saying look, i won this presidential campaign that nobody thought that i could win. do you see the crowds that i had in kentucky last night? he actually told our bureau chief at the end of the interview i'm president, you're not. so his counter is so my version of the truth works. this works politically. i think the bigger question long term is what kind of effect that has on the way we view the office of the president. i think a lot of republican lawmakers who i spoke with will tell you that they're worried about the changing definition of the truth and what 245 methat m for having a normal democratic debates. we're used to debating facts of the case. but if facts are less clear, how can you have a reasonable debate. some republicans are questioning that in congress. so that is a part of our cover this week, as well. >> so it's interesting that yo

let's briefly review what it means to bring new drugs to patients in layman's term. the process begins with basic research done by researchers who are active in institutions and government institutions like the institute of health. they postulate, sometimes find biologic pathways that give insights into a disease or possible approaches to treating the disease. this is a critical step. it is light years away from having a medicine that can treat your condition. the pharmaceutical industry draws from the basic research findings once they been validated. normally in academia you publish and it gets validated by somebody else and you have the understanding improved and at that point the industry may begin a drug discovery process from those original scientific findings. to take this understanding and translated into a research hypothesis, often through animal models that began 10 - 15 year journey to get medicine to patients. we discover a molecule, create a molecule, synthesize a molecule that we believe will interact in the right way with the target pathway. we run stu

is the number one public health crisis right now, i wish that this was bold and drawn out where a layman have to struggle reading through this legislation to find out what's in it. there is a mandate that in 2019, some of this mandated substance abuse and mental health services will be lifted. that's one of the things that obviously we want to make sure for all the constituents of both republican and democrats, during this segment, probably someone will die from an overdose in the united states of america. 129 people fall victim to addiction and overdoses every year -- every day. >> the medicaid porgds portion of this is what you're so concerned about because did's vital to people with addiction. >> yes. medicaid. as goes medicaid goes a lot of other health care bills in this country. it's all kind of tied together. one of the things that we'd like to see obviously, there's an immense amount of cost, you know, involved, the cost in society runs upwards of $442 billion a year. the addiction costs. those are in additional health care costs, loss productivity with the work force. and also t

an italian catholic layman and community leaders who is one of the new and different st. benedict of our time. i asked marco, how do you do it? this is marvelous. he said to me quote we invented nothing. we discovered nothing. we are only rediscurving a tradition that was locked away inside an old box. weed forgotten. well, at the time it was a forced forgiving. the benedict option is in one sense a project of preserving the memory of what it is to be christian. hope is memory plus desire. if we remember who we are and desire to make those memories live again we have every reason to hope. but we cannot ignore the warning that father cash gave me when i visited him first and told him about the benedict option. he said if christian families and communities in the west, catholic, prodstant and eastern orthodox don't do some form of the benedict option then quote they are not going to make it. thank you. [applause] >> we are going to bring the panel up. i would like to turn things over to peter munson, editor of plow. this evening's event, he took the initiative to make it ha

so three different sort of types of immunotherapies, so you can explain those in layman's terms, bill. >> first the immune system is remarkable. it is the system in your body that can recognize a virus when it comes, even if it affects one of your cells, a bacteria in infection and fight it off. it can recognize your cells if they are in my body if i had a kidney translant and re-- reject it. and also we know it can see the differences in cancer cells versus your normal cells. so the challenge historically had been if the immune system can see those differences why did the cancer grow to threaten your life in the first place. and can we goose the immune response in such a way as to get it to eliminate cancer the way it eliminates-- . >> couric: like turbo charge it. and that is one of the meds being used. actually i guess that is is consistent across all approaches when it comes to immunotherapy, correct. >> that's right, one of them is to take the brakes off the immune system that it needs when it fights off an infection. after the infection is gone it wants to slow down and stop so

permanently fund the support service for veterans families, a program at the va that is sort of in layman'serms in a very simple way, sort of the hub of the spoke. all these different organizations and services use it. there have been times when their funding has been as high $600 million. average is around $300 million. it has to be renewed annually. if the va truly wants to make sure that homeless veterans is a term of the past, they need to permanently fund this program so the people working there are not in fear of losing their jobs and prevent had from being an issue. in addition, it's not just about getting a veteran an apartment. we can get him an apartment. it's about helping them have job benefits do, resumes, helping them find out how to dress and things of this nature. supportive services need to be there for the veteran, as well. happy birthday. i'm sure most of you know we are turning 120 in 2019 proudly working with members of congress. i'm not going to tell you who, represent tim walls will be introducing a bill hopefully next week. you can tell him i said that that will reco

so just to break that into more layman's terms, essentially what i said and what i asked our director to do is to let how soon oh they have 60 days from our last hearing not to provide us with their plans for how to abate the noise had to do some probing but essentially by my tradition of this code they have 60 days to make that actual improvements. so that squeezes their timeline down. i think they were giving us very unclear answers and have also, in the request for continuance, still given us unclear answers about how much time they need. so that is instruction was given to our staff. i would read pulling that item. we do intend on hearing the matter next commission meeting and so we will discuss that. item number one is general public comments. this is where public comment on any items that pertains to the business of the san francisco entertain come entertainment commission into seat currently agendize. is there any public comment? i think there's two and i know you guys want to speak about a different item that we discontinued so i will give you a chance. whoever wants to, first

what this means in layman's terms is that when the ice in the arctic should have been freezing in the deep mid winter, it was actually melting. and more warming and more melting means more sea level rise. last year, researchers published in "nature" an updated estimate of global sea level rise as this phenomenon accelerates. the prediction is not pretty. this new study doubles the previous estimate, putting global sea level rise over six feet by the end of this century. this led to the january noaa report that i discussed last week which updateed global sea level rise region-specific assessments for our u.s. coastline. the report raised the previous upper range or extreme scenario for average global sea level rise in the year 2100 by 20 inches to a total of 8.2 feet. noaa and its partners' findings were particularly harsh for the western gulf of mexico, the backside of florida, if you will, and the northeast atlantic coast. that's virginia through maine, including my home state of rhode island. coastal managers like rhode island's coastal resources management council or crmc are takin

ashink the overall view somewhat of a layman who follows equity stocks is what really occurs at the levelents. if you think through this a little bit more and notice the to move -- into her position, she is trying to put a cap on medicaid entitlement programs. is this part of an overarching component affecting the elderly and the poor? alix: let's go to your wheelhouse covering drug stocks. you have that and you also have president trump continuing to beat down drug pricing. what is the lead of that on all the companies you cover? and: it is a fair question first of all, the cost or pricing components are separate from what we are talking about with this bill that moves .hrough the house there are no affects that have anything to do with drug pricing. as we think about some of the large pharmaceutical companies and biotech companies, they really are dependent upon individuals may be under the care of a physician and obviously take medicines. if, in fact, you do not have insurance, the probability that you take -- you are under the care of a physician and take medicines is less. those remo

let me try t to stay this in stn layman's terms as i understand it, correctly the va estimates how muchch individual episode of care is going to cost and set sets aside funds for that care. that doesn't happen quickly or accurately than the estimate is ttoo high the excess funds reman satisfied and the va has to do an adjustment to put them back in the pot. those adjustments don't happen very quickly either. the department wants to change this to stop estimating each episode of care and instead do one estimate at the beginning of the year. my question for you is if we allow them to make this procedural change, but they don't get more accurate in their estimates, what are the potential downside consequences that could result? >> they are a pretty significant downside. accounting for abou the dollarsd the communities. more broadly you will have some of the same issues. >> you mentioned in your testimony the business released last week that included shortcomings within choice particularly those veterans at an average of 84 days to receive care. your staff informed the committee that they p

so just to break that into more layman's terms, essentially what i said and what i asked our director to do is to let how soon oh they have 60 days from our last hearing not to provide us with their plans for how to abate the noise had to do some probing but essentially by my tradition of this code they have 60 days to make that actual improvements. so that squeezes their timeline down. i think they were giving us very unclear answers and have also, in the request for continuance, still given us unclear answers about how much time they need. so that is instruction was given to our staff. i would read pulling that item. we do intend on hearing the matter next commission meeting and so we will discuss that. item number one is general public comments. this is where public comment on any items that pertains to the business of the san francisco entertain come entertainment commission into seat currently agendize. is there any public comment? i think there's two and i know you guys want to speak about a different item that we discontinued so i will give you a chance. whoever wants to, first

let me try to state in layman's terms, as i understand it. i'm a marine.urrently the va estimates how much each individual episode of care is going to cost and set aside funds for that care. that doesn't happen quickly or accurately. when the estimate is too hi, the excess funds remain set aside in the va have to do an adjustment to put them back in the pot. those adjustments don't happen very quickly either. the department wants to change this to stop estimating each case of care and do one big estimate at the beginning of the year. if we allow this change, but they don't get more accurate in their estimates, what are the potential downside consequences that could result? >> they are pretty significant downsides. accounting for dollars in the community would be seen as a material deficiency in the audit that we conducted of the financial statement. obviously, as you get into estimating, it's very tricky. by doing it at the beginning of the year where you're doing it as a more broad task, you could have more issues than you when you're doing it case-by-cas

can you put that in layman's terms? >> there are things that dr.which is the third phase that the speaker talked about. but let's do what makes sense, what we told the voters and what they expect us to do. repeal it first and that sort of puts the premium on getting things done then. brian: right. >> getting the replacement passed that will help the situation. let's focus on that. brian: the president's leadership could be and usually is invaluable in a situation like that from your own party. >> sure. brian: congressman, great to see you. thanks so much. >> thanks, brian. brian: straight ahead. now that the plan to replace obamacare is out in the open, will it actually work. dr. marc siegel is here. architect. dr. emanuel is here. they have a great debate. please go get dressed ♪ i'm staring at you now. brian: plus president trump he helping her get out of the darkest day tar tara conner jois us live. bp developed new, industry-leading software to monitor drilling operations in real-time, so our engineers can solve problems with the most precise d