the league of nations will guarantee the freedom of the seas, okay? and the league will be everybody plus outlaw states. the league of nations will be all of us and then, you know, the guys that don't want to play, like the soviet union, right? so that's kind of wilson's position. he arrives in january 1919 for a dinner in france and that's where he makes that statement about the navy and he's unhappy with the british and the french. the reason he's unhappy is not so much because the british have formerly demanded that we abandon our naval building plan, but because the british and the french are behaving very -- they're both broke. they need what? they need money. the french are charging us rent for our soldiers who are living in french trenches. imagine being charged to live in a dirt hole and the british are charging for moving american troops on british shipping huge rate, i might add, to help win the war that the british can't win without american troops. so, anyway, wilson is miffed about those things. you know how it is, the shooting ends but th

and the league of nations will guarantee the freedoms of the seas. d the league will be everybody, and the league of nations will be all of us, and the guys that don't want to play like this soviet union right. so that is wilson's position. so he arrives in 1919 on the 10th of january, for a dinner in france, and that is where he makes the statement about the navy. he is unhappy with the british and the french. the reason he is unhappy, is not so much because the british have formally demanded that we abandon our naval building plan. but because the british and the french are behaving very petulantly. but they are both broke and they need what? they need money. the french are charging us rent, for our soldiers who are living in french trenches. right. imagine being charged to live in a dirt hole in slime. and the british are charging for moving american troops on british shipping. exorbitant rates i might add. so to help win the war, that british can't win without american troops. so wilson is a little miffed about those things. you know how it is the

the leak of nations will guarantee the freedom of the cities. the league will be everybody plus outlaw states. the league of nations will be all of us and the guys that don't want to play like the soviet union. that is wilson's position. he arrives in 1919 for dinner in france, that's where he makes that statements about the navy. he is unhappy with the british and french. the reason he is unhappy is not because the british have formally demanded that we all banded our naval plan, but because the british and french are behaving petulantly. they are both broke and they need what? they beat money. the french are charging us rent for our soldiers who are living in french trenches. imagine being charged to live in a dirt hole. the british are charging for moving american troops on british shipping, exorbitant rates i might add, to help when the ward that british can't win without american troops. wilson is miffed about those things. the shooting ends but then the bills are coming in. there is daniels and benson, my favorite picture of these two. they continue

i thought it was only the league of nations we did not approve. does that mean we were technically at war with germany? mark: good question. >> until world war ii? mark: the question is do we never ratify the treaty of versailles, which we thought we only did not join the league of nations. wilson baked the covenant into the treaty of versailles. to ratify the treaty meant we could then join the league of nations. we never ratify the treaty. this is the fight between senator lodge and president wilson. we never joined the league of nations, thus we were still at war with germany until president harding negotiated a separate peace with germany that was nonpunitive. it was just to restore peace and i believe 1921. pretty remarkable. there's a question all the way in the back. >> i have been to some world war i and world war ii lectures and i do not hear a lot about the effect on the middle east and china and asia. i believe there was something woodrow wilson did to the chinese, a type of betrayal. could you explain a little bit on those aspects of wo

i thought it was only the league of nations we didn't approve. does that mean we were technically at war with germany until world war ii? garrett: the question was if we never ratify the treaty of versailles, she thought we only didn't join the league of nations. the fact is wilson bakes the covenant for the league of nations into the treaty of versailles, so to ratify the treaty meant we could then join the league of nations, we never ratified the treaty. this is that big fight between the senator and the president, thus we never joined the league of nations, thus technically we were still at war with germany until president harding negotiated a separate piece with -- peace with germany that was nonpunitive. it simply restored peace with them in 1921. really remarkable. there's a question all the way in the back. >> so, i'm going to some world war i and world war ii lectures and i don't hear a lot about the effect on the middle east and china and asia. because i believe there was something that woodrow wilson did to the chinese, a type of betraya

after the war it's about joining the league of nations. wilson wins that debate by the way. and after the war, the worst does not occur, america gets in and it's a relatively quick win. that is the question of the league of nations. henry lodge wins that debate invoking washington's farewell. we don't pass the league of nations, because it's entangling to a potential war. but at that moment, washington starts to seem less infallible. because we had violated one of the clear precepts. and the end did not come. in fact america seems to be rising on the world stage. now there's a fascinating period after world war one, where there is great doubts about why we got involved in the war, senate commissions are looking at who compelled us, was there a real national interest. the farewell address, washington himself starts to take a ding. the gettysburg address rises in prominence as a civic scripture. farewell address starts to fall out of favor. it's a fake one of the most surreal moments that i think in the book surrounds the rise of a group cal

then it's the question of the league of nations. y cabot lodge & co says it's committing us to a potential war. but at that moment washington starts to seem less infallible because we had violated one of the clear presets. and the end did not come. in fact america seemed to be rising on the world stage. and even though there's a fascinating period after world war i where there's great doubts about why we got involved in the war and there's these senate commissions looking at who compelled us and was it in our real national interest. the farewell address and washington, himself, starts to take a ding. the gettysburg address rises in prominence as a civic scripture. and the farewell address startÂv to fall out of favor.so6t it's a fade. one of the most surreal moments that i think in the book surrounds the rise of a group called america first, which was a group of folks who informed by world war i brandished the legacy of washington and the farewell saying that we should not get involved in world war ii, and this is the late 1930s and

after riverside in 1918 woodrow wilson came back to get the united states involved in the league of nations with the republican senate wilson's efforts to get involved in the league of nations. so to trade back into the fortress of america mentality that allows adolf hitler to build the strength know septembt 1989 world war ii again and we need the consequences of that. so what are the things with such great detail is the efforts to compromise he showed how to do it by surrounding himself with the best and the brightest of his time. the wisemen as well to isaacson called him. secretary of state was general marshall is the allied for victory of world war ii the undersecretary of state, probably the most capable diplomat and washington dc at the time. had george and then the book that designer in europe and also the need for the united states to engage in a containment policy. and then they knew stalin will also. was hard work with republicans but also surroundings of the great team that actually allowed him it was a form policy and allow him to do

the national league of cities represents over 2400 cities, towns and villages and that's just the national league of cities. think how many more are not members that have no. >> next we are going to joey garrison of "usa today." >> a couple of questions. the budget shortfall that cities are experiencing, said largely a result of the smaller sales tax intake or what is the revenue stream that is falling short that is resulted on this pandemic. >> let me take a stab at that and if someone else wants to add. >> i will jump in mayor when you get done. >> the mayor and i have visited around 15 different states. it depends. in ohio it's an income tax issue. when people are working that affects cities and places like new orleans it's a sales tax issue in the north carolina because they just cut them off. a lot of their funding goes to states and cities. each place has it different unique situation on their taxing structure but at the end of the day 10 million americans out of work, those are front-line workers that maybe her buying anything and they certainly are paying income tax or they are not

conference of mayors but i want to thank her for an sent the national league of cities in the national association of counties for their sheer dedication to this issue on badly needed federal assistance as we continue to fight the covid-19 pandemic. a quick note for members of the chess -- press joining us today we will take questions after brief opening remarks. if you have a question please put your name in media outlet in the chat and we will call on you. i'm keeping this brief and to the point. local leaders have been sounding at definite alarm for months about the need for direct fiscal assistance from washington as the virus rages in our city. our budgets are under extreme stress. arts fences are skyrocketing. our essential lifesaving services are strained. the need for public assistance is through the roof. this has been going on since the beginning of the pandemic since march of last year. today, only 38 cities have received direct relief yet mayors everywhere continue to do what we do everyday. we get it done. we run our cities with a balanced budget which we are required to d

the republicans woodrow wilson came back and tried to get the united states involved in the league of nations. he had a very contentious negotiations with the republican senate and henry cabot lodge, another isolationist who appears to follow wilson's efforts to get the united states involved in the league of nations so they retreated, country retreated back into thisfortress america mentality . which of course allowed adolf hitler to build his strength and of course we know september 1, 1939, world war ii began and we all knew the consequences of that . so truman and i think it's one of the reasons i go into such great detail on the legislative efforts, on the efforts to compromise is because he showed how to do it. he also showed how to do it by surrounding himself with the best and brightest of his time. the wisemen as walter isaacson and evan thomas called them. you had the secretary of state was george c marshall and general marshall was organized with the allied victory. dean atchison was the undersecretary of state probably the most capable diplomat in washington dc at the time.you had

riverside in 1919 woodrow wilson came back and try to get the united states involved in the league of nations. here very contentious negotiations with the senate with henry cabot lodge another isolationist to refuse to follow wilson's efforts to get the united states involved in the league of nations. the country retreated back into a fortress america mentality which allowed adolf hitler to build his strength and oil september 1st, 1939 world war ii began and we know the consequences of that. so one of the reasons i go into such a great detail on the legislative efforts with truman's because he showed how to do it and by surrounding himself with the best and the brightest of his time. the wisemen as walter isaacson called them. and he was the organizer the victory of world war ii and the undersecretary of state the most capable diplomat in washington dc at the time george cannon wrote the famous long telegram and also the need for the united states to engage in a containment policy. harriman was his ambassador to the soviet union who knew the soviet union as well as better than anyone and als

the un's predecessor the league of nations had also try to promote international cooperation on the health front especially after the spanish flu pandemic between $918.92 the un wanted to go a step further.

the un's predecessor the league of nations had also tried to promote international cooperation on the health front especially after the spanish flu pandemic between $918.92 the un wanted to go a step further when. created an immediate post world war 2 period it began with very great idealism and aspiration and there were some from whatever country who believe truly international order united nations and its various agencies would make the world safe for peace so that we would never see our devastation what brought war to again that was the aspiration but the cold war between the united states and the sub union was already jeopardizing international cooperation in 949 stalin withdrew the us s. r. and the east european communist bloc from the w h b 2 b. demanded exception to this issue she said this is going to be a partnership obviously but you want to add to our division to the conflict of the 2 world. palace was also a battle of completely different ideologies a capitalist designed business a state run health care system stunning success and nikita khrushchev was eager to seek peacef

addressed some of the hot political issues of the day for example, like very much against the league of nations, and entangling the u.s. in any overseas obligations. this coming on the heels of world war i. and harding is elected, and in no small part, because of florence is management particularly in the area of press relations. not unlike jacqueline kennedy, in terms of having a strong sense of how to frame her husband as the ideal presidential candidate. both in terms of his words and deeds, but in terms of his appearance. and the evolution of the media is very crucial at this time because although we don't yet have sound recordings, the sophistication of newsreels, and visual reporting is great and that the harding's were really the first couple, to have their images proliferated across all media both print in newspapers and magazines, and also newsrooms. which were often played, in the middle of you know when people went to the theater. and you see the silent films, and you have these newsreels, which of course had text because there was no audio recording, describing the scenes. so the co

she addressed some of the hot political issues of the day, for example, very much against the league of nations. and entangling the u.s. in any overseas obligations, this, of course, coming on the heels of world war i. and harding is elected. and in no small part because of florence's management, particularly in the area of press relations. not unlike jacqueline kennedy in terms of having a strong sense of how to frame her husband as the ideal presidential candidate, both in terms of his words and deeds, but also in terms of his appearance. the evolution of media is very crucial at this time because you are, although we don't yet have sound recordings, the sophistication of news reels and visual recordings is great, and that, the hardings are really the first couple to have their images proliferate across all media, both in print, in newspapers and magazines, but also in news reels, which are often played, you know, in the middle where people went to the theater at the time and saw the silent films, they would often shoot news reels, which had, you know, text, because there was no audio recordi

the un's predecessor the league of nations had also try to promote international cooperation on the health front especially after the spanish flu pandemic between $918.92 the un wanted to go a step further. greater than immediate post world war 2 period it began with very great idealism and aspiration and there were some from whatever country who believe truly an international order united nations and various agencies that would make the world safe for peace so that we would never see our devastation what brought war to again that was the aspiration but the cold war between the united states and the subject union was already jeopardizing international cooperation in 149 stalin withdrew the us s. r. and the east european communist bloc from the w. h. christ would we be demanded exception to this is it is he said to me this is going to be upon us really really obvious that you want to act because the big issue of. the conflict of the 2 world powers was also a battle of completely different ideologies a capitalist designed business a state run health care system stunning success and nikita kh

and after verse side, woodrow wilson came back and got the united states involved in the league of nations, henry cabot laws and isolationists to follow wilson, the country retreated back into the fortress american mentality, to build strength and september 1st, 1989, world war ii began and we knew the consequences of that. and he showed, he surrounded himself with the best and brightest of his time, the wisemen is at jackson and evan thomas called and the secretary of state was george c marshall, general marshall was an organizer of allied victory in world war ii, dean patches and was the undersecretary of state, the most capable, diplomat, and it was the first of stalin's design, and the containment policy. and they knew the soviet union better than anything. it is hard work with republicans, and they moved -- it was really, and allowed him to do that. >> what is going on in greece and turkey. why is it so urgent in 1947. why was this a fast burning crisis. >> because greece is at civil war with itself or 3000 years and 1947 was no different. a civil war going on increase before world wa

it was aiming to reestablish international solidarity with germany germany wasn't in the league of nationsat this point that on the one hand would be a classical political historical standpoint but on the other hand the question is why this campaign spread and appeal to so many other people declare war time defeat was viewed as a failure of the military leadership and the monarchy but also a failure of german soldiers although this was not recognized open late the black shame campaign didn't want to admit that campania. done so the blame for the defeat was projected onto the participation of african soldiers and it's a classic case of transmission if you wish or in a class or toggled suited to. the leaders of the campaign wanted to publicize reports of mass rapes of german women internationally a few days after the clashes in frankfurt in april 1920 an article appeared in england denouncing the presence of french colonial troops on german soil. the author of the article was the english journalist and labor member of parliament edmund deane mirelle. morrell felt were tight in d.c. and in hi

it was aiming to reestablish international solidarity with germany germany wasn't in the league of nationsat this point is that on the one hand would be a classical political historical standpoint but on the other hand the question is why this campaign spread and appeal to so many other people declare war time the theat was viewed as a failure of the military leadership and the monarchy but also a failure of german soldiers although this was not recognized open late these are the black shame campaign didn't want to admit that campania. done so the blame for the defeat was projected onto the participation of african soldiers and it's a classic case of transmission if you wish or in a class or tagalong sit on. the leaders of the campaign wanted to publicize reports of mass rapes of german women internationally a few days after the clashes in frankfurt in april 1920 an article appeared in england denouncing the presence of french colonial troops on german soil. the author of the article was the english journalist and labor member of parliament edmund deane mirelle. morrell felt were tight ind

it was aiming to reestablish international solidarity with germany germany wasn't in the league of nationsat this point that on the one hand would be a classical political historical standpoint but on the other hand the question is why this campaign spread and appeal to so many other people declare war time the seat was viewed as a failure of the military leadership and the monarchy but also a failure of german soldiers although this was not recognized open late these are the black shame campaign didn't want to admit that campania. done so the blame for the defeat was projected onto the participation of the african soldiers and it's a classic case of transmission if you wish or in a class or tag and sit on. the leaders of the campaign wanted to publicize reports of mass rapes of german women internationally a few days after the clashes in frankfurt in april 1920 an article appeared in england denouncing the presence of french colonial troops on german soil. the author of the article was the english journalist and labor member of parliament edmund deane mirelle. morrell felt website in dees

japan quit the league of nations. in the u.s. ndreds of banks shutdown, lynches surged in the south, the country numb and nearly broken anxiously awaited deliverance as david kennedy wrote in his pulitzer prizewinning history of the era. beyond telling your friend david to skate his lane, this is usually your role on this broadcast and others on this network to tell us, to reassure us, to remind us only that things have been worst -- worse in the past. is that still your view? >> well, not necessarily they've been worse but that they've been bad and we've come through it. and we've come through it because just enough of us were devoted to this notion that, in fact, we are stronger together as a whole as opposed to seeing politics as this perpetual clash of interests. franklin roosevelt the night he took the oath on the east front of the capitol, he went back to the white house and like a good episcopalian he was having a glass of whiskey and going to bed. one of the brain trusters came to him and said mr. president, if you succeed

just the violence of some of the during games affect the national league to. local journalist whenever i meet they wrote about the football observatory study that there are lots of cars in salvador and football is no surprise to the public. they must feel all the money. things are saying see if they all talk out of us in florida you got that's. what is that link to murder rates not for him when he says the structure of the national league is a much bigger factor only a few teams dominate and can afford decent players the majority of lack of proper training. and like in columbia pictures are bad the result. a lot of the little bundle 1 already but. also and then there is another factor which has to do with the whistle. well they have any. sort of. the most valuable step. for the laws that will set out this. wild some rest and let my america are indeed aiming for the oscars. she should have one. former brazilian referee for the number column who is a good entertainer both on the pitch and on tick talk but she's also an expert on refereeing in south america she sa

japan quit the league of nations. in the u.s., hundreds of banks shuts down, lynchings surged in the south. the country numb and nearly broken anxiously awaited deliverance as david kennedy wrote in his pulitzer prize winning in the history of the era. this is usually your role on this broadcast and the others on this network to tell us to reassure us, to remind us only that things have been worse in the past. is that still your view? >> well, not necessarily that they've been worse but that they've been bad and we've come through it, and we've come through it because just enough of us were devoted to this notion that, in fact, we are stronger together as a whole as opposed to seeing politics as this perpetual clash of interests. you know, franklin roosevelt the night he took the oath on the east front of the capitol, he went back to the white house and like a good e pis coe pail yan he was having a glass of whiskey a and going to bad. if you succeed in solving the depression you'll go down as the greatest president an

republicans, after 1919, woodrow wilson came back and tried to get the united states involved in the league of nations had contentions nations with the broken senate and another isolationist to follow wilson's efforts to get the united states involved so the country was back in this fortress american inability which of course allowed adolf hitler to build in strength and world war ii began and we all know the consequences of that so one of the reasons i got into such detail on the legislative efforts, the efforts of compromise is because he showed how to do it. he also showed how to do it by surrounding himself with the best and brightest of his time. the wise man as walter isaacson and evan thomas called them. general marjorie marshall is the victory in world war ii, he matches him with the undersecretary of state probably the most capable diplomat in washington d.c. at the time. he had george kenneth written the famous long telegram that was the first of stalin's design on europe and also the need for the united states to engage in containment policy. his ambassador to the soviet union knew the sovi

kuwait, a member of the arab league and member of the united nations, was crushed. it's people brutalized. five months ago, saddam hussein started this cruel war against kuwait. tonight, the battle has been joint. this military action, taken an accord with the united nations resolutions, and with the constituents of the united states congress, follows months of constant and virtually endless diplomatic activity on the part of the united nations, the united states, and many many other countries. arab leaders sought what became known as an arab solution, only to conclude that saddam hussein was unwilling to leave kuwait. others traveled to baghdad in a variety of efforts to restore peace and justice. our secretary of state, james baker, held an historic meeting in geneva, only to be totally rebuffed. this past weekend, in a last-ditch effort, the secretary general of the united nations went to the middle east, with peace in his heart, his second such mission. and he came back from baghdad with no congress at all in getting saddam hussein to withdraw from kuwait. now,

the senate rejected his proposal for a league of nations. this despite his efforts to tour the country, to rally public opinion to his cause. wilson hoped the president would be the repository of public opinion and that would force congress to act in the way he saw fit. by the end of his presidency, he was no longer the repository of public opinion. he was no longer popular. but he built a model of presidential leadership that is based on popularity. in the final year in particular for wilson's presidency, it is a lonely one. despite the grim reality, his transformation of the state of the union was complete. it is now a central feature of a wilsonian view of government and executive power. it was not immediate. in addition to the 1988 repudiation of the wilson's presidency, the country returned to normalcy in 1920 and his conservative successors do not follow his lead. calvin coolidge appeared once before congress. harding, hoover, coolidge, they are not delivering state of the union in person. they are reverting to the earlier jeffersonian

does the violence of something during games affect the national league to. local journalist whenever i wrote about the football observatory study that there are lots of cars in salvador and football is no surprise to the public. they must feel the money. saying see if they all took us in for you but that's for the. cut is that willing to murder rates not for him so he says the structure of the national league is a much bigger factor only a few teams dominate and can afford decent players to majority who lack proper training. and like in colombia pitches are bad the result. a lot of the little bundle. but. also and then there is another factor which has to do with the whistle. well they didn't see any . sort of. the most valuable stuff. for the laws that will set out those. wild some rest and let my merica are indeed i mean for the oscar is. sort of one. former brazilian referee for the number column who is a good entertainer both on the pitch and on tick tock but she's also an expert on refereeing in south america she says both referees and players are hard t

it was aiming to reestablish international solidarity with germany germany wasn't in the league of nationsat this point that on the one hand would be a classical political historical standpoint but on the other hand the question is why this campaign spread and appealed to so many other people declare war time the seat was viewed as a failure of the military leadership and the monarchy but also a failure of german soldiers although this was not recognized openly these are the black shame campaign didn't want to admit that campania i english time so the blame for the defeat was projected onto the participation of african soldiers and it's a classic case of transmission if you wish were in a class issue by targeting sit here on. the leaders of the campaign wanted to publicize reports of mass rapes of german women internationally a few days after the clashes in frankfurt in april 1920 an article appeared in england denouncing the presence of french colonial troops on german soil. the author of the article was the english journalist and labor member of parliament edmund deane mirelle. morrell f

more than one vote, which was an athlete for fdr, and for the american public because when the league of nationsbeing created, that is what britain was insisting on giving rates to the dominion to the members of the united nations. from that point of view, in the united states there was a very strong opposition to the idea that any country would have more than one vote. and fdr eventually agrees, and he also get something back from stalin. stalin says that he wouldn't mind if the united states would also have more than one vote. there is a discussion that there would be alaska and hawaii that would join the united nations. but once the information was leaked to the american public, there was a major scandal. people are actually prepared to forgive stalin for breaking the one nation one world, but we're not ready to accept that from their own president. so we are not supposed to behave like that. it was very interesting. at the end, as you know alaska didn't become a member of the united nations. i am pretty sure i'm running out of time. i will try to wrap up my presentation. again, i miserably f

to justify violence of salvadoran gangs affect the national league to. local journalist course we know about it they wrote about the football observatory study that there are lots of cards in salvador in football there's no surprise to the public. that's all the money. yet they all took us in for you but that's for the. charges that link to murder rates not for him so he says the structure of the national league is a much bigger factor only a few teams dominate and can afford decent players the majority who lack proper training. and like in columbia pictures are bad the result. i don't know what. the little bubble. but. also fun and then there is another factor which has to do with the whistle. one well they didn't see any. sort of. the ringback most notable step. for the laws that will set out this. wild some rest and let my merica are indeed aiming for the oscars. she should have one. former brazilian referee for the number column who is a good entertainer both on the pitch and on tick talk but she's also an expert on refereeing in south america she say

century, the debate on democracy focussed on growth as more and more countries joined the league of democratic nationsbut since the turn of the century, there has been what the scholar larry diamond has called "a democratic recession". some believe the movement towards democracy around the world has gone into reverse. today, we look at one example, hong kong, which one might been thought to have been all along to be pretty fragile and another, the united states, which is among the most established democracies in the world. with me to discuss whether trump and his supporters will go quietly as we look forward to the inauguration ofjoe biden on 20th january are bloomberg's stephanie baker political commentator steve richards and here in the studio, our diplomatic correspondent james landale. thanks to all of you. we start with an extraordinary week in american politics. for four years, the trump presidency has appeared to be waging a contest with the american constitution. this week, spurred by the president's invitation to march on the capitol, a band of trump supporters began a riot in washington dc.

it was aiming to reestablish international solidarity with germany germany wasn't in the league of nationsat this point is that on the one hand would be a classical political historical standpoint but on the other hand the question is why this campaign spread and appeal to so many other people declare war time defeat was viewed as a failure of the military leadership and the monarchy but also a failure of german soldiers although this was not recognized open late these are the black shame campaign didn't want to admit that campania. done so the blame for the defeat was projected onto the participation of african soldiers and it's a classic case of transmission if you wish when a class of toggled sit on. the leaders of the campaign wanted to publicize reports of mass rapes of german women internationally a few days after the clashes in frankfurt in april 1920 an article appeared in england denouncing the presence of french colonial troops on german soil. the author of the article was the english journalist and labor member of parliament edmund deane mirelle. morrell felt website in decent t

soon as it returns, he's on a tour to try to convince the american people to adopt both the league of nationseaty of versailles. he's out of the picture. and he's also giving sort of conflicting guidance. one one hand he goes to his postmaster general and says, hey, the war is over, it's time to ease up on that censorship. at which time the attorney general -- or correction, the postmaster says, that's nice. i think i'm going to keep doing it. he's reported to have told palmer, don't let the country see red. but at the same time he praises calvin coolidge for cracking down on the boston police strike. once wilson has his stroke, he's basically out of the picture. and his cabinet is divided. on one hand, you have palmer, the secretary of state lancing, albert burleson and probably most importantly, john tomely who is on the crackdown side of the reds. on the other hand, you have his secretary of labor, secretary of the interior, the secretary of the navy and the secretary of the agriculture who says they've gone too far. but no one is able to stop a. mitchell palmer. there's good historical ev

returns, he's in a whirlwind tour to try to convince the american people and senate to adopt the league of nations and the treaty of versailles. so he is out of the picture. and he is also giving conflicting guidance. on one hand he says to his postmaster general and says the war is over, it is probably time to ease up on the censorship at which time the postmaster says that is very nice, woodrow. i think i will keep doing it. oops you got me at the end very , quick. he is reported to have told palmer, don't let the country see red. but at the same time, he praises calvin coolidge for cracking down on the boston police strike. once wilson has his stroke, he is out of the picture and his cabinet is divided. on one hand you have palmer, secretary of state lansing, albert burleson the postmaster , general, and probably most importantly, wilson's chief advisor, john tumbling, on the cracked down side of the reds. on the other hand, you have the secretary of labor, his secretary of the interior, the secretary the navy and the secretary of agriculture, say they have gone too far. but no one is able to s

as soon as he returns, he's in a world war to trying to get the senate to adopt put the league of nations and the treaty of versailles. so he is out of the picture. and he is also giving sort of conflicting guidance. on one hand he lost his postmaster general and says the war is over, it's probably time to ease up on the censorship at which time the postmaster says that is very nice woodrow. i think i will do it. oh my gosh you got me at the end very quick. okay. he is reported to have told palmer, don't let the country see red. but at the same time, he praises calvin coolidge for cracking down on the strike. wilson has a stroke. he sat in the picture and his count is divided. on one hand you have palmer. secretary of state, lansing, albert, the postmaster general, and probably most important, his chief advisor, who is on the crackdown site. on the other hand, you have the secretary of labor, his secretary of the interior, the secretary of the navy, who have said he's gone too far. but no one is able to stop mitchell palmer. what's interesting is that there's good historical evidence that

were trying to decide on important issues like a new international organization to replace the league of nationshich had not been a particularly successful collective security organization. as i had said at the important oaks, many of the issues had been worked out. on the united nations issue, such as eight future general assembly where the for policeman as roosevelt called them. govern the united nations means that the premier powers in the world. the united states, great britain, the soviet union and china would dominate. there would be a general soundly were all nations of the world will be represented. but one of the sore points with the soviet union came up at he'll touch as well, but it was discussed earlier that soviet union insisted that they want to have all of that they are 60 republics represented in the general assembly, meaning georgia, ukraine, whatever, would be representing as individual states would be represented there as well, and churchill and roosevelt were not very excited about that. i'm not going to talk more about that because i am sure that we will pick up that issue.

important issues like new international organizations and the united nations to replace the league of nations had want been the particularly successful political organization, and as i said, many of the issues and on the united nations issues such as a future general assembly where the four policemen as roosevelt called him would sort of govern the united nations meaning the united states, grit britain and the soviet union and china would sort of dominate as the four policemen with the united nations and a general assembly where all nations of the world, and they were discussed earlier and it's that the soviet union insisted they wanted to have all their 16 republics represented in the general assembly, meaning georgia, ukraine and whatever would be representing as individual states would be represented there, too and churchill and roosevelt were excited about that. i'm not going to talk more about it because i'm sure that dr. plotke will pick up that issue. >> the future of germany, of course, was a very important discussion part in all of these conferences, namely the decision that germany

on important issues like new international organizations, the united nations, to replace the league of nationshat had not been particularly successful collective security organization. and as i said it, many of the issues were worked out. on the united nations issues such as a future general assembly where the four policeman would governor the united nations, the premier powers in the world. they would dominate as the four policeman, it would be a general assembly. one of the sore points came up, too. the soviet union insisted they want today have all of their 16 republics representationed in t general assembly. they are represented as general states would be represented there, too. and churchill and roosevelt are there. they will pick up that issue. the future of germany was a very important part in all of these conferences. namely that germany would be occupied militarily by the big three after the war. there was an interesting incident where tehran was talking about de-nazification. and they said we would have to kill 50,000 officers. he was aghast at this issue. we don't know if he said it