obviously if i was standing next to lee harvey oswald just before he shot, and i had a gun, that woulda nice thing. but the problem is that if you had enough guns to try to take out each miscreant, it would mean that guns would be everywhere in society. and we know that the more guns there are, the more mishaps there will be, the more road rage type killings. and certainly one thing that is very omnipresent in the u.s. is that roughly 400,000 guns are stolen every year. so if a lot more people start carrying guns, they're arming the criminal element. and that of course leads to more crime as well. >> do you think that, the prevalence of guns in the hands of citizens, some meaning to do good, others meaning to do bad and harm, is that affecting this figure? that american police officers shoot and kill at much higher levels than officers in other wealthy nations? >> there's no question that the prevalence of guns makes police much more apprehensive about citizen interactions. and in fact there's very, very strong empirical evidence that the more guns in a state, the more police shootings