only the legislature can fix itself. that was essentially the way things worked, especially after 1946 when the supreme court and the case of colegrove versus green said that the federal courts cannot get involved. that was the case i really kept the federal courts out of reapportionment politics until the 1960's. they simply were not go near it. susan: in tennessee, the legislative district had not been redrawn since 1901. douglas: the tennessee state institutions said very clearly that you have to reapportion every 10 years, but they had not done it for 60 years. ted: the question is what are federal courts telling the state of tennessee? you have to do something about enforcing your constitutional provisions. federal courts do not normally do that. they say, if this is an issue of the state of tennessee not having complied with its own constitution by not having reapportioned every 10 years, what business is it of the federal courts? susan: to make the point as we have been learning throughout the series, there is a g

that really got the legislature after rose. president toice montgomery to stop this speaker ban bill. we had enough alumni in the state legislature to stop it, but they passed a resolution requiring that at all football , the confederate battle flag be raced along with the american flag in the state flag and in addition to paying the -- playing the national anthem in the states on, they would play "dixie." they said we are not going to play "dixie" after the national anthem and state song. he knew that battle was not worth fighting at that point. at all football games, they would march out the confederate flag and the band would play "dixie." the black students would sit down and many other students would not. that stopped after one year. confederatewn battle flag issues here in 19 six to seven and 1968. that's 1967 in 19 68. yet understand the role of football. to understand the role of football at the university of alabama. even before frank rose was on , he called here coach bryant and offered him a job at his on the monitor

we have a state legislature. and the public sector, we have these controls that do not allow us to roll in the hypothesis. there are many institutions that have taken advantage of that. and many that have not. so it is a mixed bag of who is using it. we have for-profits saying that is exactly how they set policy. so we need better controls. we have to have better controls. >> i would jump in. it is a great question. i do think we are seeing more evidence and more convincing evidence from more rigorous work, that it is actually a real thing. and to make sense, i think we have studies that line up with it. particular leave the new york one you cited. the literature, the effect for need-based aid are not as large as the effects of student loans. and in some cases for tax credits, dollar for dollar substitutions. i do think it is worth asking, i have written about the need to rein in or eliminate some of the federal aid programs that are the most perverse, the plus programs that have unlimited borrowing. that's and o

a related, but different question is, when legislatures which are majoritarian bodies act, how often are they actually acting on behalf of majorities? my belief, based on almost a half-century observing washington, the beating heart of american government is this -- as government becomes bigger and more hyperactive, as the regulatory administrative states become more promiscuously intrusive in the dynamics of society and the lives of individuals, only a steadily shrinking portion of what the government does is even remotely responsive to the will of the majority. rather, the more government decides that there are no legal or practical limits to its practical scope and actual competence, the more time and energy it devotes to serving the interests of the minorities, often very small minority factions. so, paradoxically, as government s actionsigger, it become smaller. as it becomes more grandiose in its pretensions, its preoccupations become more minute. let me offer a few examples from governments below the federal level. this person emigrated to america from pakistan in the year set

>> he has worked with other african-americans in the legislature.ssue with somebody, you get to know them. the governor and i have fought, we have fought. he's a conservative, i'm a progressive. i don't agree with the defunding of planned parenthood and those things that the governor has done, but i will say this. he's a straight shooter. what he says, he does. and his ability to be able to put politics aside, joy, when we were in great pain in the city of cleveland, and also just in ohio in general, with the level of police brutality, young black men being gunned down for no reason at all, the governor was able to dethat. we have worked closely from that moment in 2014 to this moment. he's feeling he got some warm and fuzzy feelings for a sister. that's okay. >> who wouldn't? i wanted to play a sound bite. kasich doesn't get a lot of attention. he does have at moments the ability to be quite tone deaf in the way he talks about things like race. this is from an msnbc town hall last week when he talked about infant mortality. >> the issue of infant m

i will help you take back the governorship and the state legislature.ou see, i am a proud democrat and i support democrats up and down the ticket. always have and always will. and to the union members and representatives of organized labor who have faced a hostile agenda in this state, please know help is on the way. we are here tonight because we want, together, to build a future where every american can live up to his or her god-given potential, no matter where you come from, what you look like, or do you love. we believe no one who works full time should have to live in poverty in america and that every american deserves the peace of mind that comes with quality, affordable health care. we believe that, when a governor attacks teachers, nurses, and firefighters, it doesn't make him a leader. it makes him a bully. [applause] we believe america's diversity is a strength, not a weakness. and this all makes us, joined together as democrats. and i'm proud of the campaign that senator sanders have been -- senator sanders and i have been running. it has bee

both houses of the legislature had republican majorities. the republicans were, at the time, interested in increasing government involvement and were very reform minded. the democrats were divided, there were reform democrats but there were also many still that represented the tammy hall interest. the second factor was an expose in the new york press about the terrible conditions in bakeshop's, conditions that were and definitely very harmful for the workers themselves. after that expose was published in september of 1894 the besieged withs pamphlets and petitions and letters from prominent citizens and members of the clergy de crying the terrible conditions and urging the legislature to do something about them. republican introduced legislation. it was debated and passed with very wide margin. in fact, 90-0, not all members being present. it went on to the senate and was passed by an equally large margin, 20-0. vy morgan signed it into legislation just before the us and recession. >> this is an interesting story about the impact of a newspa

he begins to dislike the virginia legislature.e felt that the virginia legislature was counter to national interest. madison is part of a group of people who want the government to move towards national stronger power and want to be respected by the european countries and pay the soldiers off and want commercial regulation and want all sorts of things and see the virginia legislature and other state legislature as working against those interests solely for the sort of individual interests of each state. brian: i don't know whether you directly do this, but i get the impression that george washington and hamilton are one side and madison and jefferson are on the other side. i'm not sure that's right. what is the difference between hamilton and jefferson and what they think. mary: madison, washington and hamilton are on the same side and jefferson is in france and serving as the ambassador to france. and he won't show up until later in the united states. jefferson is off screen and madison and washington along with james wilson, gov

what's'she governor's relationship with the legislature?his, is that the sort of thing that could stick or would the legislature override that? >> the legislature could override his veto. it only takes a simple majority. his relationship with mainstream republicans is fairly good. i think for some of these other folks who are really trying to run on sort of the n-centraral tenants of the republican party. people that think my constituents care about this issue. if the governor would get this bill and he were to veto it, i could see them coming back and saying let's give it a ride and see how far we can go. >> why is all this stuff happening right now? tennessee has this transgender bill we've been talking about. tennessee just passed a bill that would let therapists refuse to take gay clients like that's a national crisis we need to start fighting. why is this percolating right now in tennessee? >> it seems like everybody is trying to react to the decision last year from the supreme court. at the beginning of this year's session, we had a n

they are not affected by any one of these bills that are making it their way through the legislature. >> but gun control advocates says the loophole has been bypassed the band on assault weapons citing last december's last shooting in san bernardino as a case in point. >> the two radicalize the assailants use this. >>> one of the priorities is to focus on illegal guns. >> and testifying today amanda wilcox whose daughter laura was gunned down by a deranged gunman in 2001. >> this feels personal to me because laura was killed by gunman with a 30 round magazine. he shot her four times at point blank range killing her instantly. >> but the california tough restrictions making us safer. >> one doctor says no one knows for sure. >> far too little research done on gun violence. >> new figures show napa humor wine production down sharply last year. the napa humor agricultural crop report shows the wine production down 29% over the previous year. total wine grape value was down almost 24%. napa county agricultural commission says the drop is due to an unseasonably coal and windy may that dama

the maine state legislature for all its partisanship, all its dysfunction like any other legislature in the country, they came together around this. and the legislature passed a bill that would make narcan much more easily available in the state of maine. simply so more lives could be saved. all the medical associations came out in favor of it, all the law enforcement organization in the state came out in favor of it. it was not a partisan thing. democrats voted for it, republicans voted for it, full speed ahead. maine's governor vetoed it. that is a little bit of an unexpected thing if you take a broad view of it. something like 30 other states have done this, what maine just tried to do. something like 30 other states have taken steps to expand access to narcan. it's not like maine was going out on a limb and trying somebody nobody had ever done and they didn't know what the effects of it would be. lots of states have done this, most other state in the country have done this. and maine's problem with heroin is as bad or worse than any of the states that have done this. but maine's

bills,of the negative indiana, mississippi, that element is in our legislature.re always sneaking around trying to do their little bad deeds. our sessions are 45 days. they must end exactly at midnight, no exceptions. and an innocuous bill that we had sent from the senate over to the house, just cleaning up work, had been added very "marriedthe words couple" have a group up -- replaced with "man and woman" and they did it when no republicans were the committee room. >> democrats. >> no democrats were in the committee room. it passed there and can act over to the senate -- came back over to the senate for final passage. it was so knock it was, no one really looked at it. it was pulled off the board at two minutes before midnight. i just met for some reason, maybe divine inspiration, i'm not sure, i flipped up the bill and happened to see those words. so we had two minutes to debate it and it is a rollcall vote. so they started adams, bramble, and when it came to me, i just looked around and the woman who is doing the rollcall called my name twice and then three ti

here in arizona, a number of anti-immigrant bills are making their way through the state legislature.thursday, house lawmakers gave initial approval to a measure that would require undocumented immigrants convicted of crimes to serve maximum prison terms without the possibility of probation or early release. the bill has already passed the arizona state senate. other bills under consideration here would withhold money from sanctuary cities and bar state funds from being used to resettle refugees. on march 30, arizona governor doug ducey signed another measure that requires undocumented people convicted of crimes to serve a longer portion of their prison sentences before they are turned over to immigration authorities for deportation. back in 2010, arizona faced boycotts and national condemnation for its sweeping anti-immigrant law, sb 1070. but advocates say the state saw a lull in immigration bills -- until trump's rhetoric helped re-ignite the issue. to talk more about the landscape here in arizona we are joined by isabel garcia, co-chair of coalicion de derechos humanos, or coaliti

>> my sense is that the legislature does not have the will to change the laws. i think the nra is too strong a lobby, so i wasn't counting on that. from the very first time i took office as district attorney, one of the things we did in connection with the domestic violence initiative we took a zero tolerance with batterers, those who beat women. we took their weapons and over the years when stand your ground was an issue i was very clear in my position. as a member of the executive board i went out with the allegheny county caucus and i told them this is bad law. you have two gangbangers facing off in the street you'll give them a defense if they kill an innocent child which unfortunately happened in our county. i think the straw purchases is a problem. they took what i drafted to harrisburg and they could. get it done. right now -- i won't have enough time to answer illegal guns. sorry. >> mr. morganelli? >> for many years i have been advocating at least ten years or more that we need to -- the attorney general should take advantage of the powers under consume

it holds up, he did it while the legislature was out.s gist there. >> someone who rape's people and someone with a lower level felony. >> they should be in jail -- once they serve their sentence i think you paid your debt to society. what we see here is the racial component. i think one out of every five black people in virginia is affected by this law. half of the people who were banned right now are black and nationally, you have to remember, nationally, 28 states have done what terry mcauliffe did. people are saying, this is about this enfranchisement. this is not about criminals. >> it's going to play out in virginia. there would be a lawsuit as well. i want to ask you about his advice. republican,s, instead of complaining, go out and earn their vote. there might be merit to that, what do you think? >> of course he can say that. at the same time, it's intention. it's not about justice and victim's rights, it's about paying your debt and your dues. if you want to vote, do not go out and commit violent crimes in the community. it's tha

i don't know for a fact if any of the state legislatures were able to do that. i don't believe so, which is one of the reasons for the necessity 14th amendment. you had abolitionists pricing for suffrage early. another reason for it, obviously, is the political party or which black men are going to vote. there is justice and expediency involved in pressing for the 15th amendment. talk about southern states, northern states did not allow free black men to vote. connecticut has a referendum to give the vote to free black men. that referendum failed. we have to keep that in mind when we are talking about this contested problem of race. question here. is this the last question? >> he is looking at people as people are looking at the construct of relationships, rebuilding relationships between blacks and whites, and that is based on the sense that black people are people. the idea and the context at that time, when there was so much hatred and putrid consideration, where did this come from, where he is saying, not only is the old not working anymore and we are going

. >> your legislature forced a special session -- >> but the legislature to their defense -- >> but dialogueine in which the charlotte law was coming into effect. and they had to pass the law prior to -- >> but you had said you weren't worried about that deadline. >> i wasn't. the legislature according to their lawyers were because they were afraid once it came into effect it would be harder to overturn. we can have that debate a longer time, but again, i don't think government should be telling the private sector what their restroom and shower law should be to allow a man into a woman's restroom or shower facility at a ymca, for example. however, in government -- and i'm not going to tell the private sector any manufacturing plant, any bank can have their own policies. nbc can have their own policy in charlotte, north carolina, or anywhere in north carolina. but i do believe in our high schools, our middle schools, our universities, we should continue to have the tradition that we've been having in this country for years. and we have a women's facility and a men's facility. you know, it's w

the governor of north carolina legislature miss the boat here.e used the phrase changing social norms. he's right, people transgender are more accepted today. last year was a big year for gay rights. i think he might have -- you asked him have you talked to anyone transgender before this bill passed and he all but said no. i just think he made a political stake here without thinking through the contours of the issue. any time you have to have an executive order to a bill you signed three weeks before you probably didn't think about the first time very carefully. >>> all right. let's lighten things up. last night "snl" was a real treat for seinfeld fans with larry david as bernie sanders encountering julia louis dreyfus' elaine. >> once i'm elected president, i'll have a nice -- in the white house gym. then i'll go to the big banks, i'll sit them down and yad yadda yadda yadda, they'll be broken up. >> what? no, you can't yadda at a debate. you yaddaed over the best part. >> no, i mentioned the vits. >> that's all today. i'm going to have lobster

the legislature started a session on transportation last summer, had full set of hearings in the fall, mr. bell who is one of the cochairs along with jimmy gomez from la of the conference committee established, was able to move his bill, sbx 1 listed on the chart from the transportation committee and is pending hearing in the appropriation special session committee and he is drafting amendments to add significant new funding for transit and go beyond just a state rehabilitation and local road program but supplementing the cap and trade programs and other programs with new transit funding, so that is due to come up any day. technically he would be able to amend the bill, the special session is one of those techniques the legislature can use for swift action so i expect when we see the language they would conduct a special session and move forwards. the governors bill and mr. frasers bill are on a slightly longer track because mr. frasers bill is introduced in regular session and it is just at the point now where it is clearing the first 30 day quite period and not set for committee hea

we might as well put the president himself as the head of the legislature. this makes it absolutely improper. he, meaning jerry, as against having any vice president. mr. sherman, member of the committee of 11 -- he saw no danger in this case. or notvice president president of the senate, he would be without employment. mr. randolph, remember, he introduced the virginia plan. mr. randolph concurred in opposition. thewilliamson from committee of 11 observed such an office of vice president was not wanted. he was introduced merely for the sake of the valuable mode of election which required to be chosen two to be chosen at the same time. that is the proponent. mason thought the office mixed too much of legislative and executive, which ought to be cut in separate offices. haveis the exchange we from the convention. and then if the vice president should be official of the senate, it past 8-2. -- passed 8-2. even one member of the committee of 11 conceded it was merely for the sake of the election. an afterthought at best. no convention delegate affirmatively def

we will take back the state legislature and in 2018 we will defeat scott walker. [applause] i am the only candidate in this race who was pledged to raise money to help build our party. fornt to be your partner the long haul not just when i'm on the ballot. we will take back the states. the state of feingold and baldwin and love followed. . go to hillary clinton.com. you can.or most importantly, i need your support on tuesday. in the primary. please come out and vote. vote for results that will make a positive difference in people's lives. come out and vote for a commander-in-chief that will keep our country safe. come out and vote for someone who will as she has always done find common ground while standing my ground. let's tear down all the barriers. let's keep being progressive. making progress together. thank you wisconsin. [applause] [applause] swift) it off" by taylor >>thank you for caring. doing?re you >>we love you. >>thank you. >>got it? hillary: i remember that. that would be great. >> you. ♪ hillary.hear it for >> thank you, so much. >> thank you for co

this time it shot through the legislature in record speed. what changed? >> it is amazing that you can work on something and work on something and then its moment arrives and it happens. one of the impacts of course was the fact there was to be or may yet, but once signatures are completed tomorrow, i don't think we'll see it, a ballot measure that would have done the same thing but what caught the governor's attention, not only would it have done a $15 an hour more quickly than we did. they would have our hands tied if the economy softened, if we needed to make fine tuning. any adjustments would have to go back to the ballot. >> this isn't as severe as the ballot. >> right. >> you tried twice and it couldn't get out of committee. some say it gets killed in the hallways. then the service employees and healthcare workers spent millions of dollars getting paid signatures to get on the ballot that nobody wants to live with but the polling shows it is going to pass. so they decide to cut a deal? >> this has been bubbling for awhile. we got it to $13 an hour tw

>> not without the approval of the south carolina legislature.e need to force them to give them the at. >> requires a vote by the state legislature to allow them to follow through on what they have already voted to do. >> but i don't know what the penalties are. obviously and he says they hash if a new and again they tried to take it down but will the gentlelady you deal -- yield back? >> thank you. and the substitute amendment for the ranking members but of those compelling universities that will last but the very tragic -- tried to cut but this could be a stretch to rehab right but that is what the flag represents off the we should restore that to is here are pictured cadets and their everyday. i yield back my time. >> mr. chairman i do have a question. with that threaten the rtc funding? >> i don't know the answer in rich but they are trying to do that as soon as a state law will permit and my understanding is. >> do you never there at period a man -- do they have an effort to be changed right now? >> minder standing is they certainly have tal

here, the arizona redistricting commission mel apportioned state legislature by almost 10% in the district court below found it did so for two reasons. the first was to obtain a partisan advantage. the second reason was a perceived belief that malapportioned districts were necessary to obtain approval. neither of these reasons justifies a deviation of one erson, one vote. justice kennedy: do you want us to overturn the factual finding that that compliance was the real reason? do you want us to overturn that as a factual finding? mr. hearne: no i don't, as a factual finding. we have said, as we've noted in the briefing, it was not necessary to underpopulate districts to obtain compliance with the voting rights act. justice ginsburg: may i ask you a question? it's odd that you're making this charge that there was an impermissible effort to increase a democratic authority power in the legislature. but the end result was that the arizona plan gave republicans more than their proportion gnat share of seats in the state legislature. and i think the numbers are, in total, republicans won 56.6% of

the second balanced-budget clear the legislature, and he is crisscrossing the state, announcing road repairs and construction. put $2r hogan: we billion into road and bridge improvements in the state. brad: with a republican governor and democratic-controlled state comee, he has challenges including transportation projects having to pass a scoring system, and he has been stymied on the resistor writing process. we want to take it out of the hands of the politicians. free and fair most basic principles of the elections. we don't have that in maryland. brad: we asked about the republican front runner. i could caren: less about donald trump. i think voter should vote their conscious for rubber they feel is the best person -- for weber they feel is the best person. i will probably be voting for john kasich. brad: is that an endorsement? governor hogan: not really. healthy working families act in the state would require most employers to offer employees up to seven sick pay days per year. off isy taking time important, especially for those in the food industry. >> we hear about your partl

that changed the entire dialogue of our legislature. in louisiana, we actually raised taxes to make sure that we didn't lose the federal money. now it's time, we know it works, ssig was a federal matching program, to encourage states to do the right things. the stimulus package, the reason it worked for education was, we put a maintenance of effort provision from the federal government that said, you can't collect educational resources, if you cut your budgets below the 2006 funding level. esca did it, we did it in esca. it's time we use new federal dollars. any new federal dollars to encourage and incentivize states to get back in the public college affordable game. otherwise, we won't have public colleges and universities. starting in the next eight years, when states drop off the map. >> great, thank you. in 2013, the new america policy education program made an impassioned case for the program. they said they wrote, the program is the cornerstone of student federal aid. it aims to reduce cost barriers that all time often keep low-in

so perhaps they really do want the legislature to change this. follow-on, whether how much he works to try to get the legislature to do it, i think, will be the big question. but on the main part, there's nothing he can do. and he continues, of course, to be in a box because of the backlash you mentioned, just within the last couple of hours, ringo starr became the latest person to cancel a concert in north carolina. >> i was just going to say, he did this executive order last night. has it had any positive impact on the state yet, in his favor? you know -- >> not that -- >> no, not that we can tell. you know, it may take a while to soak in, and people may have to decide whether there's anything -- any real teeth here, whether that makes a real difference. and for most people in north carolina, it won't. it could make a difference for state employees. >> okay. pete williams, our justice correspondent. pete, thanks very much. i want to bring in travis webber, director for the center for religious liberty at the family research council, and eunice

like a pork chop or a chicken leg so when they hauled off and threw the boxes across the legislature food is flying out. all of this greasy chinese food reigning down on the legislators. >> so why are fights so common in taiwan? what is it about the country's political system that breeds such frustration? >> the key to understanding the political violence or particularly the ledge shgislat violence in twaiwan is they're new democracy. >> in the 1980s taiwan begins to demonth k democratized. in addition taiwan's ruling political party is the minority in the legislature. >> they still couldn't get their stuff through the legislature because they didn't have a majority of seats so it's like when you have a republican president and democratic majority there's always a lot more conflict. >> is there any hope that taiwan would be able to stabilize in the near future? rendering these fights a thing of the past? >> i'm pretty confident that taiwan will develop some mechanisms for smoothing over the most violent of the legislative conflicts. >> but until then grab some popcorn and sit back an

i think it has to do with in some ways the size of legislatures. my california senate district has 1 million people in it. the state of alaska has two senators and 600,000 people. so get back to there are very few spots open. i think there are ways we can change actually our legislatures come increase the number and get more women in. but there are things that parties can do on a voluntary level. in california, for example, islet as a very democratic state and the state democratic party is quite powerful when it decides who to endorse and not to endorse. in many countries that have quotas they start as voluntary adopted by parties. the parties can make a commitment to a general diversity and use the little power that they have to increase women's representation. and i think there's a problem with women not running but in many ways people say there's an efficient at or women are not linking. i think women are rational actors in the a look at the very low odds and the high expense of winning a race as a nonincumbent and saying that's not a rational d