that is their basic point. >> you're asking state legislatures to not act as state legislatures. let me finish with this observation which is hard constitutional issues coming before this court because you are dealing with something unknown to the framing generation. the framing generation understood gerrymandering firsthand. james madison was the target of a partisan gerrymandering by patrick henry. he complained about it. so did george washington. hamilton suggested to john jay the federalists ought to gerrymander the electoral college for the 1800s -- 1800 presidential election. all authors of the federalist papers new there was a judicial solution. >> the case is submitted. announcer: next, your calls and comments on washington journal. then, c-span interviews with new members of congress. live, beto o'rourke kicking off his campaign in el paso, texas. book tv has coverage of the virginia festival of the book from charlottesville with other discussions on music and social movement, race, politics and crime in america. book, mayoday with a we forever stand. biographers david b

that has happened in a lot of state. >> only with the approval of the legislature. to propose the amendment to get to the ballot that is ratified that is not an effective remedy in the states of which you have independent jurisdictions are which they were adopted by citizen initiatives in was out of opposition. >> what you do about that partisan identification is not the only basis that people vote you see it changes dramatically with a particular appeal with individual candidates the head of the ticket. how do you deal with those factors of electoral results based on identification quick. >> the social class and the experts concluded which designed this plan the redistricting expert to testify that based on social science and his 20 years of experience he could demonstrate how the voter tabulation districts pass elections democratic or republican how they would vote in future elections and all partisan gerrymandering in the modern era is based on the social science. >> it turns out that this applies to north carolina or not but it proves very often. but the argumen

elections caused says that is to be prescribed by each legislatures of the state, the legislatures of the state typically control what is in the constitution? >> they don't. that's why i do think it's important to figure out. i think justice kennedy may have framed that question in a particular way. i don't want to go to far down the road if we are a litigating the arizona redistricting case here but i do think there's a respectable or commit that the legislature means state legislature and not the other parts of the state government. that's why i do think there are separate issues. >> you meet the people? >> it will good. there are at least four people to agree with you on that. i don't want to litigate that here. i don't think the result in that case, i think that case can be taken as a given so long as you can still say the claims here are not disposable and to his question, i don't think there's a constitutional problem when a state legislature makes its was itit respect to redistricting there undertaking at that moment. they make explicit what was ultimately exquisite after the r

members of the legislature, executive officers and may i present to you the governor of the great state of oklahoma. >> thank you. thank you so much. wow. thank you. please have a seat. thank you. thank you. thank you. man, i am just overwhelmed with emotion and joy. it's unbelievable walking in here as governor. i wish you could experience this. it is crazy. i want to first thank oklahoma and all of you in the gallery and you sitting out here for allowing me to serve as your governor. it is truly a humbling and exciting experience and thank my heavenly father for allowing me to put me in this exact seat in this time of history because he calls us according to his purpose and plan and he called everyone of us to do great things for oklahoma so it's going to be an exciting year and i'm excited to see what happens working with you guys as i roll up my sleeves. i wanted to recognize some of the honored guests with us. matt ponell, lieutenant governor. we better wait until the end because there is a bunch of people to recognize and then we will clap. all the statewide elected officials, spe

to get it to the legislature. -- elected to the legislature. >> who were some of the big companies operating? stan: the big three were and are exxon mobil and conagra foods. the names have changed. early in the day, what was conoco was really are co-, but the big three players have not changed much. the big two are still bp and exxon. >> you mention the influence over the legislature. what did that mean for regulation of oil in the state it wasn mark stan: always in a norm us battle to get any new regulation in place. the trend tended to run the opposite direction. regulations tended to get looser, not tighter. to doegulation having with the operation of that tanker, the exxon valdez were federal in arjun and focus. the regulations having to do with cleanup on the other hand, were fundamentally at the state level and that was part of the problem. regulations were a big part of spill.blem in the the federal side, it was too loose. the state oversight of cleanup readiness was too loose and that is why the company that runs the sound in prince william was just unprepared for cleanup. so the fir

having spent three terms in a different legislature, a prison that i call the u.s. house of representatives, it's quite a privilege to actually be able to work with a legislative body that has demonstrated the ability to get things done and to lead. and i know -- [ applause ] and i know because i've already seen it firsthand. two years ago the legislature here unanimously passed a resolution acknowledging and apologizing for gross injustices perpetrated in the middle of the last century against four african-american men, charles greenly, walter urban, samuel shepherd and earnest thomas. the resolution requested that the governor review the cases and issue pardons for these men. upon taking office i took action, joined by our cabinet members, i approved pardons for all four men a few days into my term. it is never too late to do the right thing. [ applause ] now in the gallery today is carol greenly, the daughter of charles greenlee. her father passed away in 2012 but i hope that he and the rest of the grove wood four are looking down with some satisfaction that just

[applause] i offer my thanks to the legislature for defending the u.s.-israel relationship by enacting anti-bds legislation. i know there are proposals to make it stronger and i welcome those. i reject attempts to target israel for disfavored treatment , and we will enforce the anti-bds provisions vigorously. this whole enterprise of targeting israel for economic harm is such a fraud and merely a cover for antisemitism. so rest assured, in florida bds is doa. [applause] we will be taking a delegation to israel in may and i look forward to furthering the relationship between florida and israel on a number of fronts. ask, how didmes you meet your wife? and the story was, we both happened to be at the driving range at a golf course hitting golf balls. tune up to play in some charity thing, so i was whacking away, casey was to hitting bays over. in between us there was a bucket of balls that was kind of half used, half filled, and i was interested in talking to her, she was looking at the balls to see if she could hit the extra, we decided to split that, we

so that's why i'm no longer in the legislature. since leaving the legislature, i found my voice as a palestinian solidarity activist. i found that there is a lot of -- not all, but there is a definite faction in the -- in my democratic party that was pushing anti palestinian measures. now, when i was in the state house, when i was a legislator, the conversation about palestine rarely came up. because we were a state legislature. we didn't deal with foreign policy mostly. now occasionally it does come up. but when i was there, it didn't come up. so it wasn't a big part of my activism. but what happened is, in 2014, the bds movement started gaining traction and followers and headlines. and this organization called the american studies association is a rather small organization of university professors studying native american history. they passed a resolution -- [ inaudible ] sorry, including native american. u.s. history. decided to issue a resolution to boycott israel and the israeli-controlled settlements. it's -- i felt it was ra

the legislature, the new legislature introduced 2600 new bills. we have flagged based on historical understanding what the city might be interested in, your department, 600 of the 2600. that is a lot. that is probably at least double than for any of our other clients. that is a quantity issue. in terms of highest and best use what the city wants to prioritize in any given year and what should be prioritized legislatively and what should be prioritized through the state budget process, that is very dynamic and something we try to be at tuned to because of the return on investment we want to produce. so if ab123 is supported we make sure every committee knows you support it but it will go on its own way. payment if the big cities in california are asking for half a billion dollars out of nowhere to address homelessness in california that is a large effort that takes a lot of time and energy. i want to be clear. there are only so many hours in the day. we do have to judge for ourselves because we know we are going to be judged. we have to judge for o

what is the early take on the legislature's reaction? >> this is something we have been working on for a number of years now and i have to say legislators above my age are pretty funky about funding this. they are like, why can't people just get a stamp? what i am seeing now is a bipartisan effort and our republican secretary of state is very excited about this. folks see it as a barrier for people participating and we should remove every single barrier for people participating in this fundamental act. >> that's fantastic. the data is mixed when it comes to whether vote by mail increases participation. it has certainly been shown to turn out in local elections, which is historically low. is that factory consideration as you think about vote by mail and are you seeing that same kind of trend when it comes to oregon in terms of voter participation? >> yes. i think vote by mail or vote by home really took a culture change and it was a gradual shift to vote by mail. we used it for school boards and bond measures and that type of thing. we us

legislature could not waste it all. industry was generating all of this money and it took an acute interest in politics because they are always interested in taxes. and in regulation. time, their influence over the legislature became enormous. and it was almost mandatory to be oil friendly. >> who were some of the big companies that were operating out of here? arehe big three were and bp, exxon mobil and conocophillips. over time, the names have changed as companies merged and absorbed each other. early in the day, what is now conoco was really >>. the big three players have not changed much. the big two are bp and exxon. >> you mentioned their influence over the legislature. what does that mean for regulations, regarding oil in the state. was always an enormous battle to get any new regulation in place and the trend really ran in the opposite direction. regulations tended to get looser, not tighter. most regulation having to do federal operation were in origin and focus. the regulations having to do with cleanup were f

when i first ran for the legislature i ended up running against a 3 term incumbent. i was outspent 2-one. my team and i worked really hard. we knocked on doors multiple times, the reason i share the stories i literally won that race by 7 votes. 20 years later, i have people come to me and say -- governor brown, i was your seventh vote, the reason you won. everyone who voted for me, everyone who worked on my campaign believe they were the reason i won. they absolutely were. that combined ever truly made a difference. for me, it is personal. i'm living proof that every voice matters and every vote need to be counted. i am we made steady progress to make sure every eligible voter has access to the right to vote. it didn't start with me. i have really strong leadership prior to me. former secretaries of state led the effort to ensure that we could vote at home. otherwise known as vote by mail and that is extremely convenient and accessible for oregonians particularly young people with busy lives. when i became secretary of state we move forward on online registration and

leading the charge in the legislature on this issue is representative bill poole. he along with senator clyde chambliss will guide this legislation over the coming weeks. i thank both of them for their leadership. [applause] additionally, i have listened to leaders make good points about money being diverted from the alabama department of transportation to supplement our court system and law enforcement agency every year. i believe we should begin to unwind this outdated approach. and, in fact, the budgets i am presenting will cut this annual transfer in half without hurting the court system or our hardworking state law enforcement officers. [applause] a renewed investment in infrastructure will lead to safer roads, economic prosperity and an enhanced quality of life. ladies and gentlemen, i am willing to call you, the members of the alabama legislature, into a special session, if necessary, to focus solely on passing this critical legislation. it's time to make our funding infrastructure system a problem of our past. [applause] this is a challenge that is felt by

they're not made by the legislature or the governor. and so certainly we want to work with a broad coalition and convene the business community, educators, those who care about our roads and transportation, around what those funding solutions would be at the ballot. there were some that recently failed. as recently as this last election. both proposing additional funding for roads and for schools. >> since you mentioned taber, which is -- so every -- you know, a means to raise a tax, you have to go to the voters to do it. some democrats have complained that's a pretty onerous system to do it that way. you've got a democratic legislature. is now the time to consider dealing with that? addressing that and taking that head-on, given you've got this democrat legislature? >> well, i think we're happy to go to the ballot if we can build a coalition that can pass. in our state, i think voters -- what's interesting is, they're willing to fund both roads and schools, but they have been a lot more supportive of local initiatives to do that. so yo

the legislature is charged with making policies, that is, passes the laws.the executive is responsible for carrying out the policies. and the judiciary is charged with reviewing and judging the policies. but while each of these branches of government have their own defining moments of duties they work as a team through a system of checks and balances. here are examples of what i mean. the president appoints justices to the supreme court. executive, balances judicial. congress determines the size of the supreme court. legislative balances judicial. the president has veto power over the bills sent to him by congress. executive checks legislative. the president can propose laws he thinks need to be passed. executive balances legislative. the supreme court has power to declare unconstitutional any law passed by congress. judicial checks legislative. congress must approve many of the appointments made by the president. legislative checks executive. congress a propiates money for the executive department. legislative balances executive. that is the way the constit

the start sheet and the michigan legislature honored the late congressman john dingell bereft in michigan in the us house from 1955-2015 2015. this is about one hour. [applause] [applause] [applause] [applause] >> members of the joint convention, and honored guests, i present you the governor of the state of michigan, gretchen whitmer. [applause] >> i have to turn it on. thank you. thank you everyone. it is a privilege to be addressing you tonight as the 49t49th governor of the great state of michigan. [applause] to my partner, lieutenant governor gilchrist, speaker chatfield, to the majority leader shirkey and to the democratic leader, leader greig and leader ananich i'm honored to be here with you tonight. to the members of my cabinet over here in the corner, to my daughters, sherry and sydney, my husband marc, and to my fellow michiganders, good evening. i am grateful for the opportunity to speak with you tonight about the growing challenges that we face here in michigan, the steps we're going to take to address them, and my priorities for next year and beyond. yes, get comfortable. [l

you have gerrymandered legislatures and the governor out there by himself. therefore, change does not happen. and the environment is something that ought to be a primary concern to young people. if you look at the projections in addition to the deaths that happen on a year-by-year basis, the earth we leave to the next generation will be fundamentally different from that which i got from the generation before. and we will have to come up with a whole range of things to deal with rising sea levels, with the debt. you've got these people in the various government positions, i think it is one of the first ones was arnold schwarzenegger -- but he can't do anything unless he has a legislature to pass the laws that he proposes. gerrymandered legislature are not going to be concerned. >> with that, a second young people question. [applause] changing thes are voting age to 16 for local elections. do you think that is something that should happen nationally? mr. schwarzenegger: i am not an expert on that. but i don't think that is where our problem lies. i think our p

the legislature got more and more involved. people were demanding, especially mothers, solutions and the big breakthrough came when california won the right to impose stricter tailpipe standards in the state than the rest of the country. detroit michigan, led by john dingell, did not like this idea. other states did not like this idea but we banded together with massachusetts, new york, robert kennedy was judgmental and giving advice. and we went with something called emissions waiver. which gave us this right, lyndon johnson also brought an antitrust case against the carmakers. for conspiring, deceiving and tricking. californians that believe they are working on the problem when really, they were just filibustering, delaying and tricking. and that kind of ended with a whimper. nixon settled the case. although it was under nixon that we had the first clean air act. so the waiver became part of the clean air act. but still in the 70s my lungs can attest growing up, we had a solution but it did not mean the remedy was at hand. be

he was in the legislature here in this building. mary came into this building two very important times to me. one was when she washed and give the house divided speech. the most important was when she watched him give up votes to mr. turnbull for the legislature to go to the u.s. congress. he turned over some votes to him that were given to mr. lincoln. and mary was very disheartened that he would give up a legislative post to another man, as opposed to asking him to turn over his votes to him. mary was very hard on mr. lincoln about that. if you turn into this parking lot to the left, this would have been where elijah and simeon francis's house would have been sitting in this vicinity. >> who were they? >> elijah and simeon, simeon was the editor of the newspaper. elijah was his wife. when mr. lincoln and mary broke up, the first engagement broke up -- >> weight, their first engagement broke up? >> yeah, there's a lot of controversy about that breakup, if they broke up because of he got cold feet, or did he just feel like he was an

-- of brea:ship at the state legislature -- by partisanship in the state legislature. how --s that been hard, difficult, easier than you thought? do you find that the state legislators are more able or willing to sort of come across those lines? >> with respect to our immigration task force, to me it has been relatively easy to bring republicans and democrats together to discuss immigration. and i will just add one other thing. in terms of our organizations, ncsl and nako represent two of the seven state and local government organizations that represent elected officials. and on immigration in particular, i have seen over the years we have all come together, all seven of us, to discuss immigration issues in the same room. we have a developed set of principles that are common throughout all seven of our organizations and we have used that in our lobbying efforts. but getting back to the task force. i've found that it's a lot easier to come to consensus among my members than it has been -- even when my members go to the hill and speak to people of their own party, repres

party polarization means the legislature often has trouble getting things done, especially when the legislature is relatively divided between the parties. in california, that was manifesting itself. they were not passing budgets on-time. policy was not moving forward in an expeditious way. era ofte was in an partisan infighting. the legislative efficiency falls apart. voters can see when things aren't happening. we of course see it happening in washington dc today. there was a sense in california that we needed to move forward to get to a place where we have a less polarized, less partisan process. these kind of reforms can be relatively easy once they get on the ballot. voters typically like political reform. we collected a relatively large survey where we interviewed over 5000 voters throughout the state and different -- in different legislative districts. we asked them different questions and analyzed the data. what is the voter's reaction? did they like it? are they crossing over and voting for candidates of the opposite party, and if so, why? importante most change we would like to see in

all of the things i am saying i wish the legislature could synchronize the system to make it universal across committees. it is a hopscotch approach right now. the water parks and water life committee might allow you to upload the city resolution. the insurance committee may request you fax it or hand deliver it or what have you. that is something we are dealing with. you want to make the finer point so the board members understand we are tracking how the committee's need to get positions taken by your board. in terms of balancing, we are constantly aware. we track every position taken by your board. i can produce that matrix at any point in time for you or your staff to demonstrate we are doing that. we are constantly aware of every position made by your board. >> do you make recommendations to the city or the mayor as to bills that we might want to support or oppose? the example when i it is on the california coastal commission at every meeting sarah christy, who i'm sure you know, comes before the 12 members and says here are 10 pages of bills, we recommend you support this, watch t

his legislature really stepped up in a big way after hurricane florence.e worked together in a bipartisan way to help families, schools, small businesses, fishermen, and farmers. but with many small business owners and families just one disaster away from bankruptcy, it's not enough to simply respond to disaster when it strikes. we must also limit damage from the next storm by rebuilding stronger and more resilient. weeks after hurricane florence, i formed the new office of recovery and resiliency to carry out recovery and develop strategies to protect our state from future storms. we've seen violent weather threaten every corner of our state, and scientists agree climate change is making storms and more fierce. it is real. and we're the generation that must act. [applause] >> in october, i signed an executive order to reduce our state's greenhouse gas emissions 40% by 2025. this won't just help in the fight against climate changeit will boost our economy by creating more clean energy jobs. [applause] >> we must also be determined to get people better educ

the railroad industry, again, they bought a lot of legislatures. they needed favors from both congress and state legislatures because they had been nationalized during world war i. they were hoping that the men whose palms they had greeced would vote their way and were afraid women might not reelect them. you have these very interesting corporate interests that have a strong effect on whether this constitutional amendment is going to go through. >> dawn, adding to this complexity, especially in a state like tennessee, considered a southern state, is the race question too. originally, the suffragists and the abolitionists were aligned around the time of reconstruction. when the sufficient ranchoists like susan b. anthony realized it was going to exclude women, there was a sad divorcing of the groups from frederick douglas. they were told it was not the woman's hour at this time. how did the race issue complicate this ratification site, especially in a state like tennessee? >> absolutely. the racist uh shoe was crucial throughout all of the american

that the people retain this power and they only gave so much of it to the legislature. the second thing is that we talk so often about federal constitution and not enough about state kaungs tuesday. at least here in wisconsin differs from how it works and the ruling shows that courts will, if people ask respect and enforce the kaungs tuesdayal limits in state constitutions. >> thank you very much. >> still ahead there is breaking news emanate from the brexit nightmare unfolding in enland. there explain what's happening and the art of the clap back in thing one and thing two next. in thing one and thing two next >>> thing one tonight. you may remember last fall when california was suffer through the devastating wild fires and he travelled to the elected official standing there about what they did wrong. >> we got to take care of the floors. you know the floors of the forest. very important. you look at other countries where they do it differently and it's a whole different story. i was with the president of the finland and he said we have much different. he called it a f

you have gerrymandered legislatures and the gofert it out there. and the environment is something that ought to be a primary concern to young people. if you look at the projections into the will deaths that happen on a year-by-year basis, the earth we leave is something i got from the generation before. and we will have to come up with a whole range of things to deal with, rising sea levels, with the debt. you've got these people in the various government positions, i think it is one of the first ones was arnold schwarzenegger and can't do anything unless he has a legislature to pass the laws that he proposes. gerry mannedered are not going to be concerned. allison: with that, second young people question. [applause] allison: consider proportional representation rather than physical gee graphical districts? mr. schwarzenegger: i don't see it is the problem of our political system in america. i again go back and am very, ry kind of focused on saying [speaking foreign language] on gerry mappedering. and people think of other things around it. and the

so citizens are concerned about somebody has taken in congress or in the state legislature don't have the ability to bring about change, and it cheapens our votes. host: governor schwarzenegger, you mentioned the california citizens commission and at that moment, is it the gold standard for redistricting reform? why go with a citizens commission versus an algorithm? the are talking about technology being so good, or some other thing that might create fairness. surechwarzenegger: i am that there are many things that would work. very tell you, we were lucky in california, and i think it shows you the great job but common cause has done, because the way they selected this group, it was so complex. but kind of bullet-proof. first, it was people that signed up to become part of the commission, then there was an independent auditing panel that picked 60, 20 from the democrats come attorney from the republicans, 20 from the independents. then, they give it to the legislative leaders, minority and majority leaders to take two of each away, and they went through that process until they narrowe

they have jobs other than being a state legislature. those were in the agricultural and sandals middies have heard thoselearly -- and sit on committees have bad -- have heard clearly that there are troubles with employment. -- >> what is the goal for the naco committee? bill: we need to engage more what level.matter i've reached out to the bipartisan policy caucus we have had conversations and i have met with the chief of staff and i believe that is an area we can all work towards having influence. that is room where i believe we cannot avoid talking over one .nother it has to start in that group for us to gain traction and work outside of that. when i was here for the legislative conference a few inks back, i saw two offices , and there were individuals within killed by illegal immigrants. the two scenarios are so far apart that we have got to bring those people in the same room and figure how to solve both people do not want to -- to solve the both of those. want to have any want to stay in a lane that does not reflect common sense an

he's from the san joaquin valley in california, has a long, long political pedigree in the state legislature and since coming to congress. and then to his left, we have kurt schrader and schrader is from oregon, suburban oregon, starting right outside of portland and running down from there. he is a democrat. >> and a veterinarian. >> and a veterinarian, that's right. you ran a veterinarian clinic. >> i used to be popular. everybody loves animals. >> right. >> while the rest of us were watching the super bowl, he was watching the puppy bowl. both of these are able, accomplished legislators. let me start john with you, talk a little bit about the prospects for an infrastructure bill, we're under the fast act right now which is the first long term funding we've had for transportation. it was on life support i think for almost ten years.

that the people retain this power and they only gave so much of it to the legislature.he second thing is that we talk so often about federal constitution and not enough about state kaungs tuesday. at least here in wisconsin differs from how it works and the ruling shows that courts will, if people ask respect and enforce the kaungs tuesdayal limits in state constitutions. >> thank you very much. >> still ahead there is breaking news emanate from the brexit nightmare unfolding in enland. there explain what's happening and the art of the clap back in thing one and thing two next. i thing one and thing two next ad. hmmmm. ♪ rub-a-dub ducky... and then...there's national car rental. at national, i'm in total control. i can just skip the counter and choose any car in the aisle i like. so i can rent fast without getting a hair out of place. heeeeey. hey! ah, control. (vo) go national. go like a pro. i've done all sorts of research, read earnings reports, looked at chart patterns. i've even built my own historic trading model. and you're still not sure if you want to make the

last month the legislature created a new workplace conduct unit to look into the issue.axpayers say they shouldn't have to pay for lawmakers' misconduct. >> we think that the perpetrators ought to pay for those investigations. and they ought to be held liable. this is an understandable use of taxpayer dollars, but the fact that taxpayers have to even fund investigation for activity that shouldn't be happening in the first place is a tragedy. >> the findings from the workplace conduct unit will be used to recommend any changes if needed for the state legislature. >>> a measles outbreak in the bay area has left a lot of parents worried. how many kids are getting immune vagus? our investigative unit has some of the numbers. we looked into several years of data from the california department of public health. it showed that last year 95% of kindergarten students in the bay area received all of their immunizations. in 2016 that number was closer to 90%. that same year a new law got rid of an exemption which allowed parents to skip immunizations for personal reasons. now it's

in 1831, the georgia legislature offered a bounty for william lloyd garrison's arrest. in south carolina, there was a reward of $1,500 offered if anyone was caught with copies of "the liberator." in charleston, in july 1835, citizens simply raided the post office. they took all the abolitionist literature that's been sent to the south out of the post office, they piled it up in the street and they set it on fire. by the 1840's, just being caught in possession of abolitionist literature could put you in pretty serious physical danger in most parts of the south. but southern power and defense of slavery never really just stayed in the south. it went federal and at the federal level in 1836, southern congressmen secured passage of what was known as the gag rule and what the gag rule did was all those abolitionist petitions that were coming into congress, the gag rule provided that they would not be read, never. they would not be entered on the floor of congress. they would simply be tabled and put in a closet. and the gag rule was passed in every subsequent session of cong

the virginia legislature obviously rejected that gradual emancipation plan and no southern state ever again considered emancipation before the civil war. there is a dramatic shift that happens in the south between the 18 20's and the 1830's. and essentially what happens is that instead of thinking about e future of slavery, leading white southerners instead came to the conclusion that without slavery, they had no future. and the reason this happens, why there's this sort of rapid about face is largely due to the emergence of an organized and vocal abolitionist movement in the north. now, abolition anymore as a reform movement, like the ones we talked about last time, abolitionism is the crew said to end slavery. and as a movement, it does not have nearly as manied a heernlts and followers as some of the movements we talked about last week. not nearly as many as temp rats, for example. but an litigationism is the most significant reform movement from this era. it has the biggest impact on american history and underlying abolition anymore a -- are a lot of the same kinds of ideas and im

but we have associates there in the legislature as do other states. i think you mate i made reference to it's not uncommon for the name jesus to open there. i have opened the congress praying in jesus' name. i think the real story here, by the way, i want to make sure it's clear, that imam prayed in that ceremony as well, so there was a muslim prayer there invoking the name of allow. i think the real story here a country according to puig 70% identify as christian, 1% muslim, we have muslims holding office, we have muslim prayers in public. you know, i've asked you, michael, what country in which this 70% of the population is muslim do we afford christian or other religious minorities the same benefit? i think what's unique here is in america we can do this. i can tell you, i traveled the world meeting with leaders in muslim countries, advocating for religious freedom. i think we are actually undercutting our ability to promote religious freedom when we are sending a message that the religious majority has to somehow be sequestered or silenced in orde

cline: part-time legislature earning $17,000 per year. it was a great honor. it was a great work-life balance. i wish we could duplicate it in washington. >> how long did you serve? rep. cline: 16 years. it was a great time and i made great friends and they are in session right now. i am watching as they go through the motions, same committees i was on. addressing some of the same issues. you look wistfully at how things are going now. wish the you say you u.s. house should have the work-life balance? rep cline: there are too many professional politicians and washington is too big and too wrapped up in itself, where the money is so big and the power, the influence over people's lives has gotten too great and we need to let a little air out of the balloon. i was sent here to try and reduce the role in federal government in people's lives. an effort people have tried for years and years. hopefully there are enough of us with this attitude and we can get good things done. >> before the state level, what did you do? rep. cline: i was a private attorney. i have bee

anything that has a state legislature setting rates is automatically very controversial and volatile. even though we can say, but wait, it's only for surprise bills, the perception that others will have is, under the tent. it's a reality we have to deal with all the time. and then i would respectfully say that i don't think that having a hospital bundle on the payment and having that be the entity that negotiates the rates with the insurance company is separate from the market dynamics that we have around market concentration in hospital systems. especially in rural communities. so i think it is a classic example of if you see the balloon in one place it pops out in another. i think those two are related and i'm a little bit nervous of having that much more leverage in the hospitals negotiating position when they are negotiating with insurers. especially in states like washington that have strong networking accessing. >> any further comments? >> i would just echo, i took some notes, some of the concerns you expressed in so far as one being the bundling approach in particular, i think

what the legislature is doing with the secrecy stuff should just absolute piss people off. honestly. these are what is the most she's thinking. this is your what is your position in this situation it's your children rule and this is a role that we're. going to. start with what it will do this is it will. killing mr rhodes is not going to bring my daughter back in i'm holding on tight to my other two children it's like. and i don't like to see them going through this. a murder of over you go over there forever changed your life and forever changed your other daughter full of. life for our change the relationship you had with those three girls to of course but it's gotten worse. when if this would be over with in the state would accept the offer we can focus on getting it all back together that's the point i'm trying to stress to you i don't care about james or rose i don't care about the public defender's office i shouldn't have to be sitting up here going through what i'm going through i feel like you're attacking me we're supposed to be on the same side here. this is not a

the local council could, the maryland legislature. i am not saying that is the right answer, but is not relevant to how we look at our role in a case like this or not? counsel: the maryland legislature decides the cross is universal? justice kavanaugh: no, the cross should come down. council could transfer the problem to maryland legislature, the court of appeals could decide. counsel: the remedy? the remedy is certainly relevant to considering it doesn't need to be torn down but i don't know if it plays into -- justice sotomayor: i think the question is different. the question is, do we think since there are other avenues available that the constitution this floor as a constitutional floor for an establishment clause violation. i think that is the question being asked. counsel: and the answer is no, i don't think that is relevant at all. the establishment clause trumped statutes. we ask that the court affirm. >> thank you, counsel. three minutes. >> ours is a middle path between my three excellent friends. the easiest way to resolve

>> so if the maryland legislature decides that the cross is universal? >> no, that the cross should come down. in other words, the blatensburg council could transfer the property to the maryland legislature. the maryland state courts, maryland court of appeals could decide. >> the remedy, is that what -- >> yes. >> the remedy is important in considering it doesn't need to be torn down. i don't know if -- >> i think the question is different. i think the question is, do we think that since there are other avenues available that the constitution doesn't require this floor -- >> i see. >> -- as a constitutional floor for an establish clause violation. i think that's the question that's being asked. >> oh. then the answer is, no, i don't think that is relevant at all. the establishment clause is trump statutes and so forth. so we ask that this court affirm. >> thank you, counsel. three minutes, mr. katyal. >> thank you. ours is a middle path between my three excellent friends. the easiest way to resolve this case is to say in the wake of world war i, crosses