then they took the campaign to the states and try to get enough legislatures -- state legislatures call for a petition to convention which is allowed under article four but has never actually happened. >> they came close didn't? they >> they can close. >> we have a map here. he made it to 33 states of the 34 necessary. >> 33 of the 34 necessary. i should add that by the time they got 2:32 and 33, there's a lot of dispute whether some of those petitions maybe weren't valid because the legislatures that passed those had not first reapportioned. it was potentially an enormous mess. who says we can limit it to the -- this one issue? the entire constitution up for grabs now? there was potentially dust -- disastrous history making event. >> it just shows you how great the passions were about this because someone like every direction soft down state illinois power seated in chicago. >> illinois two senators paul douglas and dirksen, the two of them epitomized the issue of reapportioned meant. they had very different issues at heart. they landed the forces on either side. dirksen dickson died u

i think they could say, tennessee legislature, you should reapportion and the legislature could say wereciate the advice and no. >> a great question. that was at the heart of frankfurter's rationale for his position was that we can't compel them to do this. it comes up later. you thought the reaction from brown vs. board was bad in the south, wait until you tell the legislatures do this. what ended up is they leave it to the district courts to enforce -- enforce reapportionment when the legislature doesn't voluntarily do it. it actually -- it worked. the state courts, i'm sorry, the federal courts, federal district courts made it happen. and it actually -- once we get through the decisions, it actually happens fairly easily. >> so here are the questions before the court in baker vs. carr. there are two. first, it's a jurisdictional one. can federal courts hear a constitutional challenge to legislative apportionment? and the second -- what is the test for resolving whether a case presents a political question? the first oral argument was heard over april 19th and 20th, 1961. that's -- i

so how could society or the courts expect state legislatures to address this? >> well, they're exactly right. that's the problem you're asking legislators to give up their own seats to somebody else, and state courts would consistently hear cases and say no. yes, there is a problem, but no, we can't do anything about it and only the legislature can fix itself, basically and that was essentially the way things worked especially after 1946

however, if the legislature acted earlier, say the prior spring to change the process to give itself the power to appoint electors, not the power in the hands of the people, that's a choice state legislatures could make. in mcpherson it was litigated whether or not a legislature could move from a winner take all to a districting system. there was a partisan motivation for that change and the court said the legislature's power was plenary. >> if we agree with you that the legislature has plenary power to remove electors, then once the people of your state understand when they cast their vote for president that the legislature has the power to remove the electors pledged to the candidate they favor and replace those electors with other electors? >> what we are asking for, what we believe the right to vote cases require is that the public told what they are voting on. for the chief justice's earlier question, if the public is told you are merely casting an advisory vote as opposed to a binding one that you can expect will be followed, that's a different case. >> what is the best right t

in that circumstance, the legislature can impose and enforce a pledge. once the legislature has given the power to vote to the public, the public now has a fundamental right to vote and to have their votes counted equally. as this court has said in a number of cases. the legislature cannot override that vote after-the-fact. justice alito: why is that so? could washington say we are going to choose 12 wise people to be our electors and we are going to allow the public to advise them through a popular vote to give them the sense of what the people of washington want. would that be unconstitutional? gen. purcell: if the legislature made clear that the public vote was entirely advisory, i think that presents a tough question, but i think they probably could do that. the key compromise of the the key compromise of the constitution as to electors was to leave it to states to decide exactly what authority they would have. states were free to decide to leave electors with discretion. as some states states were also still do free to choose electors today. free to

we're also working with the legislature on this. it is an interesting fact, you don't have a requirement as an employer to connect to your local health officer if you've had an outbreak in your business. often that comes circuitously. may take some time. there's a delay. that hurts our efforts to go in and isolate, quarantine, trace those contacts. and potentially help support expansion of testing. so we think strengthening employer reporting is also very, very important in this environment. as well. so those of you -- those are the broad strokes of what we're doing to help support our essential workers. what we have done building on what we have done, more targeted, more focused. certainly in the spirit of our time, spirit of collaboration with the legislature. and we look forward to updating you on the progress in all those areas very soon. but speaking of updating, we do on a consistent basis update you on the total case numbers as it relates to covid-19. we tested over 137,000 people yesterday. close to 138,000 people yesterday.

capitol bureau reporter ashley zavala shows us what's ahead for the state legislature. >>state lawmakers have 5 weeks to sort through hundreds of proposals some are in direct response to the pandemic i spoke with assembly speaker anthony rendon about what's to come in the weeks ahead is next 5 weeks we're going to focus on. >>again as many of these bills is good deals done as possible the legislature's long list of bills to debate include those aiming to address police brutality unemployment and housing red then laid out some of the legislature's priorities and to do something to stem the tide of actions or reactions to covid isn't yet we need to make sure we have all the services plays of the season like this. >>making sure that our public health care system is working the way of that out he was well this is a series of other those me we have significant things to do as a legislature before the in areas like education climate change the environment with the building now disinfected mandatory temperature checks at the entrance the legislature's returned to the capital c

to a majority in the legislature, which is just a body of individual citizens, the power to restrict their liberties arbitrarily and irrationally. and the argument is that that cannot be presumed. maybe somebody could consent to that if you ask them to, although i would think paul would think that contract was unconscionable, but they certainly can't be presumed. so no one can be presumed to consent to the legislature the power to restrict their liberties arbitrarily or irrationally. so was this such a law? that's what the court decided. >> that, randy, as i saundersta it, is not the position of liberty contract, which is the story of many who wanted to rehabilitate it. i think historians generally agree the police power had a prominent effect as the scholars have been suggesting. but one of the things i want to ask you both while i have you is whether there isn't a third way between a strong liberty of contract view and a view that in fact there was no regulation of business, et cetera, because clearly, they did regulate business through police power. liberty wasn't the only power.

actually pushing state legislatures to increase teacher pay. there was a broad consensus amongst the general public, not only the teachers, but the general public that teachers were under paid for the work that they do. teachers were getting paid 26, $27,000 per year. kindergarten, first, second great teachers, the teachers who met matter the most in kids lives. so now that he's states are dealing with these huge budget crisis, the first and is teacher pay. all of the initiatives to raise teacher pay are thrown out today. we were tracking actually which states were and were not going to increase teacher pay and we really -- we thought this would be the of which they would finally fork over millions come hundreds of billions of dollars it would cost for teacher pay. just raise it five, $6000. all those initiatives are gone now. i should point out that any district that does decide to raise teacher pay such as denver, there are a handful of district in florida who are doing this now, all that money is coming out of the savings account. all that m

the state legislature made zero efforts in order to hire that number of people. right. so this is clearly a situation in which the state legislature has ulterior motive in passing the law and when they refuse to hire the number of workers needed to implement the law. that tells us this is about something else and the supreme court completely ignored that. >> thank you for all of that. you've said many things including arguing that the florida requirement was the equivalent of a poll tax. friends, i was reminded from alex's book, the origin of poll tax doesn't mean poll going to the poll but poll as a head tax, a tax that each individual voter pays and of course it was the 24th amendment that abolished poll taxes and said that the right to vote shall know be abridged by account of paying. derek, it falls to you to have the last word. so much to talk about. but i would love our viewers to hear a defense, if you were inclined to make it, of the courts' both in the wisconsin absentee ballot case and the florida case, broadly you've argued in favor of the judicial deference

hours movement, voted in the two houses of the legislature 120-0. and not only did it vote 120-0, but it did it twice because the original bill had in it the provision read no person could work in a bakery for more than ten hours. the governor's lawyer was worried that was unconstitutional and changed it to no employee, and it went back to the legislature and was voted again. even 11 of the 21 judges who voted on lochner voted in favor of the legislation. if you take all the new york judges that voted on lochner. so only one judge made this decision. and that was one of the complaints against lochner. and i want to say a couple things. one is about the police power. there was an outer limit to the police power before lochner. it comes out of the old contract clause cases involving mostly businesses that received charters and grants and special privileges from the government. and what it said is that the police power was not -- it was extensive but not unlimited. and what the limit was that the state could not deprive a corporation of its property. i

being the florida legislature, which -- which is entirely republican. to override the efforts of what has been a multiyear popular mobilization, in order to allow convicted felons to have their rights restored. after they had served their sentences. i mean, that's really -- that's not the main and, you know, and -- and -- vermont model. it's simply to eliminate permanent and lifetime disenfranchisement. and there was an extraordinary, popular movement to -- to overturn that. and it worked. and then, the legislature turned around and said, but you have to pay all your court fees and you have to pay all your fines. and if you don't pay that and you vote, that's a felony, again, so you'll be put in jail. but meanwhile, we actually can't tell you how much money you owe because we don't have a record of the -- you know, of the fines and the court fees. i found it very disturbing that the supreme court, in effect, said, at least for this election cycle, that sort of stay. in effect, preventing hundreds of thousands of people from voting that -- that the supre

that is what judging should require of legislatures. ms.in: and so ends our episode on lochner versus new york. >> what you can do is look at a book written by tony morrow, 12 cases that we selected for the series. if you go to our website, www. c-span.org/landmarkcases, you can purchase it and we can send it out to you quickly. as we close tonight, let me say thank you to randy barnett and to paul kens. gentlemen, thank you very much. >> ♪ ♪ >> announcer: up next on american history tv, the supreme court historical society hosts a discussion on the 1905 u.s. >> supreme court case lochner v. new let me now mention how much we appreciate the fact that justice breyer has agreed to host this evening. we are sincerely grateful to you for that. brief comments about justice breyer can't begin to do justice to him, so i will have to be unjust in light of time constraints that i am subject to.

>> the outside legislature was endorsing barack obama. and inside the legislature i'm up from a poor community in the library is a big deal that's my biggest accomplishment. and that's a place where they can go community programs that something very proud to accomplish. >> thank you so much to be very inspiring. thank you so much for being here tonight. and if you have an opportunity to buy the books please do. >> and give a shout out. >> congratulations.

there is an ongoing political crisis with the governor, legislature, teachers union. this is one of the things my colleague have wrapped our brains -- wrapped our brains about because the political --entum behind teacher pay eight months ago, nine months ago, there was a huge movement. thousands of teachers decked in red. indianapolis, actually. a broad consensus amongst the general public that teachers were underpaid for what they do. teachers getting paid $26,000 a year. kindergarten, first, second grade teachers. the teachers who matter the most. now that these states are dealing with huge budget crisis, the first thing that will go is teacher pay. all of the initiatives to raise teacher pay are out the door. we were tracking which states were and were not going to increase teacher pay and had concluded this would be the year in which states would finally fork over the hundreds of millions of dollars that it would cost to increase teacher pay. raise it $5,000 or $6,000. all of those initiatives are gone. i should point out that any district that does decide to hand

so we had 130, 135 legislatures and one governor that signed off on that specific provision. >> that's true. that's true. paul brings up an important point. the provision regulated the maximum hours and it did not regulate the maximum hours of the owners that worked in the same conditions. they were allowed to work longer than ten hours a day and more than 60 hours a week which is another reason yet court became suspicious of this one provision after saying all of the rest of the health and safety rules were perfectly okay. >> it's time to introduce a character who will be part of our drama later on in the story, as well as this early stage. his name is henry weissmann. who was henry weissmann and what did he have to do with the passage of new york's bake shop law? >> henry weissmann is actually a very interesting character and i don't know how this has happened to me, normally i choose someone that's hard to follow. he's not really famous, but he's famous enough that you can find little bits and pieces about him. what i did learn is he was a german national and he was a baker in germa

now, the legislature has taken this issue up. it's fine tuning some guidelines on how that will work. again, the recommendation that we'll be making at the department of ed ka situation to honor the amount of distance learning that it can based on whatparents ask for. we do know there are going to need to be some balance of distance learning and some in-class instruction. and that's a decision made by each of our school districts with support and guidance from the state. >> all right. time, we will take a short break every year, you can see spectacular celebrities at aids walk san francisco. this year they are coming to you! join bette midler gloria estefan matt bomerstars of que rupaul's drag race superstars. for aids walk san francisco live at home, streaming on july 19 to benefit prc and their covid relief efforts all over the city. register now at aidswalk.net . >>> and we are back with state superintendent public education tony thurmon, great to have him again. tony, we talked about this before. just to remind our viewers, d

event later in the senate were a lot of the legislature controlled things. with the house in the senate there in georgia. >> i know this time in his house was particularly difficult for him and his nemesis was a guy last name was floyd and his nickname was sloppy. and for every time he served and has ten years and every time he was sworn in and subsequently he would make a point of leaving the room. and so, that was the atmosphere in which she had to struggle. that was one of the reasons he ran for the senate. in the senate as is often the case was better behaved a body so he likes the senate better. and he did feel a degree of collegiality with some of his fellow -- mike even who didn't share his politics was was most of them, he had a better experience in the senate. and generally, like his time in political office. >> so in 1976 he decides to run for his seats he helped create. and in 1969, his best friend at the time was john lewis and he wrote him a letter encouraging him and his best friend to run for this congressional seat to this is back in 69. he d

and what happens is the legislature during reconstruction decides that there strategy to lure people back to the republican parties to they can survive after the removal of federal troops is that they would get back a number of things that new orleans always wanted done, including moving back the slaughterhouse of the city and and will put racial anonymity aside for progress. they really think and they say they did not like the legislator but are actually getting good things done. of course, is not the way it's going to turn out. >> we are going to next take you to the legislator where this piece of legislation was brought in, and it's an interesting because a legislator in the reconstruction south and particularly louisiana. . there are racial politics attached to it, let's watch. we are in an area to louisiana state museum that is for radical reconstruction. we are looking at a ballot box from about 1875, and the box is important, not only because it's a unique object, but also because of what it represents. voting rights in louisiana and reconstruction. after the civil war, and ne

without approval from hong kong's legislature which is partially elected.despread fear among residents. she said she knew some details but says the reality is it would never have been passed by hong kong's legislature. the us secretary of state mike pompeo has announced the removal of pro—democracy book is from bookshops as orwellian. there is much more on the bbc website and on our twitter feeds. is much more on the bbc website and on our twitterfeeds. give watching. —— thank you for watching. well, not much happening with the weather out there at the moment. a lot of dry weather, some clear spells. and, actually, tuesday morning isn't looking too bad at all across most of the uk. however, rain is expected, and once it arrives, it might stick around all through the day. and it will end up being grey, damp and cool at least for some of us — not everywhere. now, at the moment, you can see the gap in the weather across the uk — some clear spells here. but out in the atlantic is this daisy chain of weather fronts. you can see the clouds here, rain—bearing clou

ever elected to serve in the indiana state legislature. and as a cuban-american candidate, she would be the first latina to represent this in congress. so this is one of those, i would love it if christina was on the shelf right now. because we would be laughing. she is like a standup act. she is funny, she is real, she loves animals. she is smart, with smart. incredibly hard worker. and we think, this is a seed that affected the day, we would not have thought we had a shot to produce an open seat and christina's holdings lookpe gre. >> is a good idea. maybee in october, to get some f these candidates on just to talk with them and hear about their experiences thus far. >> we will ask. >> she is running. and there's a couple of matchups and against another woman in the general election. >> we will be happy to do that. catholic some of these candidates, but not to say no them is to love them. they say that repeatedly about jacky gordon. and also running in another open seat, peter kings out of new york. but you could get in the conversation

the legislatures controlled by almost supermajority by democrats. they dominate the states of the state is clearly a very lean blue state that the local democratic party does not want to lose the resources during the presidential campaign so they will keep saying swing state. it's very difficult to make that argument anymore. >> host: a year that's going to be a mic any other in terms of how the candidates campaign. so far most of it virtually. it's not meaning to candidates like joe biden and donald trump are campaigning in person by a thin on the ground effort much of it done virtually or through advertising correct? >> guest: you're absolutely right and it's all about voter registration which i mentioned earlier the democrats have a sizable advantage. in-person campaigning isn't going to do much at this point. going to be difficult. as we sit here we don't know what the pandemic is going to be like for the next month and how it will limit or not limit campaigning that money matters in politics in money spent wisely specially now and don't forget

the legislature is controlled by almost super majorities by democrats. they dominate the state. the state is clearly a very blue state, but the local democratic party does not want to lose the resources invested during a presidential campaign, so they will keep saying swing state. it's very difficult to make that argument anymore. steve: a year that is going to be unlike any other in terms of how the candidates campaign. so far most of it virtually. when you say invest in the state, it is not necessarily going to mean that candidates are campaigning in person, but an on the ground effort, much of it done virtually or through advertising, correct? jon: absolutely right. all of that is really about voter registration. the democrats have a sizable advantage. in person campaigning is not going to do much at this point. it is going to be very difficult. we don't know what the pandemic is going to be like for the next few months and how it will limit or not limit campaigning. money matters in politics, and money spent wisely, especially now. don't forget, it is still not clear whether

you had the partisan wrangling between the governor and state legislature. it was an absolute nightmare. so the supreme court did not seem very sympathetic to any of that, right? so at least in my mind you should at least think about the poor souls trying to do the right thing, right? they filed their paperwork to get the absentee ballot on time, did not receive it. the district court tried to accommodate that, the supreme court stopped that effort from happening. so one of the things that struck me about the language in that opinion, which is why i feel comfortable sort of predicting the supreme court will not be sympathetic to covid-related claims moving forward, is that the courts seemed to apply the purcell principle, the idea that you should not have last-minute penalty change without any text. it did not matter to the court that we are in the middle of a once-in-a-lifetime global pandemic. hey, this is an election, and they pretend like this is an election like any other election and it's not. you can imagine an opposite story, giving district courts t

the legislature is, as we sit here, in a special session, trying to figure out how to file $1.2 billion budget hole, because here in this state, we are so dependent on gaming and sales taxes. i could make an argument that we have been hurt disproportionately from almost any other state by what has happened, because the economy is so reliant on tourism. is thejon ralston editor, of "the nevada independent" joining us from las vegas. thanks for joining us. jon: thank you. ♪ >> c-span has unfiltered coverage of congress, the white house, the supreme court and public policy events. c-span'satch all of public affairs programming on television, online, or listen on our free radio app. and be part of the national conversation through c-span's daily "washington journal program, or through our social media feeds. she, created by america's cable television companies as a public service and brought to you today by your television provider. ♪ our guest this week on the communicators is representative ro khanna. he is a democrat from california and represents much of silicon valley. our guest report

we are already seeing a handful of states, massachusetts, michigan, nevada, their legislature is talking about cutting a quarter of their thisng by $125 million school year which would lead to mass layoffs. we have not seen this historically. school districts are pushing against the economic headwinds. i have counted more than half of school districts are heavily reliant on income tax revenue. now that the economy has shut down in the last couple of weeks and shut down twice in the last six months alone, you are going to see budget cuts at a scale that we have never seen. once congress ends their session next week, we will start seeing legislatures reconvene and cutting budgets and cutting big chunks out of their budgets weeks before the school year starts. we could possibly see midyear layoffs which i think can be very traumatizing for a community. it could be academically destructive for students. host: when you are talking to these districts, what are they telling the teachers? are they saying that these are temporary or permanent cuts? guest: they are telling them that if congress gi

he is a cnn political analyst answered in the south carolina state legislature. recently named the times magazine 40 under 40 list is also practicing attorney. tonight he will be in conversation with pete buttigieg who served as two-term mayor of south bend, indiana, and was democratic candidate for the president of the united states in 2020. i graduate of harvard university and at oxford road scholar, buttigieg enlisted in the u.s. navy reserve as, and became a lieutenant when he was deployed to afghanistan in 2014. in april 2019 he announced his candidacy for president and february 2020 he won the iowa caucuses becoming the first openly gay person to ever win a presidential primary or caucus. he authored the shortest way home in 2019. and now i am very proud to welcome bakari sellers and pete buttigieg. everyone at how would please give them a round of applause. >> thank thank you so much. p, you got me? >> yes. great to be with you. >> thank you. as a young man from denmark, south carolina, where we had three stoplights, i just want to say thank you to left ba

he ended up being a slacker, lazy, and the legislature.here were a lot of coequal so after the race he moves to washington, d.c. and there is another organization that's important and that is the southern poverty law center which i know you are familiar with. can you talk about your work there and his work? >> guest: sure. he was the first president of the law center founded in 1971 and that was because one of the cofounders, he ever met him but he asked to meet with julian and told him he was setting up this organization. morris had been publishing and head of the company for a lot of money and was going to spend the rest of his long career doing good and so he liked what he heard and became the first president of the southern law center which meant he was never come at the cente the center lon montgomery, he was never in montgomery &-and-sign the fund-raising letters which were very successful most people are unaware now as the center. i worked at the center. it was my first job out of boston when there were three of us, three lawyers. t

the legislature is controlled by almost of the people majority by democrats.hey dominate the states. so the state is clearly very lane blue state. but the local democratic party does not want to lose those resources that are invested during the presidential campaign. they will keep it. it's very difficult to make the argument anymore. steven: year that will be unlike any other in terms of how the candidate's campaignw so far mt of that virtually. so when we state invest in the state, and that does not necessarily mean the candidates like joe biden and donald trevor campaigning a person but is on the ground efforts, much of it done virtually what through advertising correct. jon: you're absolutely right worried and it's really all about voter registration pretty and mentioned earlier that the democrats and sizable finish. in person campaigning is not going to do much. it's going to beam very difficu. as we sit here, we don't know the pandemic is going to be like. in the next few months and how it will limit or not limit campaigning. but money matters in politic

this is a quick reminder, it was wendy, if you remember, standing on the floor of the texas legislature, her historic 13 hour filibuster. that put her name on the map. she built her brand working across the aisle. when you look at these district's, these are tough districts. your politics can't be too far out this way or that way to be successful in some of these really tough districts.

and just very quick reminder, it was windy if you remember standing on the floor the texas legislature in our historic 13 hour - in the name of the map. she has bills rebranded working across the aisle because when you look at these districts. these are tough districts. in your politics cannot be too far out this way or that way to be successful in some of these really tough districts. she literally, when i think of her and that filibuster, she is

in colorado we have where i served in the colorado legislature for 13 years we have all mail in ballots and it concerns me. i made the fight against it. when you mail ballots, your mailing ballots to people who are no longer alive, mailing ballots to people who no longer live at that address you go to apartment complexes that have large male rooms where the mail is delivered and you can find

mississippi's legislature has had an outbreak of coronavirus cases. also with us is dr. ebony hilton, an associate professor of anesthesiology and critical care medicine at the university of virginia, and hayes brown is the host of buzzfeed's podcast news o'clock. good to see all of you. dr. hilton, let me start with you. when you see disney world reopening today, as the cases and the hospitalizations are rising in florida, how do you view that? the theme parks, disney universal, seaworld, they all seem to be taking pretty aggressive measures to keep people safe, including turning away people at the gate if they don't have proper masks or if they have a fever. >> it's not enough. thank you for having me, for one. but what we know is that florida just announced that 7,000 children were testing positive from covid-19. and who tends to go to these theme parks but kids? what we're seeing across the

>>i'm getting as many of these bills the bills done as possible the legislature's long list of bills to debate include those aiming to address police brutality unemployment and housing red then laid out some of the legislature's priorities and to do something to stem the tide of actions or reactions to covid isn't yet we need to make sure we have all the services plays of the season like this. >>making sure that our public health care system is working the way of that out he was well this is a series of other those me we have significant things to do as a legislature before the in areas like education climate change the environment with the building now disinfected mandatory temperature checks at the entrance the legislature's returned to the capital comes after a second coronavirus related shutdown of the building several staff members and 2 lawmakers caught the virus just before summer recess, a lot of numbers myself included got into the bad habit of war area in the but he starts speaking. >>when i heard a loud that a lot of the other credit costs continue to be a place very very

and obama grew up in politics and state legislature but trump is a business guy and runs a very small shop and so to have a depth of background for the first couple years were pretty chaotic and he didn't understand the legislature. frankly and with those republican leaders because of the obama care that's the first thing they should do in a lost by one vote when mccain voted no. in fact i would have argued the tax bill first then the infrastructure then you can consider obama care but they went down the fantasy line. i think he learned from that. just like people like john bolton go nuts. but trump is a genuine the disrupting figure, coming in from the outside. and then to be terrified. but that is what he was elected to do. and that commitment to make him elected. and with the language and risk-taking. >> so compare ronald reagan with donald trump. go back to thinking of the times when reagan was in the white house. but trump seems like it's mma gloves off. so what do you think of that quick. >> i haven't thought of it quite that way. i think that reagan had a remarkable sense of th

, a majority and the legislature, which is just a body of individual citizens, the power to restrict their liberties arbitrarily and irrationally? the argument is that cannot be presumed. maybe somebody could consent to it if you asked them to, although i think paul would think that contract is unconscionable, but they certainly can't be presumed, so no one can be presumed to consent to legislature the power to restrict their liberties arbitrarily or irrationally, so was this such a law? that is what the court decided. >> that as i understand it is not the position of liberty of contracts reigned, which is the traditional story told. i think historians generally agree that the police power had a prominent effect as these scholars have been suggesting, but one of the things i want to ask you both while i have you is whether

and our legislature had never seen anything like this before. and they came and showed them that we were opposed to e.r.a. so that is the day we invented the profamily movement. now, in building my organization of first of all stop e.r.a. and then it morphing into eagle forum, i was very ecumenical. i didn't like to talk about religion. i combined the catholics, the protestants of all of the denominations, the evangelicals, the jews, the mormons -- i had them all in there. and the messages -- i don't care what your church is, we are all going to work together to beat the equal rights amendment. and i made them all get along. and this was the first time i can tell you, this was the first time a lot of catholics and baptists were in the same room together. and they just had to get along. that was just my policy. and so it was quite a coalition that we had. and when they all came together at this 1000 person demonstration at the capital, it was a visual demonstration of the profamily movement. and then we really swelled our ranks when the baptists

our capitol bureau reporter ashley zavala shows us what's ahead for state legislature. >>state lawmakers have 5 weeks to sort through hundreds of proposals some are in direct response to the pandemic i spoke with assembly speaker anthony rendon about what's to come in the weeks ahead is next 5 weeks we're going to focus on. >>i'm getting as many of these bills the bills done as possible the legislature's long list of bills to debate include those aiming to address police brutality unemployment and housing and then laid out some of the legislature's priorities and to do something to stem the tide of actions or reactions to covid isn't yet we need to make sure we have all the services plays of the season like this. >>making sure that our public health care system is working the way of that out he was well this is a series of other those me we have significant things to do as a legislature before the in areas like education climate change the environment with the building now disinfected mandatory temperature checks at the entrance the legislature's returned to the capital

and should they be changed or reformed either by courts or legislatures? so so the case we rely on now is the constitutional u.s. supreme court case graham versus connor. it's a case it says you have to use reasonable force based on what a reasonable officer do in a situation. they're going to look more carefully at this. i think california is already taking steps forward to change their use of force where they have required use of the standard of the sanctity of life you should avoid use of force while where you can. it should be proportionate and necessary as opposed to simply authorize. it has affected so much about officer will apply a sense of force with the culture, community and the department they're in. the officers do have the authority to affect arrest and most people don't want to be arrested so they have authorization you and i don'td have. but at the same time, those uses of force can be construed in very different ways over different times in different places. we do need standardization. i do think graham versus connor's proof about what the

down on these white supremacists and extreme right groups that gathered there to block the state legislature, to level death threats against governor whitmer. not at all you have got attorney general barr appointed a lawyer to file legal papers supporting their litigation against public health orders in the michigan. luckily the court saw this as frivolous and ridiculous and rejected those injunctions. but with the department of justice, which has been mobilized to fight that, underlined public health orders by governors and their states. how does that advance states rights? to support state rights when they agree with the governors. and when they don't, they trample it up your just like they support free speech rights of right wing protesters who are armed and disrupting legislatures but not civil rights protesters are our peaceably and lawfully assembling in lafayette square in the heart of washington, d.c. the linen it comes to of questioning about the attorney general and the cases against roger stone and michael flynn, daniel goldman, a familiar name to our viewers, had a role in the in

in 2018 the california legislature and brown committed to state 100 percent 0 carbon electricity an economy wide carbon neutrality by 2045 in our state 35 percent of our electricity is renewable and to him erica wind energy is almost equal to cool so the future of course is pretty clear can trump is a gauge of the rear guard action against progress california has also been a leader in sitting through efficiency standards for cars and promoting the use of electric vehicles autos are the greatest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in the u.s. we do more than any other state to try to clean up here and the federal government for 50 years has said we give use bestial dispensation under the law under the clean air act we give you a waiver to go beyond what the federal government has done remove the word in 2012 the obama administration adopted california's. goal of achieving 54 miles a gallon by 2025 is the national standard but the trump in the station reduced it to only 40 miles per gallon and revoked the way for allowing california to set its own clean car standards no state has the auth