stalin had routed trotsky in the battle to succeed lenin who died in 1924 and then sent trotsky into exile. the first went to turkey. from turkey trotsky eventually moved to france in 1933. then norway until 1935 until the political pressure on the norwegian government forced it to expel trotsky. what do i mean by political pressure? the first of the famous moscow show trials took place in august of 1936, leading bolsheviks or should say leading communists long trial for the most fantastic crimes including assassination of stalin himself attempted assassination any way, espionage and so on. trotsky was portrayed as the mastermind of a group of spies, wreckers and saboteurs, directing their operations from abroad. that trial, the moscow trials of 1936 was the first of three such trials each one involving major political figures time when the trotsky serving as the chief defendant in the absentia. so what more we wanting to be rid of trotsky, the only country in the world that would take him was mexico thanks to its radical president who thought it was the right thing to do, but also c

not only stalin and lenin and khrushchev but the very daring books, the pilot perrine in moscow it's interesting because i speak to people from east germany and russia today and everybody has the same references to all the things we read about. all these things we were exposed to in the same a ways. this is dealing with the things which happen in the world about exactly the same all the time. what is important is that the hungarian uprising, the berlin wall with, the cuban missile crisis which came much later, president kennedy, the brennan wall, his assassination in dallas, the vietnam war, this was interesting because i did and now it was common where my life that we found out that we both were hiding under the tables in fear of a nuclear war. because it was the solution at that time the students would be heading into the table like it would solve anything. i think i didn't like prague, what was happening outside the was a dark place. that was not as much fun doing out so at that time i painted everything in our house, a psychiatrist said it was probably because i was afraid my fat

that was, i think, lenin's line and sort of moral utilitarianism. there will be a great deal of light in the future, now it's dark. but that's only a generation that should pay the price. if a solution doesn't meet a generation, a prospect for a generation at the end of the generation, to have different life, then it's untenable. now, in the case of the american constitution, basically the idea was that in 1808, just about the end of my test, there will be a change. it didn't abolish but there was a change. so had they said at that time there will be an abolishment, then i can see a very strong case for the youth but that was the case. so the main a point, is the desert generation. it means moses wasted a generation in the desert because they are incapable as slaves to go to the promised land but then the next generation will go to the promised land. it's all right for a generation, for you and me to tell -- we are willing to work and sacrifice our life for the better life for our kids. but it's not good for anyone to impose it on us. that's the cla

lenin of people got together and enough people organized, they gave in. we have seen that again and again. i remember george wallace mccuen before a crowd of his southern supporters, and saying segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever. and wild applause. two years later, the segregation signs for down in the south and wallace was campaigning in the black neighborhoods for support in his presidential race. things change. things change. it is up to us to move that change along. it is up to bring democracy alive. thank you. [applause] [applause] thank you. [applause] thank you. >> we are going to take questions for about half an hour. darity microphones up here. if you can line up in the side aisles of you have a question and we will just go back and forthwith the microphones and go for half an hour and then the will to book signings. if you have a question, feel free to come up. >> as you note i came from-- to westy this question so i'm try to make it good. i took of the yankees that. [applause] being a community organizer and a student ci

little pioneer of walking industry, and this was all the mix of propaganda with, not only stalin, leninnd khrushchev, but these very different books we read at the time which were about the pilot who was calling to moscow with no legs. it's interesting because if i speak to people from east german and russia today, everyone has the same references and all these things, we were sort of expose, all of us, in the same way. this is dealing with the things that happen in the world. they are not exactly, exactly in the same order of time. but was important was the hungarian uprising, berlin wall, then cuban missile crisis which came much later. president kennedy at berlin wall and his assassination in dallas, vietnam war. this was interesting because i didn't know it was one thing which was common for me in my life with america that we found out we both were hiding under the tables in the fear of a nuclear war. because it was the solution at that time that the students would be hiding under the table like it would solve anything. i think i didn't like prague. what was happening outside very m

because the conservative communist was abandoning what was left of the marxist and leninism and the newideology became the one that there were individualistic civilizations and their work at eclectic civilizations and it was a collective civilizations of this idea of trying to impose political pluralism we don't want it. it is against our tradition and this brought together conservative communists abandoning some of their old beliefs and clinging to this idea of the russian state and russian civilizations and russian nationalists so it is quite a strong tendency today. yes. >> good evening. my name is james climate. and with department of defense. in 1988, '89 i had a fellowship at st. antony's and although i was writing a book on the cabalism all things, a rather interesting thing to be giving it the time, the ability to sit at the high table and have success of visitors from central and eastern europe come through, i found that an extraordinary thing and almost which i kept a journal of the time because while you were privileged enough to see it several years earlier it was obviously

there was a professor that served under lenin in soviet union, he did a study, and nobody knew about that study until m.i. timplet did a computer study 25 years ago, looking at how the cycles of economy went and somebody remembered they'd read this sold study by the russian that -- who was asked by he min to -- lenin to prove that capitalism would self-defeating and expire he showed that there was a decline that unemployment would go up, capital investment would go down he showed a psych that will showed that when the capitalism economy peaked out, it would then drop back down over the course of about 26 years and then it would -- but then -- that showed capitalism's decline. then it would go back up again in another 26 years. it's a 52-year cycle. the professor's 52-year cycle. he was commissioned to prove capitalism was self-defeating and found auto, it defeats itself for a while but at the bottom, entrepreneurs come up with good ideas and invest in research and development and implement new ideas and new ideas improve technology, improves productive to -- productivity and improves

you start assaulting the system, you tear down the whole -- just like the russians did, just like leninid, just like stalin did, just like hitler did. hitler attacked his judiciary. host: we will talk about suburbanite's facing poverty with elizabeth kneebone. we want to talk about a newly updated c-span classroom website. meredith rapp is the c-span education program specialist did what is the c-span classroom and what is its mission? guest: it is a free membership service for teachers designed to bring c-span programming and other materials into a class to help create an authentic learning center for students. host: meredith, why did c-span decided to revamp the website? guest: greta, the last time we updated the website was in 2006, where we felt it was time to give a fresh website that showcases all of our resources and shows the technological advances that have occurred since 2006. host: what are some of the new features? guest: the layout allows us to show their resources that c-span classroom has. the video spectrum you see that allows the education team to access the liaison bet