a different piece of paper which is also attributed to lenin, supposed dictation to lenin. there's a problem because we have notation patrols lynnin's doctors about how he couldn't speak. but anyway, theirs dictation attributed to lenin who which says remove stalin. it's called the letter about the secretary because extol -- stalin is general secretary of the party. it's given by lenin's wife to this guy, and he is on vacation down south with other members of the inner regime and they meet in a cave. they meet in a cave, the famous cave meetings. long been known about. what should they do about this letter? and so they decide to draft a letter to stalin about this letter that allegedly lenin has dictated. which says remove stalin. it's a very consequential dictation if it's true because the head -- the founder of the revolution is saying remove his principle protege. so they send the letter up to stalin in moscow about this and stalin is quite surprised. he evidently did not know about the existence of this alleged dictation. and he kind of doesn't know what to do. and ther

so stalin has inherited a dictatorship be lenin's appointment of him and by lenin's stroke. so on the one hand it's the action of lenin, on the other hand it's the accident of lenin's health. but here we are year later. spring and summer 1923. and something called -- subsequently called, much later called -- not called at the time -- something called lenin's -- at the time it's just called dictation. and a piece of paper, a type piece of paper i handed to somebody named gregorio be lenin's widow, and she hands him the piece of paper and it says, negative things about stalin about trotsky, about -- who received the paper, from about three other people. this happens right after a party congress and stalin has triumphed at the party congress, lenin is sick. and out comes this piece of paper. but lo and bee hold few weeks later a second piece of paper comes out. a different piece of paper which is also attributed to lenin, supposed dictation to lenin. there's a problem because we have notation patrols lynnin's doctors about how he couldn't speak. but anyway, theirs dictation att

so he has developed a worldview that lenin and the bolsheviks felt supported their own views although there were important differences between pavlov's dialectical materialism. the bolsheviks idea of building socialism they needed to science and technology to raise the force's pavlov is the most famous scientist cs propaganda value and lenin after the civil war and was starting to think about how to build socialism and doesn't want all the russian scientist to lead. pavlov writes a letter saying basically i want permission to go abroad to decide if i want to leave and it's my right to believe whatever you say and russian science is dying and you had better do something about it. lennon decided he was right. at the same time as his foreign colleagues said he's a washed up old man and lenin gave him carte blanche and the soviets gave him carte blanche for the next two decades. they gave him everything he wanted in this lab. they offered him all sorts of special privileges which he tended to turn down except when he was late in life he accepted the ford lincoln to drive him around betwee

and lenin decided he was right. and at the same time as his foreign colleagues said he's a washed-up old man, lenin gave him cart -- carte blanche and the soviets gave him carte blanche for the next two decades. they gave him everything he wanted in his lab, they offered him all sorts of special privileges which he tended to turn down except when he was late in life. he accepted the ford lincoln to drive him around between his three different labs. so they're playing this game pavlov and the bolsheviks and it's an interesting one. for the bolsheviks he's a reactionary but a famous scientist who objectively is developing good science and so helping them in russia. for pavlov the bolsheviks are barbarians criminals. he denounces the suppression of religion the terror, the dogmatism. but he comes to also, as he put it in 1926 when he came back from france, he said you have to give our barbarians one thing, they understand the value of science. and science under the bolsheviks just bloomed in terms of the number of inst

some of us thought we would never see the day that communism was defeated, and the empire of lenin andtalin dismantled. it has happened, and it is happening. by the grace of god, america won the cold war. [applause] but my friends, victory has not brought with it an end to history. beyond these shores, a new world is being born for which our government is unprepared, and we are unprepared. the dynamic force shaping that new world is nationalism. from ukraine to croatia, old nations are breaking up, new nations are being born. and as we americans have always stood for freedom and self-determination, we should not fear the future. we should be the first to welcome these new nations into the family of nations. [applause] for they all look to america as -- >> fight aids, fight back. fight aids, act up, fight back. >> be gentle with him. you know, very briefly -- you know, gentlemen, i was reminded when i flew appear as sense of nostalgia. i sense of nostalgia for 1968. and my friend here made a complete. the demonstrators are still here. as i said, they all look to america as the ideal of

. >> a statue of lenin with remnants of battle at his feet. we are in one of the most damaged cities. before the war, 38,000 people lived here and worked in the mines and factories. half of them have meanwhile fled. some say the ukrainian army intentionally punished the city. others say the new russia fighters had holed up in residential areas drawing fire. not even the city's two hospitals were spared. the city is in the area dominated by the done cossacks. we are allowed to explore only in the company of a soldier who does not stray from our side. the commander and effect overrule or of the city distributes a bit of red. his soldiers have set up soup kitchens. for many people here, it's all that stands between them and starvation. the cossacks are upset that the rebels do not allow russian humanitarian convoys to get through here. >> i have not received my pension for six months, so i'm dependent on the soup kitchen. i have to drag myself here, no matter what the weather is. the food is good. >> the soldiers want her not to mention that a uk

he is the only foreigner who was ever invited to stand on lenin's tomb and receive the review of ther what was done in world war ii. oliver: all that seemed forgotten as the cold war heated up with soviet premier nikita khrushchev. >> eisenhower had all sorts of information through the u2 which was very, very tightly controlled. a plane could give enormous amounts of information as to what the soviets were doing and were not doing. oliver: francis collins. were you aware of that particular flight? >> oh, yes. oliver: did you brief him? >> i did. oliver: two weeks before a crucial summit conference, francis gary powers went down in his u2 over the soviet union. >> i got the word from the cia. we had a cover plan, but it was very thin. and then the next thing we knew, khrushchev lowered the trap on us, and he showed a plane which was not the u2, but he also had the pilot. oliver: there are some people who say that when president eisenhower didn't come out and immediately say that's our guy, that's our airplane, that it in some way diminished his presidency. >> the record will show that

of rule georgian history imperial russian history ancient roman history the classics and of course lenin. stalin was able to find specific quotations in london's work. sometimes he had little pieces of white paper to help them find the quotes. often he knew the quotes from memory. he knows a lot about the outside world but to return to an earlier point he was sophisticated and blinkered at the same time. so talk about fascism as finance capital. he has a very unsophisticated analysis of fascism. it filtered through his marxist worldview that is related to class and class struggle. this is not a sophisticated analysis. at the same time he had a very sophisticated analysis of behavior and what we would call -- and how other states use any means necessary. but you know there's a seriousness and a comical quality to the dictatorship at the same time. here they are a poor country wracked by war revolution and civil war undergoing famine barely able to recover telling the outside world that they are the future and the outside world is going to do disappear and desperately needing trade agreeme

and the cold war mao attributed his eminence exists what you regard as a superior tools of marxism leninism, their brilliance a promise of which have burst on the world with the bolshevik revolution of 1917. commonest the world over are wiser than the bourgeoisie he said, celebrate its 20th anniversary of the ccp's founding. they understand the laws governing the existence and development of things. they understand i liked and they can see farther. and then some of the things that tied these two parties together, i'm skipping a little bit when leading communist or feminist concerns ago, they went to moscow for medical treatments. among them were two of mao's wives, and in 1939 after he broke a bone in his elbow falling from a horse. membership in this society was like membership in a cold it was all encompassing exclusive, all consuming, dustin spreads hundreds of chinese commonest in russia were swept up in this album version affected 38 and dispatched to the blog. in many instances these people were informed on by other chinese communists. it was a foreshadowing of the savage infighting t

and i show how first lenin, with his team and then stalin, built and sustained a dictatorship in this part of the world. the third argument is about the consequences of ideas. ideas are extremely important in history, and stalin was a true believing marxist from an early age and his ideas, his beliefs were extremely important in just about everything he did. this doesn't mean that ideas determine the way history flows because one of the ideas of marxism, that stalin himself propagated, was that any means are necessary to reach the ends to reach the goal of building socialism. therefore you can violate even your own ideas in pursuit of your ideas and still be true to your marxist beliefs, in stalin's view. nonetheless ideas are extremely consequential and this is also, i hope, demonstrated in the book. and then finally the fourth level of argumentation has to do with how history works. individuals, of course are important and they make choices. their actions have consequences, but only within a larger landscape of big structures and impersonal forces, and so the job for the historian i

>>reporter: tonight we learned and lenin nimoy has died at age 83.ight we remember the legendary actor who created a mass of cold like following a track these worldwide. litany melt more passed away at his home and bellaire california. his wife susan bay nimoy confirmed he died of in state's chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. some the he said he contracted after years of smoking. nimoy may have known the in was near. on sunday he set out this point in tweet all life is like a garden. perfect moments can be had but not preserved, except in memory. l l eight p. william shatner tweet it this " i love him like a brother. we will all miss his humor, his talent, and his capacity to love. for three seasons he played the iconic vulcan on star trek. but life anymore was more more than just mr. spock he was a great photographer. publishing books fill with his own photos and he wrote poetry. he appeared in dozens of roles after star trek most recently on the french and the bet big bang theory and also on the symptom simpson's. leroy is survived by his wife

up with anything between war and capitalism in the 20th century in some ways, obviously people like lenin, many others as well dearest political scientists have talked about this in a very different historical timeframe than what you are looking for. i'm wondering if the book helps us to kind of think in new ways about war and capital in the 20th century. >> these are very complicated questions. and i think that the short answer is that the book does not address is a bit weighty issue of capitalism in the 20th century. and it doesn't necessarily talk about this as well because the idea of capitalism, were capitalism does not rest on the idea of war between the dates. the idea of it is basically emerged because it is clear in the history of capitalism what appears to be merging with industrial capitalism and it has caused that moment in the history of capitalism, mercantile, capitalism and other things as well this is perfectly fine except it struck me that this really doesn't capture the essence of what was actually happening in this particular moment. until was really happening was an en

placing both hands and stephanie carter shoulders using them for approximately 20 seconds and then lenins where hanna's wife shoulder. this video and the pictures of all gone viral this morning. of people are sounding off on twitter. <

because in the 80s i went to lenin grad during the cold war and they wanted lipstick from lor lore loreloreal and koz mow magazines. who is speaking out for the moderates. >> they did a poll back in i think 1999 asking what percentage wanted a normal diplomatic relationship with the united states? and it was about 70% at the time. the government was so upset that it put the pollster in prison. the pollster by the way was a former hostage holder named abbas abdi who radically changes his views from the time. so what you had the the people tot passport control and so on is certainly more common than the death to america that we usually hear about, yeah. >> let me strike a balance here. and that is that, you know, rouhani and the team around him i believe are people who are deeply committed to improving this relationship with the united states. and i believe that if they fail, we are likely to see the return of a much more hard line government in ala all minute ahmadinejad or worse. i don't want to leave the impression there aren't forces in iran who are opposed to a rapprochement with the