the siege of leningrad was among his doctor's chapter selected nearly $900.00 days. the city was blocked and constantly bombarded by nazi forces and their allies, which included spanish, italian, norwegian, and finish troops. this quickly led to famine, fuel shortages and massive casualties among the civilian population. in fact, historians still argue over the exact figures which range between hundreds of thousands up to a 1000000 last lives at the break through the feed ship pushed back to nazi forces for several 100 kilometers. finally, allowing food and other supplies to reach the city in necessary amounts. it also led to the eventual liberation of the entire region and the end of the battle of leningrad, which is considered to be one of the longest and bloody as battles of the greek petra arctic war. in fact, mass grades are still being found in these areas near saint petersburg, even though all these years have now passed. this battle is also considered to be one of the most important ones because it held back about one 5th of all not see forces on the eastern

so the, the incremental range, the end of the seed of leningrad for the non people located losses for almost $900.00 days and crane liars of an estimated $1000000.00 savannah. most of them from salvation present to take over a major city, the democratic republic of the congo, a nation rich resources that ended up in global. i'm the particularly european supply chain. we're going to use the funding brunner because my conditional company wants to have access to this stuff is obviously the easiest way. this is the cheapest way in. they'll put it on your t. i live in, you know, it's all part of the funding sources. the league says forms 4 versions of things. policy is of golf is cute and from the cleansing of these things to this place said that it's ending the mid se is fine between israel upon us. we're ready to sit on top of the rumble, but we want to be we will remain steadfast for a 1000 years despite netanyahu. by trump. today i am very happy, very, very, my joy today has made me forget the fatigue of one year and 5 months. the, it's just going to 5 pm here, the russian capital. wel

and if they had not had that extra couple of 100 kilometers, travel been able to capture leningrad. regina declared that he was going to kill over habits in leningrad and destroy the city and give it to finland. and by the way, to finish liter marshall man on was a 100 percent in favor of that but, and expose the bankruptcy of western of policy in refusing to make a treaty with the soviets. and it was, it did expose the betrayal of the polish government at 1st le plans to use polls by offering them the role of junior ally in his campaign against russia. and however, considers itself to him and these 20 flesh and intends to take owners, slovakia, and the roost and 2 crane glass. other plans there was no place for the situation was with the death of co sky hensler regarded warmly didn't. you can use the missing where did you put in your full square? you see i'm getting started or to a person individual and that's, that's what i'm getting interesting. you pushing where the chicago book deal, so it's good that comes over. it's got addition to what you're supposed to go about shape. what

and if they had not had that extra couple of 100 kilometers travel, they might capture leningrad. regina declared that he was going to kill all the fuel habits in leningrad and destroy the city and give it to finland. and by the way to finish liter marshall, man, i'm was a 100 percent in favor of that but, and expose the bankruptcy of western policy to and refusing to make alex, hey, tracy with the soviets. and it was actually pit expose the betrayal of the polish government at 1st, hitler plans to use polls by offering them the role of junior ally and his campaign against russia. however, considers itself to him and he's fully fledged and intends to take own slovakia. the rules and ukraine, but handler has other plans and there's no place for the situation with, with the death of co sky. regarding one way you can use the missing where to just keep working on joseph square. you see him confirmed or if you're the person that gives you enough to give send you pushing where the chicago book you're supposed to consume, i'd just got edition. you will, will with your full score of all s

and if they had not had that extra couple of 100 kilometers to travel, they might capture leningrad. regina declared that he was going to kill all the habits in leningrad and destroyed the city and give it to finland. and by the way, to finish liter marshall man, i'm was a 100 percent in favor of that. but and expose the bankruptcy of western policy to in refusing to make a treaty with the soviets. and it was as should get exposed the betrayal of the polish government. at 1st, hitler plans to use both by offering them the role of junior ally and his campaign against russia. however, considers itself to him and he's fully fledged and intends to take on a slip out, you know, the rules and to crane class other plans. and there's no place for the situation with with the death of co sky hensley, regarded warmly you can use the missing where to just keep working on to so square. you see, i'm giving you a person that gives you enough. that's what i'm getting interesting. you consume where each global deals click that goes away, it's got addition, you will, will with useful score. rush. i do

and if they had not had that extra couple of 100 kilometers to travel, they might capture leningrad. regina declared that he was going to kill over habits in leningrad and destroy the city and give it to finland. and by the way, you finish liter marshall man. i'm was a 100 percent in favor of that but, and expose the bankruptcy of western policy to in refusing to make a treaty with the soviets. and it was as should it expose the betrayal of the polish government at 1st, hitler plans to use poles by offering them the role of julia ally in his campaign against russia. and however, considers itself to him and he's 40 flesh puff now and intends to take on a slip out, you know, the rules and to crane class all the plans. and there's no place for the situation with with the death of co sky hensley, regarded warmly you can use the missing where to just keep working on to so square. you see, i'm giving you a person that gives you enough. that's what i'm getting interesting. you pushing bodies, global useless good, that comes over, it's got addition, you will will with your full score rush. i

you could imagine dark, not only cold and dark in leningrad at that time, but the political climate in the united states and the soviet union was dark and gloomy. but yet our program functioned and continued, and i was able to do very useful research that resulted in publications and allowed me to learn about the soviet union that allowed me to become the head of the russian services. and i think what that legacy showed was that having relationships mattered, and this is something that goes right back to what president eisenhower stated many times in his speeches and writings and his views. what i think the legacy of president eisenhower is, as we look back on it, it's a creation of something that political scientists often refer to as a cold war regime. it's very, very important. a cold war regime is the ability, written and unwritten rules, if you wish, by which two antagonists co-exist in a peaceful environment. what that means is you can oppose, and we did whether who was in west berlin, whether it was in vietnam, whether it was in north korea, south korea, we opposed militarily so

when i spent my fulbright in leningrad in 81, all people wanted to know from me was how life was in the west, how life was in america, what did my house look like? how did i shop? did i go? i mean, there was a tremendous interest and very genuine only curious about this amazing life in the west. sometimes i think they exaggerated many cases, you know, our life to some, some level of prosperity that that was just in protocol. now, that's not the case. i think now we have a an angrier, more xenophobic, more inwardly oriented, more nationalistic russia that is far more anti-western than the people in the soviet period that i recall the late soviet. so i think today's challenges are are very, very large. and i and i want to sort of leave you more with thinking that, you know, what what we were able to do in the cold war was good. today's generation has to really deal with that. plus, i think many other very dangerous elements. that are if i can. one final question thing for you. you've mentioned in your presentation about the demise, you say about some of the outlets created during this tim

had not had that extra couple of 100 kilometers to travel, they might have been able to capture leningrad or, and already declared that he was going to kill all of us have it. and so i'm going to go ahead and destroy the city. and give it to finland. and by the way, to finish liter marshall man, i was a 100 percent constraint for of that. but it expose the bankruptcy of western policy to in refusing to make out a treaty with associates. and it was as should get exposed the betrayal of the polish government. at 1st, hitler plans to use poles by offering them the role of julia ally and his campaign against russia. and whoever considers itself to him and he's 40 flesh and intends to take owners. slovakia miller, bruce and 2 crane glass, other plants and there's no place for the situation west with the death of co sky. hitler regarded warmly you can use the missing where to just keep working on till square. you see, i'm giving you a person that gives you enough. that's what i'm getting interesting. you can see where the chicago book uses good. it's got addition, you will will with y'all. so l

you have to take a midnight train from leningrad to moscow.ought, can i do this? what's the hook? and then i found out while i was there that i had about 30 relatives in moscow that i did not know existed. and so, the show became about finding my roots again and going back to where i came from, basically. so, i started out, as we all do, making your parents laugh in our living room. and most of the relatives were from restov-on-don or odesa, right? and so, that's where i started. so, here i was doing the show, thousands and thousands of miles away from home here, performing again, for relatives but this time where they came from. >> seth: it's -- i'm glad -- glad is not the right word. but it is interesting to me that it was scary. because that was my -- i was wondering, like were you worried to go over there. and the thing that is even more terrifying to me, is cause i was watching it today, you did not speak russian. you actually did like five minutes of your act in russian. so, you learned it for the purposes of -- >> yeah, i wrote jokes fo

armored vehicles, tom cameron, but this re deployment of troops along the russian border along the co, leningrad region is taking place is also listed. it should be considered in conjunction with the statement of the current president of lithuania, whether it's cool, not some ex kernel or ex intelligence officer, but the current president data now's a job. and it said that the collusion garad region is carl libby, chaps that it will never be the clinic rod region the most you have their own skills. little such statements quite transparently hinted territorial claims. and he immediately added that. it would be nice for the bundeswehr troops to be stationed here faster than we thought, and that is, of course, he cannot make a decision on his own, but even refers to the german army and his threats. and at the same time, suddenly, there was a move to redeploy troops along the borders of the colleen and crowd regions said to them because colon borders, rochelle, only in the colon and grad region. this is not the 1st time the lab fee and president has stated that it is necessary to cut off maritime co

and on the 27th of january, 1944, the seat of leningrad was finally ended in the evening. a good, i have a minute of fun. so the, so the sony of this is, of course, a sick day for the russian people, the seeds of lending glides. and the 81 years ago as president puts in, attends the commemoration as a big day in history. where over 12 close 290-0000 civilian lives were lost in a devastating, devastating time. how did this happen? oh, we have the minutes, but i've spent the the, the input is attending and so we can eval raising on the end of the piece of money and not receive locate them. what is allows us to do something inside the law since $900.00 days. unclaimed denials of, of 1000000 civilians made the sauce of the siege in 1941. at alex's forces and bombs, local food, a few supplies, the vast majority of things seems died of starvation. service will eventually be able to open up a route for suffice. leading by whole city across the nearby lake land rover that was known as the road of life meeting. 1000000 people hop on the 17, in fact, so i to the on the 18th of janua

by that time and ukraine had already been liberated, the siege of leningrad had been broken. the adobe had won the battles of selling drugs, that cost soon to blow up the law, the cfo circle with a slip. is it also basically with that system? we still not feeling too of a deal. oh see the guy and the guy by chance of got body consumed theodore's fuck the just because the way to the army sent e z. as for most of the i see. so that's what we so yeah, because the bustle will put me on the block. i, when the blood will, you know, as a blood by 5 or by me, but she, we can solve this issue i have for you been pretty familiar. i am a sub eastern because the thing will suffice. if in disease of a most of messing, i didn't room the little sketchy devoted boulevard, unfortunately was the 1st to move to have sold up the computer. i also about to go to mississippi. that was something i'm going to get to those pushed to but you know, would you please when they ordered some stuff to talk to you? some going to they said is that a facility is a golf course because when we can see in your eye

simulate you treat the motion the, the lot of input didn't, can memorize the end of this page of leningrad for the not they've located losses for almost 900 days and paying liars of an estimated 1000000 severe most of them from salvation present to take over a major city in the democratic republic of the congo, a nation rich resources that ended up in global. i'm the particularly european supply chain. we're going to use the funding brunner because my financial company wants to have access to this stuff is obviously the easiest way. this is the cheapest way to middle run your modem and that's to anything you know is on top of the funding sources.

by that time and ukraine had already been liberated, the siege of leningrad had been broken. and the red only had won the battles of selling drugs, that cost soon to blow up to become the cfo circle with a slow but, and also by sleeping with us. and we still not following the rainbow. oh, see the guy and the guy, but i forgot the us consume theater was funky just because the way group army sent e z as for more of a i c shipping somebody. so yeah, because the bus a little behind me on the block i, when the bumble you know, is a blow by cyber by me. but she, we can solve this issue i have for you been pretty familiar. i am a fiber eastern because the thing will suffice if in disease when most of messing as you move the little sketchy victoria boulevard, unfortunately, was the 1st to move to have sold the computer. i also about to go into the system with the, with the number and get those pushed to but you know, would you please when they ordered some stuff to talk to you some go to the city? is it a facility? this is a golf course because when we can see in your eyes, you figur

vehicles, tom cambridge, but this re deployment of troops along the russian border along the co, leningrad region is taking place is also listed. it should be considered in conjunction with the statement of the current president of lithuania, whether it's cool, not some ex kernel or x intelligence officer, but the current president data now's a job. it said that the colleen and garad region is carl libby, chaps, that it will never be the clinic rod region, the most, the other ones, because little such statements quite transparently hampton territorial claims. and he immediately added that it would be nice for the abundance of our troops to be stationed here faster. let me go, not to the.

by that time and ukraine had already been liberated, the siege of leningrad had been broken. and the red only had won the battles of selling drugs, that cost soon to blow up the law, the cfo circle with a flood. there's also basically with us it's and we still not feeling too of a deal. oh, see the guy and the guy, make sure i've got the consent theater, always fucked. the just because i think the way group army sent e z as for more of a i c shipping somebody. so you have cause a bustle will put me on the book i, when the bumble, you know, as a blood by 5 or by me. but she, we can solve this issue i have for we have been pretty familiar. i understand. but isn't because ethan will suffice if in disease of a most of messing, i didn't go to the little sketchy, victoria boulevard. unfortunately, was the person who just sold the computer. it also got to go in there. so that was something i'm going to get to those pushed to but you know, just piece of a net worth of stuff to talk to you some go to the, to the is it a facility? so look of course, because when we can see the eyes you

by that time and ukraine had already been liberated, the siege of leningrad had been broken, and the red only had won the battle so stolen drugs that cost less aggressive phone to blow up, to cover the cfo circle with a slip. is it also basically with us as we still not feeling very into it the guy and the guy been shy of got body of consent data, always funky just because i think the way group army sent e z a for more of a i c shipping. somebody so yeah, because the bus that will put me on the book i, when the blog will know as a blog by friday robot and the best solution for this issue i have for you been busy for me. i am a sub eastern because you said it will suffice. you've been busy, but most of messing i do little little sketchy. victoria boulevard. unfortunately was the 1st to move to have sold up the computer also, but i thought it was the stuff that was some number didn't get those pushed to but you would you please when they weren't themselves federal it's up to you some go to the city is it a facility is the gulf coast to coast. when we can see in your eyes, you figure ou

by that time and ukraine had already been liberated, the siege of leningrad had been broken, and the red only had won the battles of selling drugs that cost soon to blow up to the law, the cfo. so. so with a slip is it also basically with us it's and we still not feeling too of a bill. i received the guy and the guy my share of got go to consume data was fucked. the just because i think the way group army sent e z as for more than the i see. so that's always so you have cause a by so we will put me on the book i, when the blood will know as a blood by strive little by made by see we can solve this issue i have for we have been pretty familiar. i am a sub isn't because the thing will suffice if in disease when most of messing i didn't room the little sketchy, victoria boulevard. unfortunately the person will. she have sold up the computer. it also got to go to mississippi. that was something i'm going to get the push to, but it would you please when they ordered some stuff to talk to you some going to they said is that a facility is a golf course because when we can see the eyes you y

by that time and ukraine had already been liberated, the siege of leningrad had been broken. and the red only had won the battle so stolen drugs that cost us that phone to blow up, to cover the cfo circle with a slip. is it also basically with us as we still not going to have a bill? i received the guy and the guy by shack of got put a consume theater was fucked. teach us because a little boy group army send e z as for more of a i see. so we, so you have cause a bus that will put me on the book i, when the blood will know as a blood by strive rule by made by see we can solve this issue i have for we have been pretty familiar. i am a sub eastern because ethan will suffice if in disease when most of messing i do little little sketchy to go to boulevard. unfortunately was the 1st to move to have sold up the computer. i also about to turn in stuff that there was some way to get those pushed to but you know, would you please when they are worth of stuff to talk to you some good to sit? is it a facility as a customer just when we can sydney? i see. yep. it is one bill. generated di

by that time and ukraine had already been liberated, the siege of leningrad had been broken. the red only had won the battle, so selling drugs that cost assets on to bullets have come to the cfo circle with a southern and also basically with us as we spoke. and i feel like the rainbow. oh, see the guy and the guy by shy of got go to consume theodore's fuck the just because i think the way to the army sent e z. as for more of a i see. so if, if we stop you up with a bus that will put me on the book i, when the blog will go as a blog by friday, little by me. but she, we can solve this issue i have for you been pretty familiar, i understand. but the simple cost ethan will suffice. if in disease of a most of messing, i didn't go to the little sketchy to go to boulevard. unfortunately was the 1st to move to have sold up the computer. i also got to go now, so that was something i'm going to get the push to, but it would you please when they ordered some stuff to talk to you some going to the city? is it a facility is a golf course because when we can see the eyes you yep. it is wha

by that time and ukraine had already been liberated, the siege of leningrad had been broken and threatened me had won the battles of selling drugs. that cost soon to blow up to become the cfo. circle with a slip. is it also best for you with us? it's and we still not feeling too of a deal. oh, see the guy and the guy my share of got go to consume data, always fucked. the just because at the window bottom you sent e z. as for most of the i see. so that's when we set you up with a bus that will put me on the block i, when the bumble, you know, as a blood by 5 or by made by see we can solve this issue i have for we have been pretty familiar. i am a sub eastern because the thing will suffice. if in disease of a most of messing i didn't room the little sketchy, victoria boulevard. unfortunately the person will she have sold dot dakota also about to go to mississippi. that was something i'm going to get to those push to bring you to a piece of net worth of stuff that also have kids. i'm going to, they said, is that a facility is a golf course because when we can see the eyes, you figure out what

the siege of leningrad had been broken and the red only had won the battle so stolen drug cost us as soon to blow up the cover. the cfo circle with a slope is and also by swinging with us as we spoke. not fully to volume bill. oh, see the guy and the guy, but i forgot the us consume data was funky just because the way to the army sent e z. as for more of a i see. so that's what we so you have cause the bus that will put me on the book i, when the bumble, you know, as a blood by 5 or by the bus 3, we can solve this issue i have for you been pretty familiar. i am a sub eastern because the thing will suffice. if it be used for the most of messing, i didn't know the little sketchy retorted boulevard. unfortunately was the 1st to move to have sold the computer. i also about to go now. so that was something i'm going to get to those pushed a huge piece of when they were themselves thoughts of kids. i'm going to push it. is it a facility? so think of caustic system. you can see in your eyes you. yep. it is one bu, genuine. dish in utah sort of thinking would manipulation that suggested imag

when i spent my fulbright in leningrad in 1981, all people wanted to know was how life was in the westrica, what my house look like, where did i go. there was a tremendous interest genuinely curious about this amazing life in the west. sometimes, i think they exaggerated it in cases, our life, to some level of prosperity that was incredible. now, that is not the case. we have an angrier, more xenophobic, more inwardly oriented and more nationalistic russia that is far more anti- western that people in the soviet period that i recall. today's challenges are very large and i want to lead you more with thinking, what we were able to do in the cold war, was good for today's generation has to do with that plus many other dangerous elements. >> doctor, one final question, you mentioned the demise of usia, promoting culture, have federal exchanges, what could we be doing now, better, especially with what you said about how things have changed in the soviet union, how media production has become slicker and more targeted. how might we improve the effort we are making to communicate with those

and if they had not had that extra couple of 100 kilometers to travel to capture leningrad declared that he was going to kill all of us have it. and so i'm going to go ahead and destroy the city and give it to finland. and by the way, to finish liter marshall, man, i'm was a 100 percent in favor of that butter and expose the bankruptcy of western policy and refusing to make a treaty with the soviets. and it was as should get exposed the betrayal of the polish government. at 1st, hitler plans to use polls by offering them the role of junior ally in his campaign against russia. colon however, considers itself to him and he's 40 flesh and intends to take on a slovakia, miller, bruce and to crane class out of and there's no place to live in the situation when comes with the death of consort ski, regarded warmly you can use the missing where to just keep working on till square. you see i'm giving you a person that gives you enough. that's what i'm getting interesting, you presume? where the chicago book deal? so it's good that comes over. it's got addition to what would you also score rush i

vladimir putin is in leningrad... what was i is in leningrad... but st petersburg today. and he made a statement where he lists... it talks about the holocaust but he has a list of the victims of the holocaust as jewish he has a list of the victims of the holocaust asjewish people, russians and gypsies. roma. and so, you know, the soviets, 19a5, they did not really like to recognise the extent of the nazi anti—semitism and targeting of dues. they underplayed bat, downplay that enormously. but now they accept that but they put russians just after that. so they tried to emphasise anti—semitism and rousseau phobia. —— russian phobia. they exploited the memory to justify the invasion of ukraine. because they are defending in their own terms. they are defending the russian speaking or as they think that russian population of eastern ukraine. and so... yes. jeremy, we need — ukraine. and so... yes. jeremy, we need to _ ukraine. and so... yes. jeremy, we need to leave _ ukraine. and so... yes. jeremy, we need to leave it _ ukraine. and so... yes. jeremy,

and this monument reminds us of the great suffering during the 900—day siege of leningrad.ffort by the authorities to present russia and russians as victims, notjust in the past, but also in the present. even in the light of russia's full—scale invasion of ukraine and as russia continues the war there. because of the war in ukraine, russian officials weren“t invited to the auschwitz commemoration, even though it was the red army that liberated the camp — the 27th of january later becoming international holocaust remembrance day. our europe editor katya adler is with me. possibly the last time survivors will attend an event like this here, so more important than ever that we remember their testimony. absolutely, you have spoken to survivors and so have i and of course, you listen to the words but you feel their pain and their experiences, and the message they want to send to you and that is what it is so important. we have heard the king say that, the prime minister was here about ten days ago, he also talked about the importance of talking to survivors and in the lead up to