she is a goddess of liberty. the goddess of liberty. there are seven rays on the crown, that represents the seven is seas in the seven continents. the left arm is the tablet with the all-important day of july 4, 1776. the signing of our declaration of independence. the start of our democracy. the tablet is in the shape of a keystone. in classical architecture, keystones are at the top of arches, they hold the arches together. this is august bartoldi telling us it's going to be democracy that's going to hold the world together. we come down, she's wearing that robe once again, a roman goddess of libertas. at the bottom of her feet are shackles, the right foot is striving forward, she's breaking the shackles, leaving the old ways behind, she's striding towards the new ways. this represents, liberation. she is moving forward. she's not facing new jersey. she's not facing new york city. she's walking forward. bringing these ideals of freedom. hope, liberty, change, walking forward and welcoming the rest of the world. the idea of liberty doe

liberty. not from my own perspective but from observations of what liberty meant for most people in the early 19th and 20th centuries. lochner is famous or infamous for the liberty of contract to overturn a law limiting the hours of bakers to ten hours a day or 60 hours a week. even though liberty of contract is not among the rights expressed in the constitution, peckham concluded that the general right to make a contract including the right to make and sell labor was in part protected by the 14th amendment. it was peckham's use of the contract to overturn the hours law that caused justice holmes to criticize the majority opinion as being based on -- curious thing is that the lochner case doesn't have actually anything to do with the contract in a meaningful sense. in its most fundamental character, a contract is a voluntary agreement between two people. it involves some degree of meeting of the minds and dealing at arms length. those conditions were clearly not present in employer-employee re

about liberty of contract, what was it about. the answer is that it was part of a more sweeping history. that history held that the constitution implied a right to businesses and individuals to be free from government regulation. this theory was revolutionary and it was controversy y'all, because it read contrary to the traditional american views of the relationship between property rights and a duty of the state to regulate in the public interest. it did not originate with lochner but lochner came to symbolize court's acceptance of it. the right to be free from government regulation is not expressly guaranteed in the constitution, therefore any argument in favor of it depends on the claim that it is a dominant character risk of our constitutional tradition. since the 1980s many legal historians have attempted to do just that. that have maintained that as expression of a long standing american tradition as limited government reflected in deks sewn yan democracy, the -- free labor or an add version to class legislation. while it's

owns liberty. it's unfortunate, as washington said, that the institution of political parties is usually anti-liberty. that's why liberty first university is important because it's going to be able to reach people in the privacy of their own homes. don't have to be embarrassed to comb to a meeting where we're talking about the constitution, and they can see the universal nature and applicableity of the constitution and liberty. >> host: in your view or research, what have the founding fathers get wrong? >> guest: if -- there there is one thing i can point to they missed the mark it was their faith in people to learn lessons of history. they really believed -- in that quote you gave from jefferson about the amending of the constitution -- they really believed that with prosperity we would have less war, we would have less conflict. the union would ensure the way the constitution was designed, limiting the authority of the executive, would limit the number of wars we're in, that would -- the union it

so you have no protection of liberty or the protection of liberty and particular liberty. so you have to have the number of government relatively small. so what happens is, you read them -- that's the way substantive due process is done now. and you look back at this case and say, what they did is they just elected or elevated the contract to fundamental rights and were wrong to do so. that's not what paul said they did. and paul is exactly right. this is a police powers case. vicky is right also. this is a police powers case. the premium was not placed on identifying the right, justifying the right like today. the premium is all placed on the exercise of the police power. it's not what rights we have, it's what is the appropriate scope of the police power that is at issue. paul is right. there are narrower scopes of the police power and broader scopes of the police power. that's what the debate was about. that's what the debate was about starting in 1868 when the 14th amendment gets enacted. and for the first time, the federal government has jurisdiction. the federal gove

or liberty except by due process of law. there were two ways that the lincoln administration had challenged traditional notions of due process. first, it suspended the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus. at first, in immediate theaters of the conflict but eventually everywhere in the united states. second, it tried people for various offenses in military courts. military commissions. rather han in the ordinary civil courts. this was a punitive measure designed to punish people ho had done something that had -- that ha had harmed the war effort. democrats had complained mightily about both of these policies. when you combined them with the seizure of billions of dollars of slave property, promised by the emancipation proclamation, democrats charged that lincoln was destroying civil liberty and property in the united states that he was in fact, creating a despotism. davis had no problem with the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus once congress had passed a law regular rising it in 1863. that was the h

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and liberty. so that is one reason, but as randy also said the second reason was the dispute about who should make the decisions about those debates. and lochner versus new york, the supreme court said it should make the decisions about those debates. >> and specifically, what did the court decide? what framework were they asked to look at in the case? >> well, they were asked to look at the constitutionality of the provisions of the bake shop act. it was how bakeries should be operated and there was one provision, section 110 of the bake shop act that basically limited the number of hours an employee could work in the bake shop to ten hours a day, 60 a week, that was the maximum they would be allowed to work under the statute. so the court was asked to decide whether this was a valid exercise of state's police power or whether it what was a violaf the liberty clause, saying no person should be denied liberty without the due process of law. >> we'll go back in time and already more about the condi

liberty did what?hour roadside assistance helped him to fix his flat so he could get home safely. my dad says our insurance doesn't have that. don't worry - i know what a lug wrench is, dad. is this a lug wrench? maybe? you can leave worry behind when liberty stands with you™. liberty stands with you™. liberty mutual insurance. buttrust angie's list to help., [ barks ] visit angieslist.com today. .. i had frequent heartburn, but my doctor recommended... ...prilosec otc 7 years ago, 5 years ago, last week. just 1 pill each morning, 24 hours and zero heartburn. it's been the number 1 doctor recommended brand for 10... ...straight years, and it's still recommended today. use as directed. liz: billionaire elon musk reports tesla is up 7%. they are boosted by revenue that nearly doubled. their shares have boost by 52% since the beginning of the year. leia, you are watching making money. the dow break through the 22,000 mark for the first time. president revealing an immigration bill today. the russian presi

and liberty. so that's one reason. he ails said the second reason that went right alongside is the dispute about who should make those decisions about those debates and lochner versus new york, the supreme court said it should make the decisions about the debates. >> specifically, what does the court decide, what framework were they asked to look at in this case? >> they were asked to look at the constitutionality of one provision of a larger statute that was called the bake shop act. it was a regulation of how bakeries should be operated that basically limited the number of hours that an employee could work in the bake shop to ten hours a day and 60 hours a week and that was the maximum they would be a tloud work under the statute and so the court was asked to decide whether this was a valid exercise of the state's police power or whether it was a violation of the liberty protected by the due process clause which says no person shall be denied life, liberty without due process of law and they dec

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the statue of liberty is about liberty lighting the world, american liberty lighting the world.u're referring to that was added later is not part of the original statue of liberty. more fundamentally, the history -- >> you're saying -- you're saying that that does not represent what the country has always thought of as immigrants coming into the country -- >> the notion -- >> i'm sorry -- >> let me ask you a question -- >> that sounds like a national revisionism. [ laughter ] >> no. >> what i'm asking you is the statue of liberty has always been a beacon of hope to the world for people to send their people to this country, and they're not always going to speak english, stephen. they're not always going to be highly skilled. they're not always going to be somebody -- >> jim, i appreciate your speech. so let's talk about this. >> reporter: top republicans are already balking at the president's immigration plan including south carolina senator lindsey graham who said the proposal would damage his state's agricultural and tourism industries. >> the poem is really what the statue of

but what about the civil liberties? well there the courts do have something to say and sometimes there is a clash. and so why is there so little? i think the answer is cicero. he was not one of the founders. but they did, in fact, know about cicero. and that attitude prevailed for many, many years. cicero said something like, i used to translate it this way, i would say when the cannons roar, the laws fall silent. i thought that was a good translation until somebody pointed out that romans didn't actually have cannons. so that sort of wrecked that. and then, well in times war, well when the arms are -- et cetera. you see the point. and now you say, did the court live up to that? yes. you won't find that many cases during 1812 or -- abraham lincoln. he had a real problem, obviously. but very few cases, maybe one -- or the civil court in the civil war. maybe lincoln didn't get involved in civil liberties? he didn't. he tens of thousands of people were arrested. the steward who was the secretary of state called in the brit

liberty stands with you™ liberty mutual insurance.: a senior islamic state leader used e-bay to fun money to an operative living in the united states. that was part of a recently unsealed fbi affidavit. he pretended to sell computer printers on e-bay to flannel man dwroint united states to potentially fund terror attacks through paypal. north korea's news agency said the u.s. was no more than a lump to be reduced to jelly in little time. >> i don't know what you are referring to and who is making the statement. but let me hear kim jong-un say it. he's not saying it. he hasn't been saying much for the last three days. david: joining me on what must be done to end the north korean tensions, lieutenant colonel tony shaffer. the president did lead to a suspicion that maybe something happened to the leader -- the north korean leader. do you know anything about that? >> no. we have been studying the situation in north korea for a long time. they tend to speak with great bluster, then back off. but what is different here is the result of thi

of american liberty lighting the world.

but the statue of liberty is a symbol of liberty and light in the world. it's a symbol of american liberty lighting the world. the poem that you're referring to was added later. it's not actually part of the original statue of liberty. but more fundamentally, but more fundamentally history -- >> you're saying that does not represent what the country has always thought of as the notion of coming into this country? >> i'm saying the notion -- >> i'm sorry. that sounds -- >> jim, let me ask you a question. >> that sounds like some national park revisionism. >> no. >> the statue of liberty has always been a hope to the world for people -- >> jim -- >> they're not always going to speak english, stephen. they're not always going to be highly skilled. >> jim, jim, jim, i appreciate your speech. i appreciate your speech sloechlts talk about this. let's talk about this. in 1970 when we let in 300,000 people a year, was that violating or not violating the statue of liberty law of the land? in the 1990s when it was a half million a year, was it violating or not viola

not merely civil liberties but religious liberties also. because they are integrally related to one another. so let's turn to some more revolutionary characters. and let's step through the years immediately preceding the revolution. and in fact during the revolution. and test adams by listening to what participants had to say about religion and its effects. this man, general thomas gage, the erstwhile friend and colleague during the french and indian war of george washington, was the military governor of massachusetts. a year later washington of course will be called to massachusetts to oppose his old friend and comrade in arms. now part of gage's proposed solution to rebellious sentiment in the bay state was rather curiously i think for a military man to restrain the congregational churches in and around boston and strengthen the anglican establishment. this comes in a letter that gage wrote to lord dartmouth in 1774. he said in that letter, quote, they, that is congregationalists, have a particular manner in perverting and turning ever to

freedom, hope, liberty, change. the idea of what the statue represents, it grows, it evolves, it changes. folks you're a big part of what she's become today. she's all over the place.

secondly, the statue of liberty is a symbol of liberty and light in the world. it's a symbol of american liberty lighting the world. the poem that you're referring to was added later. it's not actually part of the original statue of liberty. but more fundamentally -- >> you're saying that does not represent -- >> i'm saying that the notion -- i'm saying the notion -- i'm saying the notion. >> i'm sorry. it sounds like that. >> jim, let me ask you a question. >> that sounds like some national park revisionism. we just going bring in people from great britain and australia? >> actually, i can honestly say i am shocked at your statement that a you think that only people from great britain and australia would know english. it's actually -- it reveals your cosmopolitan bias to a shocking degree that in your mind -- no, this is an amazing -- this is an amazing moment. i just want the say -- >> it sounds like you're trying to engineer the racial and ethnic flow of people into this country. >> jim, that is one of the most outrageous, insulting, ignorant things you've ev

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because i believe in liberty and liberation and freedom and justice. i believe that if you go become a thousand years to the birthplace to cradle oxford let's just say some 1,000 years ago that the university was established to liberate us to educate a free man and a free woman, culture, a free society. to give us a sense of liberty and liberation thus the word liberal. so why? why do you believe people were so interested in what i had to say? why were 3.5 million and it is still being valid and posted the there. you're here today to hear about it some two years later -- was far become as moses and later from jefferson we were told that only by trusting in the paradox of liberty and law can we hope to protect our rights of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness and thereby be a people with purpose. not hapless but happy. not purposeless. but with purpose. and octave goal a measure hadding right outside of those things being measured. evident truths that are endowed from outside not constructed from inside. it was those senses around freedom that chest

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what about the civil liberties. there the courts do have something to say and sometimes there's a clash. so why is there so little? i think the answer is cicero. he was not one of the founders. but they did, in fact, know about cicero and that attitude prevailed for many, many years. cicero said something like, i used to translate like this way. when the canons roar the law falls silent. someone pointed out the romans actually didn't have canons. that wrecks that. in time of war, when the arms are, et cetera. you see the point. did the court live up to that? yes. you won't find that many cases during 1812 or abraham lincoln. i mean he had a real problem, obviously. but very few cases, one maybe known in the civil war. maybe lincoln didn't get involved in civil liberties. he didn't. i mean tens of thousands of people were arrested. seward was secretary of state called in the british ambassador and said you see this bell here? i can push this bell and i can have anybody i want in new york thrown into prison. he said i

liberty did what? yeah, liberty mutual 24-hour roadside assistance helped him to fix his flat so he could get home safely. my dad says our insurance doesn't have that. don't worry - i know what a lug wrench is, dad. is this a lug wrench? maybe? you can leave worry behind when liberty stands with you™. liberty stands with you™. liberty mutual insurance. ♪ >> after landing in december 1956, 31-year-old fidel castro, along with brother raul and chez guervarra. >> battista didn't regard this group as a serious threat. here's a small group, a band of revolutionaries in the mountain trying to fight an army of 10, 15,000 men. >> castro understood he could fight the war a different way. >> from the point of view of the cuban people this you not seen as a revolution. >> he presented himself as a romantic selfless leader whose cause was to restore democracy in cuba. it was in the truest sense a propaganda war and therefore a psychological war. >> and the psychological war was working. >> the middle class. >> the

moreover, jackson added, there was a great quote, distinction between the subjects of liberty. holding up the example of maryland, were the ongoing manumission of slaves resulted in a growing free population and those liberated were stealing rather than working, becoming common pickpockets and only harm the greater societies in which they were freed. and jackson warned that this has consequence. for jackson, any effort to free a people whose natural disposition predispose them to slavery was a waste of time and resources, but also flew in the face of nature's intended design for africans, unconditional bondage. following jackson's speech, the members of the house present voted down tucker's proposed amendment to the report. so the report continued to be debated and considered. during the next day's debate, william lawton smith and a dennis burke, representing south carolina, joined jackson aggressively defending slavery. both echoed jackson's depiction of slaves as culturally inferior and naturally fit for bondage. by advocating emancipation, the petitioners were doing an act o

liberty fifty years ago. ok phil i'd like to go back to you in greenville it seems to me and correct me if i'm wrong that the the u.s. turning a blind eye to this gross enjoy. this done to the the sailors of the u.s.s. liberty that it seems to me an interesting point of departure because we've seen how the israeli lobby influences american foreign policy actually even drives that some people would say in the middle east so if you can get away with committing murder and i think that on the face of it that's exactly what it was committing murder and you can get away with it you can get away with just about anything else go ahead kill well that's true and that's obviously an atrocity that cannot be forgiven in any way but it's important to for me to stress the fact that all of the other books ever written about the liberty sort of skipped over the involvement of lyndon johnson and our book does not do that penn's much of the responsibility on him i believe that having surrounded himself with with very overly zea

is a symbol of liberty and lighting the world. a symbol of american liberty lighting the world. the poem that you're referring to was added later. it's not actually part of the original statue of liberty. >> this whole notion of they have to learn english before they get to the united states, are we just going to bring in people from great britain and australia? >> this is an amazing moment that you think only people from great britain or australia would speak english is so insulting to millions of hard-working immigrants who do speak english. >> from all over the world. >> you're trying to engineer the racial and ethnic -- >> that is one of the most yowl outrageous, insulting and ignorant things you have ever said. the fact that you think is a racist bill is so wrong and so insulting. >> for you, that's treading down quite a path there. >> whenever i first met you and we came on set and you talk about how you're from long island. and i'm like when you say anything, it shows your cosmopolitan bias. >> it's lon-gisland. >> i don't

a measure is arbitrary if the liberties of some are being restricted in ways that the liberties of other similarly situated people or companies are not. the inquiry into rationality and ashby trarryness is to ascertain whether a particular restriction on liberty was enacted in good faith or was instead enacted to be a purpose that is outside the legitimate police power of states. such illicit motives include the desire to benefit some persons or firms at the expense of others or the desire to stigmatize the exercise of a liberty of which the legislature disapproves or to make the exercise of that liberty more costly just to deter it from being exercised. in other words, courts should be frying to smoke out pretextule legislation ta only purports to serve a health and safety rationale but is really enacted for improper motives. so we can read justice miller's opinion as accepting the factual record below that justified the law as a public health measure when he wrote the following -- it cannot be denied that the statute under consideration is aptly framed to remove the more densely popula

he argues that prior to declaring independence, the moravians had more liberty, the moravians had liberty to build their settlements, to carry on their mission to live together, to live out their peaceful principles. but once independence was declared, their religious liberties had decreased and were actually being threatened and were stripped away. it's a very interesting argument. as i mentioned, edwine looks to john locke and he says quote i will remain quiet and evade the issue as long as i may. but if dragged into the open air by my hair, i will refer to mr. locke. who recommended that when one political administration was repudiated, and another replaced, replaced by another, each individual then becomes a free and independent agent with the right to choose what form of government he would accept. and that as long as he would refuse consent to the new constitution, the latter could have no power over him. i'm not an expert on john locke, i don't know necessarily if edwine is reading and using lockian philosophy accurately. but of course locke is a tremendous proponent of natural law