the origins of all the ease norms comes from us which is the lieber code which started the civil warwhich lincoln lays out the left and right margin of what's appropriate or more and he does it in the context of the civil war. the golan and you want to join the north in a manner that is does not result in an ongoing civil war forever which we may have. i'd be curious to see the annals >> we are going to do this in the lightning round fashion because they are only four minutes left so go. >> we started this with the lieber code. lieber was hired to do this because he was from germany and was thought to know what the europeans think the rules are and he did some research. he gave some explanation for why these are the rules. we didn't just make them up. to the larger point of course we want to have rules in the way we fight war. of course you do and the question is are they frozen in place to what people thought they should be in the 1970s even that was a partisan telling in the 1970s. if you raise the question of getting into a war it's an interesting fact which has now been totally f

act of violence nearly silenced the voice of renounded local jazz singer from pittsburgh, carlton lieberefused to be a victim. his recovery has amazed even veterans, medical professionals. take a look. >> it is a miracle every time carlton steps up to the mike and belts out a tune. he's come a long way since shot in the face in june of 2015. >> for a second, my eyes closed, i could see stars, as if i had gotten punched in the head. and i said did i just get a shot? i remember thinking oh, i don't want to die. >> carlton was rush to the hospital in critical condition unable to speak, he could only describe what happened by writing on a tablet. >> pierced my tongue, lodge in the my jaw. >> despite the damage, carlton new woe speak and sing again. >> but his doctors, the bullet had shattered, but the recovery was so impressive, so unimaginable, he was chosen to be featured in a health network commercial, and yes, he did sing again. >> ♪ >> ♪ >> i believe that i am a much better singer now because my mind and heart is in a different place. >> ♪ >> ♪ >> thank you. >> because my minds and hear

. >> i want to dispute what you said first about we started this, professor lieber was hired to do this because he was from germany and was thought to know about what do europeans think the rules are? and he did some research and gave some explanation of why these are the rules, we didn't just make them up but to the larger point, yes, of course we want to have rules in the way we fight war. the question is are they frozen in place? what people thought they should be in the 1970s, even when that was a partisan telling in the 1970s, the answer to that is no. if you raise the question of getting into a war, it's just an interesting fact which has been now totally forgotten. they used to have before the second world war, pacific reprisals which meant hit them hard and break stuff. and after 1945 we thought know, hit them hard then it will be a war and that will be terrible. no, no, because reach version had to be something which was in it self lawful. i think this is more than that but i think it blurs a lot of lines as to what you think of as an act of force when you can do it at a distan