and jack in his book and not to mention, we are lincoln men, which is about lincoln and his relationship to his soldiers. and jim mcpherson, who offered the battle cry of freedom but also as we heard "tried by war" lincoln as commander in chief. right on the mark in both cases and what more appropriate and to talk about. you two can battle that out later. jack, let's start with you. you've said that davis would have actually preferred a confederate position to the presidency, was that a bit of reverse bravado? >> jefferson davis was not the most self-aware of men. he tended to be pretty blind to a lot of his personality failings and shortcomings, davis genuinely did inside understand that he didn't have the nature of an executive. i think that he genuinely would have preferred to be out in the field. he was comfortable with soldiers and comfortable with the rugged sort of life. they at least seem to meet you head on, unlike the politicians, i know this will surprise many people. i think we can take him at his word in that instance, he says he would rather have been out in the field. in h

lincoln as president. how do you feel about that? >> well, i'll answer first by saying that that was my final question. [ laughter ] so you've usurped me so i will let the others answer. >> well, first it was actually another david, not david donald but david potter who made that assertion in the famous essay that he wrote and gave as a paper at gettysburg back in i think 1959 or 1960 called jefferson davis and political factors in confederate defeat, i think in which he said of the two sides that switched presidents the confederacy might have won the war. i think he was saying that tongue and cheek personally in order to make a point about what he saw as davis' failures of leadership, more political than military failures. i don't -- who can know the answer to that question but i don't think that really is a serious proposition. >> i'll just say i hope he was speaking tongue and cheek because i have a lot of regard for david potter, but i've seen no basis for it whatever, if anything i might wonder if the

make lincoln institute a state school. in 1870 as this election approached, he was living here in jefferson county and orchestrated this deal whereby he delivered 20,000 black votes to the republican party, in exchange for which lincoln institute got its first state appropriation. seven or eight years later it would be taken over by the state. lincoln institute was the only place of higher education that african-americans -- only public institution of higher education that african-americans could attend well into the 20th century. during world war i, many black soldiers fought and died for freedom world war 1. after the war there was an increased clammering for access to the state's public institutions, particularly the university of missouri in columbia. the state of missouri was reluctant to open that institution to african-americans and they offered a counter measure. and that counter measure was in 1921, they transformed lincoln institute from institute to university. they change the name. and said to african-americans

how much did a committee effect lincoln? it sometimes provided him with cover for trying to push dilatory generals forward but lincoln was a canny political who didn't need the committee to tell him how to think about the war. in time early day like most northerners gave way to hard realty and he accepted a hard war view, his seconds inaugural tells you what he was feeling by the spring of 1865. the committee's impact on the war, it certainly didn't help the careers of mcclellan and meade and few other generals but lincoln always fired those he did fire when he was ready to do it. he was not a man to be bullied by the committee. and i want to reiterate that i think the committee was fundamentally right. one in its investigation, in undertaking these investigations and if you read what the committee actually was doing, it's own words, it makes sense. and a lot of what people came to think about the committee was a smear by later historians and that may be a strong word, smear, probably excessive, but i think you see where i'm

and abraham lincoln faced politica

how much did the comment affect lincoln? it sometimes provided him with cover for trying to push generals forward but frankly lincoln was a canny politician who didn't need the committee to need to tell him how to think about the war. and in time gave way to hard reality and he also accepted a hard war view. his second inaugural tells you what he was feeling in 1865. the impact on the war, it didn't help the careers of the generals, but, lincoln only fired them or fired those he did fire when he was ready to do it. he was not a man to be bullied by the committee. and i want to reiterate that i think the committee was right. one in the investigation and if you read what the committee was actually doing, its own words it makes seps and a lot of what the people came to think about the committee was a smear by later historians and that may be a strong word but i think you see where i'm going. and i think finally, we have to remember that wars, any wars that are fought without serious oversight are wars that get out of hand. and

abraham lincoln. as bob was nice enough to say, i would tell that story in a book that will be published this year, "1862 the making -- abram had a lincoln and making of america" and i hope you will all read and enjoy that. and thanks for letting me slip in that plug. today i want to talk about an overlooked branch of the government during that extraordinary year 150 years ago. the 37th congress of the united states was arguably the most productive, the most creative, the most farseeing and the most consequential in american history. don't take my word for it. here's john nicolai, the grouchy gatekeeper of lincoln's presidential office. the secretary whose job it was to say no on behalf of the busiest man in the world and, boy, was he ever good at it. people called him irascible. that was the only one of the names that i can repeat in -- on c-span. when congress adjourned in mid july after about 7 1/2 months in session, having wrenched american history from the dead end of slavery toward the hard, slo

lincoln was a product of era of legislative dominance. he never complained of any infringement on the office of the president, as much as the committee sometimes irritated him. and he never refused to cooperate with it. lincoln's reluctance to challenge generals, particularly george mcclellan certainly encouraged the committee to pursue aggressively for more forceful action. an odor of political partisanship colored the later writing about the committee's work and has to be addressed. now it's true enough that the officers that the committee challenged most severely were usually democrats. and those it favored were usually republicans. in a speech indicative of radical sentiments that committee member george julian dlif delivered to the house in 1863, he declared frat flatly that the democrats stood for slavery. not only is it that rebels are democrats, but so are rebel sympathizer, whether in the nornl or south. loyalty and republicanism go hand in hand throughout the union as perfectly as traeson and slavery. strong words pretty much re

and not only did lincoln invision a government that would help the weak grow stronger ignorant wiser and all of us appier he also pointed out that it's not the takers like romney and his capitalist extra banks or buddies who create our nation's riches lincoln says the makers the workers as lincoln wrote december eight hundred forty seven the habits of our whole species fall into three great classes useful labor useless labor and idleness of these the first only is meritorious and all the products of labor rightly rightfully belong but the two latter while they exist are heavy pensioners upon the first robin hood of a large portion of its just rights and went on to say the government should drive useless labor out of existence that romney on their other hand wants to defend the useless labor income of the paris hiltons of the world to make their livings sitting around the pool waiting for the dividend check to arrive and then pay a fraction of the income tax the working people must pay romney calls the right of bain capital to drive people out of business liberty here's the result of

>> well, i'm a great lincoln fan. i'm not anti-lincoln. think he should have been impeached. i'm not even saying he would have been. but as a fictional premise, the notion that he might have been fascinated me. in part because there were so many things that lincoln did that we don't think about that had they come up, had people wanted to argue about them, suspending habeas corpus, arresting reporters who wrote unfavorable stories, things like that, it's fascinating to think what kind of arguments we could have had if people had debated those things at the time. >> i was surprised in the lore of what you read about it, you don't realize he locked up people that were critical of the war. he shut down opposition newspapers and often just ignored court orders altogether. that was pretty stunning, you know, as a person who obviously is not an expert in lincoln. >> lincoln did all of those things, but his argument for doing them is it was necessary to win the war. in lincoln's view, the united states was threatened. if the war was lost, the sout

even lincoln would argue i have to get those troops to washington.the union wouldn't have stayed. fdr is told somehow that the japanese-americans will be coming in from california to detroit to take over the country. but as thurgood marshall, the supreme court justice once said, those are the moments when civil liberties matter the most and you have to be careful. all those presidents suffer in history. eleanor roosevelt said about the incarceration of the japanese-americans and fdr's failure to bring more jewish refugees into the country before hitler closed the door forever those were his scars. i think lincoln if he came back now would know his scar he wished he hadn't had to do the habeas corpus. usually you don't have to do those things but this is your point, war gross on itself and you do everything you need to. it's a sad, dark chapter. >> the human element, jefferson used this when he talked about buying louisiana which was unconstitutional. and he was -- >> details, details. >> for constitutional amendment before he was against it. he was g

i should say, i am a lincoln fan.ot -- didn't write this book to say that lincoln should have been impeached but the premise is interesting to me. some say if lincoln survived, is it possible to have an impeachment trial, what would it have looked like? that's why it's fiction. >> what did people in his own party not like about him? >> we tend to forget that lincoln, to a lot of the abolitionists was seen as a westerner, no college, no formal education, had a funny accent, he had a high voice. they looked down on him through his presidency anyway. they thought he wasn't sufficiently absolutist in his purr suft of the abolitionist mission and so on. the idea is that members of his own party once the war is safely won along with members of the opposition, take up some of the things he did in the war, the closing of opposition newspapers, the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus, defying court orders. things lincoln said were necessary for winning the war. those are the charges against him. >> you're a lincoln fan you

and abraham lincoln faced political fallout from the trent affair. on december 28th, 1861, new york banks suspended specie redemption and other banks soon followed. now, we had suspensions before in this country, most notably in 1837, 1839 and 1857, but this time we had a war to worry about and financial chaos was the last thing we needed. not only was there a halt in the specie outflow from banks but what that meant was there was no market for buying the federal bonds because they had to be purchased with specie. so something else had to give. we couldn't get tax revenue. we couldn't do conventional borrowing. so we printed money. now, when lincoln took office in march 1861, he inherited a financial crazy quilt of 1600 state chartered banks circulating some 10,000 different types of bank notes. there was an urgent need for funds. lincoln sprang into action and often working behind the scenes he used secretary chase and various members of congress to conduct a radical overhaul of the nation's financial system. the federal government issued some $450

so the national mall is really our backyard, but it stretches from the capitol to the lincoln memorial and it also includes the section from the white house to the national memorial and millions of visitors will -- ground be protected and preserves for the future. each year congress has to consider potential changes and additions to the mall and deliberate how each proposal would affect this important resource and it's finite kpas by, the memorial to president eisenhower has gained significant attention and in my opinion the process has failed to achieve the design with the consensus of support. this particular situation has worked out, it's my hope that we can learn from the process, what was done well, and what we as a community can do. the committee must also consider the pace at which new memorials have proliferated in the past decade. we need to -- taken on their own, there are probably thousands of ideas that make sense, the vietnam memorial is inspiring. but -- korean memorial, subsequently to an enormous world war ii memorial and now that that has been built, people are asking

but lincoln never intended a permanent departure. greenbacks koucounted as part o the federal debt. and like other government borrowing, applied a future foundation. and we did, in fact, return to a gold standard in 1873 which later gave rise to william jennings brian's famous cross of gold speech. but that's history for another day. so government borrowing practices during the civil war had a far more substantial effect on public finance. and both of the time, and consequently, the tax policy. the revenue effect was large. jay cook's efforts pioneered the way for direct sale of treasury bonds in notes to the public rather than using commercial banks. deficit financie ining became t norm during wartime. and we got our first real try at fiat money. now, when chase was diterring about whether fiat money was constitutional or not, abraham lincoln said i have that sacred instrument here at the white house. and i am guarding it with great care. so chase enthusiastically embraced the issuance of green backs, with his face on them, of course. he flip-flopped writing for chase decided the g

but lincoln never intended a permanent departure from the bi-metallic standard. in fact, greenbacks counted as part of the federal debt and like other borrowing implied a future taxation. by counting greenbacks as a federal debt, we were acknowledging a plan to return to the bi-met al ick standard. that's history for another day. so government borrowing practices duringed civil war had a far more substantial effect on public finance both at the time and consequently than did tax policy. the revenue effect was large. jay cook's efforts pioneered the efforts of direct sale of treasury bonds and notes to the public rather than using commercial banks as intermediaries. deficit financing became the norm during wartime and we got our first real try at fiat money. as an interesting sidenote, when chase was dithering about whether fiat money was constitutional or not, abraham lincoln reassured him, quote, i have that sacred institution, the u.s. constitution, here at the white house and i'm guarding it with great care, unquote. so chase enthusiastically embraced the issu

i appreciate sandy's comments about lincoln. so i thought when i wrote this last book of mine which is not on sale today unfortunately, about what makes for great and bad presidents. and we do tend to focus on the great ones, but i want to restore some attention to the loser president, the bad ones. and the federal society helpfully did a poll of 300 scholars, they do it every few years asking us to rank presidents and the one that's unchanged over the years, there's not a lot of fluctuation in political party. there seems to be a lot of agreement as to who were good presidents and the ones that were bad ones. if you look at the bottom, they do have a high level of very accomplished people. so the worst president by unanimous acclimation was buchanan. if i mention this in college audiences, some of the students start thinking buchanan, buchanan, they think pat buchanan might have the one i was talking about. but the president right before lincoln. he had done everything you're supposed to do as president. he thought another pers

the lincoln problem. we've had 44 presidents. so much of discussion turns out to focus as if it's an end of one. so that proposals are often judged about what abraham lincoln. let's talk about abraham loin condition for 30 second. he captured the white house with 38.9% of the popular vote. that election triggered a wall that killed part of the population. you may not believe the war was a good thing. i'm slightly ambivalent to the extent that i support this con fill graduation. it is basically because of humanitarian efforts to overcome slavery. if one is anti-slavery, one ought to believe that it was described by garrison as a covenant with death should not itself been ratified. but even independently of the war, there have been 44 presidents and it would have been good and it is certainly not a very high end, but at least we might discuss the overall experiences we have had. john is right that the presidents are legislative leaders at least as early as jefferson and one thing about jefferson is he didn't like speaking to the pu

so the complexity and the complexion of lincoln university changed almost overnight. when integration came it was a school of 600 students. today it's a school that's closer to 3,000 students. it's one of the most racially integrated institutions in the country. >>> all weekend long, american history tv is featuring the history of jefferson city, missouri, the state capital, located on the missouri river, hosted by our partners, local content vehicles recently traveled there. learn more all weekend on american history tv. >>> i'd like to welcome all of you today, and thank you for coming to the missouri governor's mansion. on behalf of goff mor jeremiah nixon, the first lady, their two sons and their dog, daniel boone, we welcome you to the home. this this building that we're standing in front of was built in 1871, completed in january of 1872, making it 140 years old. this mansion also has the distinction of being one of the oldest official governor's residences to be in continuous use dating back to 1872. well, central missouri was not very well settled. there were

kendis to do was happening with lincoln. but he was saying was everyone else was trying to prop up this divided house. lincoln cut through all that with this idiom that showed that the country had to move and a new direction. they all understood the character of their time. they all had a vision, an ability to envision the new country, the new direction that they wanted to move the nation toward. they all had this vague complex quality which i call simply political as shortness which is the ability to sort of get your hand on the livres a power. it's not designed to be easy. did your hand on the labors of power and direct them in such a way as to move the country toward that vision. all six had it. now we come to ronald reagan. he headed also. he did, in fact met transform the political landscape. he was certainly, he meets the voter test because he was a two-tier president succeeded by his own party. he's not consistently elevated in the polls, although as i know, he is going up rather significantly, and i think he's probab

who is lincoln's opponent? this is actually not in any of your readings. >> mcclelland. >> mcclelland is on a platform that -- the democratic party platform. i mean they've -- parts of the democratic party which wanted to declare an armistice. if you do one, the confederate is basically won -- a lot these northerners -- so-called peace democrats don't realize that the confederates really want their independence. they think if you do a cease-fire you can renegotiate this and the confederates sometimes talk openly how they want to encourage this misconception. these knuckleheads think this. we want our own country at this point. but if you stop you're not going to be able to start the machine back up again. this would become a fait accompli. but mcclelland's own position is somewhat different. we don't completely know in all honesty what mcclelland would have done. for all -- yes, he was not in favor of emancipation but he was a union man still and mcclelland would have been president, so that dynamic might have

it was actually 1865 right after the assassination of abraham lincoln, and the group of french people who were behind the idea were emotionally tied to the united states. they loved the american form of government, and they were abolitionists, and so they had particular affection for president lincoln, and they -- they came together actually at the home of a man named edouardo laboullet who was france's leading specialist on the united states in the 19th century. toqueville died in 1859, and then laboullet was the main specialist on the united states, and he was the head of france's abolition society, and so a group of men got together at laboullet's summer house near versailles, and their idea was to try to come up with a way of commemorating the life and achievements of abraham lincoln to celebrate the victory of the north in the civil war and to make a critical comment on their own government because it turned out that in the 1860s french had an authoritarian government run by napoleon iii who was the nephew of napoleon. and it was a government that was not friendly to liberty, and

and the eyes of history turned to abraham lincoln, expeence wasn't enough. on-the-job training and evolution proved to be more important. and it's true that history almost always belongs to the winners. but about 30 minutes ago i mentioned john houseman so i will end and thank these gentlemen by saying that in a way abraham lincoln achieved his superior reputation the old-fashioned way. he earned it! thank you, jack davis and jim mcpherson. [ applause ] >>> "the civil war" airs here every saturday at 6:00 and 10:00 p.m. and sundays at 11:00 a.m. eastern time. to watch more of our civil war programming anytime, visit c-span.org/history. and to see what we're up to during the week or to send us your questions and comments, join us online. follow us on twitter or like us on facebook at facebook.com/c-spanhistory. you're watching american history tv all weekend every weekend on c-span3. >>> coming up next, a discussion on the history of the gold standard. three panelists, including author lewis lehrman, debate the origins, benefits and drawbacks of the system. t

>> abraham lincoln. >> abraham lincoln? >> yeah. >> bill: how much do you know about who made this country a bags of freedom? jesse watters with some interesting observations. >> do you know what year we declared independence from great britain? >> 1964. >> 1864. >> 1776. [bell] >> third time is a charm. >> bill: caution, you where to enter the no spin zone, the factor begins right now. >> bill: i'm bill o'reilly. thanks for watching us tonight. the ghost of ronald reagan haunting president obama. that is the subject of this evening's talking points memo. mr. obama opened up a new front in his battle against mitt romney today by going back to the tax the rich mantra. the president trying to force romney in to defending wealthy americans by opposing tax increases on them. so, say hello once again to our little friend, class warfare. but here is an interesting side bar. the ghost of ronald reagan may be haunting president obama. 32 years ago america was also in bad economic times. the incumbent president jimmy carter had expa

the eyes of history turned to abraham lincoln. experience wasn't enough, on the job training and evolution proved to be more important. it is true that history almost always belongs to the winners. about 30 minutes ago, i mentioned john hausman and i will end and thank the gentlemen by way of saying lincoln earned his reputation. thank you, jack and jim. [ applause ] >>> the civil war airs here every saturday at 6:00 and 10:00 p.m. and sundays at 11:00 a.m. eastern time. to watch more of the civil war programming anytime, visit our web site at c-span.org/history. to see what we are up to during the week, join us online. follow us on twitter at c-spanhistory or facebook.com. you are watching american history tv. all weekend. every weekend on c-span 3. >>> coming up next, a discussion on the history of the gold standard. three panelists, lewis lehrman discuss the draw backs of the system and why the u.s. left the gold standard and the arguments for reinstating it. the new york historical society hosted the event and it is just over

did we drag them out on lincoln with horses? were we able to put out some rails. there's a good deal of bodies when you say 50 or 100. >> that's a good question i was really struggling with. well, for one thing, the golden gate park, the roads, the park commissioners were very jealous about. they didn't want anybody to use the golden gate park roads for commerce or transporting things. they wanted to keep it for recreation. so for a long time i thought maybe they used that streetcaroline on lincoln way, used the rail, somehow put the cars on some kind of fladbed rail thing, brought them out to the edge and dragged them across the sand, perhaps on sleds or something. i finally came across what heyman did in an article. he actually somehow talked the commissioners into using the golden gate park roads. so he -- remember, the apparatus, most of the machinery, is taken out of these cars which makes them a lot lighter. they're mostly wood at this point. they're probably brought out, pulled by horses through golden gate park road. then in 1892, the great highway gets im

and so go back to some of the arguments and abraham lincoln others whoaininha ersunstwa ra todlathe natural rights. it later turns into the constitution. and that's relevant the declaration is relevant t how we interpret he sti tharnt t cotu sd clioipetsh as ab han ham lincoln said it was the apple of gold in the frame of silver. ov peeled anon e'c p s e constitution is a frame of silver. 's the written not to conceal or destroy the apple. to gve it pride of place. wasth gnt weeterdt cotu igh t uadausrenna sides. proor ntislavery. a few different clauses. corise thatodsl he vi e sa eugelanth tion so peoe interpreted those provision as a a anticipating a time when slavely would not appear. it doesn't appear in the constitution. refs sesar. cu txofre sl w the founrs meant to put it on a course or ultimate distinction. overs look at the pro

. >> let's start back in april 4th, 1865, that's when lincoln was here. jefferson davis left town april 2, 1865, about 11:00 p.m., the union army took over the city with the house on the morning of april 3rd, and abraham lincoln was here april 4th. he came in through the front doors. five days after that general lee surrendered his army and on april 14th lincoln shot, died the next day, jefferson davis captured by the union army may 10th, 1865. now, general godfrey whitzel turned this into headquarters april 3rd and remained that until january 1870. the union army took very good care of the house, for the most part. this was their home and headquarters for almost five years. now, in the first week or two of occupation, things were a little bit different. soldiers and officers coming and going, taking souvenirs from the house, sleeping on the floors and in the chairs and on the piano, in one case. so it was pretty chaotic first couple of weeks. after things settled down here a bit, this was lived in by a succession of u.s. army generals who took good care

lincoln was not as hard on south carolina as barack obama was on arizona. you want to put yourself in that mold, mr. president, then act in that mold. you want to be that person -- or like that person, then imitate that person. let me close. back to america and what it is. this is, as lincoln said, the title of my book, the last best hope of earth. 1862, after the bloody battle of anteedum, still the bloodiest day in american history. abraham lincoln said we shall nobley save or meanly lose this last best hope of earth. when i became secretary of education, my wife, elementary schoolteacher said go teach classes around the country. you're a good teacher, go teach. i said, i'm the secretary of education for the united states. i don't do retail. i do wholesale. >> she said, daughter of a successful businessman, she said do good retail and you'll do better wholesale. she said, going into the schools, you might consider home work. why don't you do your home work before you make your pronouncements? i said none of the other guys do. why should i? well, she was r

i'm the avist at lincoln er ae de llon tve at lincoln university.what we have in our collection sinse are hl bck ie tds y,ostl african-american experience and african-american history. we do have a lot of other works besides african-american based o he a f r csedy thryf congress claification system. anything from european history, tchlo., literature, all the way avruhrgh d t hebein he. gong to have my assistant help me display the books we ve. hrdlaics he,t about every library has this. this is a 1915 edition of that. avlo b b thnyraouav os, middle ages just going around. if you are familiar with ar cess emre e ec contains a lot of fmati about stof nra. this was put out in 1883. this is one of the older books we have and what is interesting ers he tto bks b -t african-americans in a positive lit and also examples of them not so positive and we have quit aitf vaetyn o cotiegngt. follow me, we are going into what we call the false readi room. ctofs leio probably t largest part. we have everything -- is is a firsition that hasn bobuisir edn. frederick

lincoln when he set a house divided against itself cannot stand. but he was saying was essentially everyone else was trying to prop up a divided house in lincoln cut through all of that with this idiom to show the country had to move in any direction and they all understood the character of their time. the allegation. they all had to envision the new country, new direction they wanted to move the nation toward. they all had this day, complex quality that's political greatness to get your hands on the levers of power. it's not designed to be easy, but to get your hands on the levers of power in direct them in such a way to move the country towards that vision and all six have it. and now we come to ronald reagan. i think he did in fact transform the political and you can set the country on a new course. he was certainly -- he meets a voter test because he was a two-term president succeeded by his own party. he's not consistently elevated in the polls, although as i note he is going rather sit intricately and i think he's probably going to get there.

what if president lincoln had survived?or steven carter about his new novel ahead on "morning joe." the medicare debate continues in washington... ...more talk on social security... ...but washington isn't talking to the american people. [ female announcer ] when it comes to the future of medicare and social security, you've earned the right to know. ♪ ...so what does it mean for you and your family? [ female announcer ] you've earned the facts. ♪ washington may not like straight talk, but i do. [ female announcer ] and you've earned a say. get the facts and make your voice heard on medicare and social security at earnedasay.org. you'll inevitably find yourself on a desolate highway in your jeep grand cherokee. and when you do, you'll be grateful for the adaptive cruise control that automatically adjusts your speed when approaching slower traffic. and for the blind spot monitoring that helps remind you that the highway might not be as desolate... ...as you thought. ♪ >>> welcome back to "morning joe." 37 past the hour. live

i will focus on the three lincoln way, this antique, and lake merced. -- on the 3, lincoln way, vicente and lake merced. we do not know whether it will go to three or two one. that will take place within a year. the discussions that take place on southeast will probably give us an indication of where they will come down on the west side. our analysis looked at this range. we also looked at most of our alternatives, as you see, are related to pumping additional flow from the west side transport. that is because the existing southwest ocean out fault was designed for 570 million gal. per day of this charge, and at present what whether we are putting 170 million gal. per day out. we have an existing infrastructure in place that can handle more outflow and the option is to take advantage of that. again, we look at current and do nothing options, which basically, we have the existing seven discharges at about 164 million gal. a day. then we looked at various levels of increased pumping. 70 million gal. a day. that gets us to four. it does take a sizable chunk out of the volume. the 100 and g

and others such as the stairway to the old lincoln courthouse, billy, pat, bald and james seemed to walk side by side up the creaking within steps. many of the people connected with the or it derve rft. y ndatst f l eyeeos in a way doomed seven orloff thscreen writers for the classic film pat garrett and billy the kid. ey lived in a harsh land and time, time that saw tremendous soisae hsile silniin y heenat tnt 't as much about right versus wrong, laufman versus out law as it was about survival. for thers to survive, billy could not, garrett culd not. ese me isdlg a atecdthf ort s still there. billy forever called out in the darkness of the past who is it, and like garate sitting and waiting we arenable to answer, unable t stop whathpe . hi ok ts dual biography of billy the kid and pat garate i really focus on personalities and there's lots of personalities in the story of the lincoln countywar and the altbach ds of th mexico itrea engdial f dramatic era and it had its own personality. and tonight i want to give you a feing for the personality through the music of that time and i refer t

three weeks at farmington plantation with the key in shaping abraham lincoln's view on slavery. take a look back. c-span local content vehicle exports literary life across america. this weekend from louisville on c-span2 and c-span3. >> we have to be clear about the ways that we own our cells and that we own our history and that we make decisions that our history is phenomenal, vital, and special. >> the former president of bennett college rates on african-american economic history. this sunday, your questions and calls for the author of " surviving and thriving."