general zachary taylor the most popular and abraham lincoln was one of the first supporters of zacharytaylor what do we know about him? we don't know his position on slavery at this point it comes to the fore because they have a vast new territory in the west in the have a terrible fight an amendment that seeks to prevent the expansion of slavery in the territory and actively variate actively supports this proviso wallaces and taylor's position in? we don't know he said he was the way it but not peeled away and henry clay won the nomination but lincoln said we have ran long enough on principle to know we should not win sunday was one of the first who's supported zachary taylor so if he is going to be the nominee for president weeder tried and true big to serve as vice president and there looked to the former congressman from new york who is now serving as comptroller who is still more. sack retailer comes in as president as if taylor could serve out the term in for a california to join the union are live with a free state comes in you have to give a trade-off but you can come and is no

when people asked him about lincoln later on, he didn't really put lincoln in the great man category. i am curious to why you think that. >> i do not know the answer to that question. i have been curious as well. i find ate little bit puzzling. i think he did vote for lincoln in 1864, there is no doubt about that. he did not in 1860 because he couldn't yet vote in 1860. but you're quite right in that he never really expressed the kind of reverence for lincoln or admiration and profound respect for lincoln's leadership and what lincoln stood for that one might have thought, that, i think his father, oliver wendell holmes sr. did. and it may have had something to do with the skepticism in which he emerged from the war about so much of everything. but it still does puzzle me. i don't really have a good answer to that question. >> he comes out of the war with a very strong sense of what a mess the campaigns were. really the experience of the army of the potomac would've confirmed that. for long periods in holmes's service, he's just wading through swamps trying to get from the virginia no

lincoln is a republican. lincoln is nothing if not a party guy. he is a moderate -- >> a moderate republican. there are more conservative republicans and more radical republicans, but one thing that struck me, and republicans divide on a lot of different issues that we're familiar with in the civil war that are not related to slavery. they divide on the homestead bill, on the taxation issue and the financial issues and divide on the pacific railroad act. they -- and those things get passed through coalitions of northern democrats and republicans. on emancipation issues, on every issue that eman's -- every time emancipation comes up or slavery come ups the votes-virtually unanimous. republicans are looking for the ground on which all republicans can stand, and it's remarkable series of unanimous votes from the first of the war to the end, on washington, dc emancipation, on slavery in the territories, on the slave trade treaty the fumingsive slave law, the first and second act, the revision of the military orders and the like. every time it comes up

stories about him calling lincoln a damn fool. >> president lincoln was at fort stevens on july 11. he was peering over the parapet while the bullets were flying. some soldier told him to get down. he may have said it, get down, you fool or you damn fool. we know somebody did because lincoln told john hey about it that evening that some soldier had roughly told them to get down. hay recorded in his diary. we don't know whether holmes was there on the 11th. we know he was there on the next day and lincoln was there. on this occasion, general wright told lincoln to get down. i would like to believe that it was holmes on the 11th that the lincoln to get down, but we do not know that for sure. i do not know, ted, would you think about this. i suspect it was probably someone else but i wish it was holmes. >> i have reason to doubt that it was holmes for two reasons. holmes talked to his close friends about his experiences at the civil war. he spoke to his law clerks. when he would remember the days of wounds, he would sometimes make other allusions to things and he did write a letter tha

that included president lincoln. the plaque that you see says that included president lincoln. the plaque that you see says lincoln under fire at fort stevens. it also happened on july 11. july 11, lincoln was here. this represents the only time in american history where a sitting u.s. president came under fire in a shooting war right here on this very spot. the confederate sharpshooters were out there. this is all farmland. it was clear. back there, is the walter reed medical center. on the grounds, there is a tree with a plaque on it that supposedly says this is where confederate sharpshooters shot at lincoln. the same thing happened on the second day. that is what that plaque represents. a union surgeon by the name of crawford was standing next to lincoln, probably right here, and was shot in the leg. that is when lincoln was ordered down. lincoln, six feet four and his hat made a pretty tempting target. the legend has grown up that it was holmes that told lincoln to get down, you fool and instantly regretted saying it. i have a whole chapter in the book about that incident.

he is twice received the lincoln prize. the first time in 1998 for his 2009.nd again in white is the david and mary hairston distinguished professor of law at the virginia law school. .e is the author of 16 books law and american history volume one from the colonial years to the civil war. or chief justice warren. we will have more time for discussion about justice holmes. professor snider, i turn the floor to you. thesem delighted to have historians here and i will try to get out of the way and let them be the stars of the show. isver wendell holmes fascination to lawyers and historians both on the stories of the civil war and court. was the huge impact of the civil war on his jurisprudence on his life, on his worldview. we are going to have professor mcpherson speak about the war and have professor white speak about him and court. the floor is yours. [applause] everybody.ning, i am looking forward to this discussion. everybody who knows something about oliver wendell holmes jr. is familiar with the famous passage from his

>> abraham lincoln, definitely. >> abraham lincoln. huge monument. >> george washington. >> george w. thomas jefferson. >> bill clinton. >> bill clinton? >> i thought he was a terrific speaker. >> and lincoln's leadership, what exactly did he do? >> i literally have no idea. >> i can't believe it. how about you guys? >> i can't believe it. >> i'm going to show you a few pictures of other presidents and we'll go bing, bing, bing, bing. >> peanut farmer? >> you're not helping at all. >> that's jimmy carter. >> nixon? >> not carter. >> no, definitely not carter. >> i don't know. >> it's carter. >> i think it's a serious mistake. >> they said his name weird, mr. carter. >> mr. kotter. >> you seem like a carter fan just by looking at you. >> what are you looking at, popeye. >> what is that right there? >> jfk. >> what does that stand for? >> idiot. >> who's that? >> hoover. >> dwight eisenhower. >> who are you? one of the mental patients? >> fdr. do you know what that stands for? >> franklin roosevelt. >> no. i honestly did not know that. >

lincoln there. mrs. lincoln there. and we have nick delay, will be firing a cannon. the first time in 150 a cannon will be fired from a d.c. fort. so, you have got to come out and share that. [laughter] and on sunday we will have the memorial program at the battleground national cemetery and we will pay respect to the 38 soldiers buried there any many others who have given the ultimate sacrifice for this country. i know we did not have a lot of time and i am not sure we are going to be able to open it up for questions but i encourage you to tell your friends about it and visit our website. and thank you so very much. [applause] >> i think we have time for one or two questions. if people would like to come to either of the microphones. if folks have questions, we will go ahead and take them in turn. so if you could give us a minute, sir. >> hi, david balducci. thank you for your presentation. i would like to ask about the legislation. i wonder if you can get into it deeper and maybe focus on how the local government owned virginia forts will be incorporated into that

. >> um -- >> lincoln? >> lincoln? i don't know. >> you got it. >> embarrassingly enough i haven't heard that one. >> never heard of that? >> no, rub it in. >> who did lincoln free? >> oh, the slaves? >> are you sure? >> not sure. >> come on, man. >> ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country. >> thank you, anyway. >> okay. >> i think i hear my mother calling me. >> ask not what your country can do for you but -- >> what you can do for your country? >> very good. >> you can do for your country. >> very good. who said that? >> john f. kennedy. >> excellent job. >> kennedy? >> you got it. >> ask not what your country can do for you but -- >> what your country can do for you. >> no, that's what i said. >> ask not what your country can do for you but -- >> what you can do for your country? i didn't come up with that one. >> and who said that? >> bill clinton. no, jfk. >> do you know something, he's right. >> you're watching "the o'reilly factor" on fox news channel. >> he was actually ver

lincoln is committed to the party.he will say, you know, if it'd been me i would've preferred that the washington d.c. emancipation that maybe would've been more radical. but this is the way it's being done and i am going to sign this bill. and you see the other way. radicals will say have you been up to me they would've been no compensation in this bill, but this is what the party wants and this is what we're all going to vote for. they are going to maintain the unity on that, and they do. lincoln is important because he's very effective war leader and the very effective holding enough democrats in the war coalition, and he does certain things. i don't think we fully appreciate, for example, it's lincoln starting in july 1863 who begins to pressure those states to get slavery abolished. and he starts writing a series of letters to the governors of kentucky and tennessee and louisiana same at this done, get this done, get this done. he does not divorce him because he doesn't think congress can say you must slavery. so

yes, lincoln was nearly shot. early realized he could not breach the defenses because wright and his troops had come in, and of course this episode slightly scathes, or does nothing much for lincoln's reelection chances that summer. he probably had in his mind those days the wade davis bill more than anything else. the fate of his secretary of state's one son who was captured. and the political chances of reelection, remember the blind memorandum in the deadly summer of near defeat, largely because of early before washington. the president gets his cabinet to sign on the back of a memorandum saying he promises everybody will abide by the succession that will come when he thinks he is not going to get reelected. military incompetence on the northern side. the north is taken aback. there are notions that may be lincoln set this up for some reason. gee, that sounds familiar. [laughter] conspiracy theory. a scathing criticism of a war entirely. sherman is going nowhere. the navy is going nowhere. only the confederate

>> abraham lincoln.ham lincoln? >> he's a founding father. he was the first president. >> nobody is going to believe me. >> watters world ahead. well, did you know words really can hurt you? what...? jesse don't go! jesse...no! i'm sorry daisy, but i'm a loner. and a loner gotta be alone. heee yawww! geico. fifteen minutes could save you fifteen percent or more. jesse? that's why i always choose the fastest intern.r slow. the fastest printer. the fastest lunch. turkey club. the fastest pencil sharpener. the fastest elevator. the fastest speed dial. the fastest office plant. so why wouldn't i choose the fastest wifi? i would. switch to comcast business internet and get the fastest wifi included. comcast business. built for business. >>> watters world tonight on july 4th, we honor our country and think what a great achievement it was. some of us know or care little about that achievement. we sent jesse watters out on fourth of july to put things into perspective. ♪ >> you guys know why you are off on july

abraham lincoln, he sees what is going on. --also wants if you think lincoln was not a politician, you might be too idealistic. he comes out on july 11. second day he comes up to the wright, theratio commander who has brought his president iays, mr. am happy to see you. would you like to see a battle? realizes than that, he good heavens, the president goes up on the ramparts and is shot. who becomes vice president? never heard of hannibal hamlin. what happens to the nation and the city? all kinds of things can happen. abe nearly gets shot. where the boulder is, the great what-ifs of history based on the records and legend and myth and storytelling, like i am telling stories today. history never repeats itself. historians repeat each other. [laughter] in any case, lincoln is almost shot. a surgeon is cut down nearby. again a missed opportunity for the confederacy. nearly shot.was early realized he could not reach the defenses because w right and his troops had come in and of course this episode , or does nothing much for lincol

>> abraham lincoln.m lincoln? >> he's a founding father. he was the first president. he was the first president. that's goohhh.o go right in your glove. see that? great job. ok, now let's get ready for the ball... here it comes... there you go... good catch. perfect! alright now for the best part. let's see your pour. ohhh...let's get those into the bowl. these are way too good to waste right? oh yeah. let's go for it... around the bowl. share what you love with who you love. kellogg's frosted flakes® they're g-r-r-reat!tm good catch dad. that's why i always choose the fastest intern.r slow. the fastest printer. the fastest lunch. turkey club. the fastest pencil sharpener. the fastest elevator. the fastest speed dial. the fastest office plant. so why wouldn't i choose the fastest wifi? i would. switch to comcast business internet and get the fastest wifi included. comcast business. built for business. >>> watters world tonight on july 4th, we honor our country and think what a great achievement it was. s

>> abraham lincoln.nding father. he was the first president. he was the first president. dsl myth #1. it can help your business save money. he was the first president. false. the truth is when you compare our fastest internet to the fastest dsl from the phone company, comcast business gives you more for your money. why pay more for less? call today for a low price on speeds up to 150mbps. and find out more about our two-year price guarantee. comcast business. built for business. >>> watters world tonight on july 4th, we honor our country and think what a great achievement it was. some of us know or care little about that achievement. we sent jesse watters out on fourth of july to put things into perspective. ♪ >> you guys know why you are off on july 4th. >> independence day. >> i'm a teacher so we have it off. >> what are we celebrating? >> independence, not being at work. >> freedom, i like that. >> talk about freedom. >> what year did we sign the declaration of independence. >> i don't know this stuff

--untry makes about going t we are not partisan like we were in lincoln stein. -- lincoln's time. >> one of the most frustrating things will be when you can get the response back from the white house on the story. i will have five or six sources highly placed but not in the administration who are explaining to me, here is what is going on but i need the white house's in put. increasingly the obama white house has become so brittle and so controlling of the message that people are afraid to respond to me. sometimes the most i can get back is a boilerplate one paragraph. oft does not tell their side the story are how they came to decide on this policy. i end up cutting frustrated because i realized by their choice, i've only told one side of the story. now, i just wanted to say when war started i was a middle east correspondent based in israel. so i did not get to see the in up in washington, d.c. decision-making process. you could see from the way the inspectors were getting turned away from the sites they were trying to visit, the nuclear inspectors. and the tension in the iraqi gove

he is not as available to us as lincoln once. -- was. he wrote a great deal more than lincoln did.e have to pick and choose. i was attracted to john quincy adams because he created a huge body of literary work. his diary and other things that he wrote. and, at the same time, his literary work was inseparable from his public life and the country that he loved. >> what about the way that you work? your approach is to spend six or seven years. you start from scratch. what you do as a biographer to keep track of everything? >> of the 5-7 years that i worked on a biography, the first 2-4 years are reading. i immersed myself in the primary works and the words of the subject. then, i do the background. had why keep track -- how do i keep track? the computer. i start with -- when i get into the writing process -- notes that i take onto the computer as i read. i say, remember this passage. this will be useful. it is helpful to have a conceptual sense of what the overall structure and the basic theme or themes of the biography will be. because i'm so interested in language and the genius of

but the lincoln administration -- sometimes without lincoln's real approval, sort of commanders in the field taking action aggressively against reporters in a way that suggests they had a much lower threshold for allowing reporters to make decisions about the balance, the trade-off between national security and accountability. back then they had a concept called seditious liable. -- libel, which we have abandoned. the idea was if you reported false information and hurt the operation of the government, you could be imprisoned for it. that was a tradition that dates back to british law and had evolved in the american system. it's finally abandoned here in the 1950's during the mccarthy era. but in that era, it was totally illegal to suppress criticism of the government. you know how subjective that could be. that was what they did. >> let me press this issue of civil liberties and freedom of the press. we have question from one of our viewers. jimmy sharp asked about this question of leaks in the recent presidential administrations and compromising security. thom mentioned wikileaks -- t

abraham lincoln was elected the president of the united states. there were threats to assassinate the president elect before he took office. luckily for the u.s., timothy pinkertond other operatives foiled the plot. his service to the country did not start -- stop there. the southern states seceded. did not hesitate to defend his country, but he was not an enemy on a bloody battlefield. skill his skill use -- set to use as a spy. he gathered important hisrmation leading to -- work behind enemy lines included trips to confederate camps in richmond. he even acted as a courier for the confederate army and took a correspondence form -- from a general to a kernel -- colonel. the secessionists saw him as one of them. his family immigrated to the was young.e he was raised in new jersey. the couple had four children. families -- family was important to webster. ,rofessionally, timothy webster who a police officer called the bravest, coolest man that ever lived, worked as a private detective insert is adapted -- and served his adopted country. it is becaus

otherwise, show lincoln. and it's not until that lincoln ascertains that grant has no political ambition, that he get, behind the lieutenant general bill. before that, that had been believ stalled ine congress. g why did it take so long?liticall i believe all these generals arn politically networked. william t. sherman hated fa politicians, thright? but his foster father/father-in-law, you want to talk about sex and family relationship, let's talk about the shermans for a while. his fathers, foster fathers, political adviser. his brothers have been -- his other brother john is a senator from ohio. they're all pretty well connected. besides that, grant and sherman had no political connections. the real question was, why did it take so long?presid grant didn't want to be en president at that time, that's going to change.g, you have to understand, until vehicles burg grant's record is pretty mixed? he wins here, stuck outside of vicksburg here, then he wins at vicksburg, that's job security at vicksburg. then he

otherwise, show lincoln. and it's not until that lincoln ascertains that grant has no political ambition, that he get, behind the lieutenant general bill. before that, that had been believ stalled ine congress. g why did it take so long?liticall i believe all these generals arn politically networked. william t. sherman hated fa politicians, thright? but his foster father/father-in-law, you want to talk about sex and family relationship, let's talk about the shermans for a while. his fathers, foster fathers, political adviser. his brothers have been -- his other brother john is a senator from ohio. they're all pretty well connected. besides that, grant and sherman had no political connections. the real question was, why did it take so long?presid grant didn't want to be en president at that time, that's going to change.g, you have to understand, until vehicles burg grant's record is pretty mixed? he wins here, stuck outside of vicksburg here, then he wins at vicksburg, that's job security at vicksburg. then he

he is not as available as lincoln was. also, he wrote a great deal more so we have to pick and choose. but of course, i was attracted to john quincy adams because he too created a huge body of literary work, his diary and other things he wrote. and that the same time, his was inseparable from a public life and vision of the country he loved. work?t about the way you when you start from scratch, what do you do as a biographer? how do you keep track of everything? 67 years that or i work on a biography, the first 2, 3 years are reading. i immerse itself in the primary then i read the background. how do i keep track of all of this? and thesed computer folders and files. basically i start with when i get into the writing process, the notes right onto the computer as i read. remember this passage. it will be useful. from very helpful to me the start. i have a conceptual sense of what the overall structure and theme of the biography will be. inause i am so interested language and the genius of and the success of the culture, pol

lincoln hill steps is at the end of california lincoln street one of the entries so what lincoln park it economists of about 37 steps and about thirty feet weeds the community group has over the years proposed improving the steps and remaining wall into the park. and a number of years ago they actually had approved a implement to the first phase what was adding tiles to the retaining walls on top of the stairs this is basically phase two they're proposing to install the tiles along the vertical steps creating an industry intri into the park they've noted because of the improvements the graffiti in the area has diminished and the usage increased i'm here to ask for approval of the conceptual design it's the same scope of work expect for the color of the tiles and maybe the shaping of the tiles has changed insignificantly. prior to that we had received our approval for the shape of the tile and the donation and the sizes and the donation for each of the tiles >> any public comment on that item? seeing none, public comment is closed. >> taken a motion and all in favor, say i. so moved. t

and so as lincoln would put it the war came. we have learned very little from that in our time. in fact what we have been doing since in fact even during much of the cold war with the exception of the time of ronald reagan has been to redouble our commitments while reducing our forces. you may have noticed that there is some trouble in ukraine tod today. well, that follows from the fact that ukraine is disarmed. why is ukraine disarmed? because united states government under both democratic and republican administrations prevailed upon ukraine to give up the world's third-largest stock of nuclear weapons. how? was ukraine revealed upon to do that? by a guarantee from the united states. united states. well it wasn't exactly firmly worded but determined by everyone as a guarantee of ukraine's independence and territorial integrity by the united states of america. now of course the united states of america watches as ukraine is being gently torn apart by vladimir putin and i emphasize gently because vladimir putin has not actually invaded it openly but parts of it but rather is gra

secretary of war stanton and abraham lincoln. this is his first public funeral since the death of his son in 1862. stanton had lost an infant son recently. presencelt lincoln's at this funeral was a heartfelt gesture from one parent to another about the grief of losing a child. lincoln was busy and could have begged off of this opportunity to come. this money was conducted by a catholic preach and the -- catholic priest and methodist-episcopal minister. wereeterans reserve corps there being bouncers and clearing the stage for the big terry's and families. setting of the procession, they run out of hearses and use ambulances with asides roll up the mesh besides rolled up to carry the coffins. they start on time. they had out of the arsenal north through the island community. pastplan this pasth to go the houses were most of the women lived. it was a visible route but not the shortest to get to congressional cemetery. they intentionally passed the house is where the women came from, but also passed a house of superintendent brown.

and he says quite pointedly to president lincoln, "are we soldiers or are we laborers?" as so many others would argue in the years thereafter, arguing for equal pay for equal work. then he goes on to remind president lincoln that -- as soon as the north had opened its armies up to enlistment by african-americans, the south had tried to inhibit that by saying that any african-american soldiers who were caught would be killed outright. summarily executed and lincoln said, if you do that, you must read all of our soldiers equally, black-and-white. gooding in his letter goes on to say, if you tell the south they had to treat all soldiers black and white the same, then why aren't you paying all soldiers the same? wonderful, extraordinary letter. indeed, when the union army refused to pay the african-american soldiers the $13 a month they had promised, all of the 54th, both the officers and the soldiers, refused to accept any pay until they receives the amount they were due. it lasted 18 months before the. problem was resolved we have here along this wall two depictions of the

it's defeat of abraham lincoln. in fact, it is the defeat of abraham lincoln that is the confederacy's last best hope for southern independence. before we dive into the details of this argument, we need to do a little his triography. when the word his triography comes out of my mouth, it's like ether. i'll make this succinct and to the point. it falls in line with many historians who critique lee for his excessive attacking. and that that attacking, or the commitment to the offense, that it ultimately brought upon confederate defeat. this idea that many scholars maintain today, has its origins in the work of many of these peers. including edward porter alexander, the artilleryist, in the first corps. he described lee as audacity personified. james long street, alexander's superior, after the war said it was lee's up and at 'em courage that would not let him rest. these two examples, and there are many others, they infuse the writing of early scholarship on lee. i'll give you one example. george bruce in 1913, conclu

i don't remember the name of the psychologists, but it was presented to president lincoln.like i said, i don't remember the names. if it did state specifically that the natural state in a rational society, especially an educated society like america and i think we are at a higher state of education around the world now, that the natural state of the species is actually to protect, to love your offspring and to protect it. i guess maybe that is an impulse that is more common to have been and that the natural state that you are promoting or justifying is based in the fact that there just hasn't been enough women in positions of power, specifically because they were very ignorant. they were raising their children. they were poor. they render the control of men who do have a more natural propensity to fight and control, to until it's in their pleasures. my take on why we are still in this horrible state all over the world and you brought up ukraine by the way, where i lived especially in this almost uncanny that the chagall. the reason there's so much conflict in ukraine is pro

david: but, lincoln, look at these up in members. we got netflix, if we can switch to chipolte because chipolte is now up 8% after-hours based on real significant earnings. it is not just pie-in-the-sky. this isn't talking about future forecasts. this is based on what the consumer is doing now, lincoln. >> i have had today, think about, this is where murray may actually be right. if you look at all the sectors of s&p 500, consumer discretionary worst-performing, barely in the green for the year. these two stocks in particular very low price points. not so sensitive to wage gains or wage losses or job gains or job losses. these stocks moving higher, discretionary piece of the puzzle flat-lined this year portends something different. all defensive names except technology up 8% this year have been winners. it is yield and about cash flow an defense. we haven't seen anything that would suggest large-scale, consumptive growth off back of wage gains or job gains. so that growth is really tied to gdp. and some sort of significant paws or so

it was only when president abraham lincoln signed the emancipation proclamation in january, 1863, thathey could join the union army. it was at that moment that governor andrew of massachusetts leapt into action to form the 54th massachusetts regiment. he had been thinking about forming a regiment for quite some time. massachusetts and general and boston was a hotbed of abolitionist sentiment. and he had very much wanted to pull together a true -- a troop or regiment of african-american soldiers. so he looked to many of the most prominent abolitionists in the massachusetts area and boston specifically to form what was c alled a black committee which consisted of not only noted african-american abolitionists such as frederick douglass, but also white abolitionists, such as wendell phillips or george luther stern. they formed the black committee and started to rally support around the idea of forming a regiment of african-americans. they got together a group of recruiters, and a long this wall here, we have pictures of many of the men and women who spread out across the north seeking join

it is one of the most controversial aspects of lincoln's legacies.t remains one of the most controversial subjects. my name is matthew pinsker and i am the instructor of the understanding lincoln course. theuld like to introduced panelists and turn it over to our monitor and let him ask a series of questions in an informal discussion about these topics. our moderator to our firm left is a former u.s. army colonel and served in operation desert storm. u.s. army warhe college. he got his phdm

and abraham lincoln.nd here we are [ applause ] it's an honor to be here with you with senator reid, senator mcconnell and also with senator levin, our dear colleague, jon lewis, the chair of our congressional black caucus. marcia fudge and with our democratic assistant leader mr. clyburn. awfully honored that he is here as well. i want to join my colleagues in thanking the king family for sharing your mother and father with us. we are deeply in your debt. as senator levin said, this is the congressional gold medal and certainly not enough thanks but as a token of our appreciation to martin, to dexter, to bernice and to dr. king's sister christine king ferris. thank you for being with us today. this day, of course, would not be possibly without your parents and certainly would not be possible at all without president lyndon johnson, so thank you, lynn do d.inda johns and senator robb. clab cl [ applause ] again, as we gathered n the rotunda under the gaze of president lincoln we recall the gettysburg addr

lincoln, rise to greatness. i deputy whip put together a group of about 15 others a couple of weeks ago. they gave us all the books. but i was just -- lincoln has always been a compelling figure in politics. is the greatest president at the most critical time in the country's history. and i love the way his political skills have so much to do with holding the country together and holding the party together. you know, i think there is a lovely old of less, this is the republican majority in the 1860's. there had never been one before. a new president that had never function that way, not a single person had been part of a republican majority. how do you act and how you relate the appropriate balance between presidential power, legislative oversight and critical situations. and then just the sheer political skill and cunning, you know, and manipulating various factions. anyway, again, wonderful discussion about that. and then there is to other biographies i promised myself i would read the heat one is william make

lincoln. the barbarism of centrica is commented in the assassination of captain soule,' this was a statement that foreshadowed some abolitionists decision to gravitate toward the indian reform movement in the years after the passage of the 13th amendment. three federal investigations eventually determined that sand creek had been a bad act and one of them call that a massacre. and othersgton refused to accept those findings. because sand creek are presented and unsettled chapter in the region's history, the fight over its memory continued for years after. hunt79, author helen jackson embraced the cause of unity death -- of indian reform. letters to newspapers around the united states, she drew on silas soule's recollections of sand creek and use the massacre as a cudgel. creek hads at sand been peaceful and guarantee protection by federal authorities andshivington's troops had desecrated the dead. her charges rankled william byers, the editor of the rocky mountain news in 18 624. he had dismis

lincoln's schedule was busy. the ceremony was conducted by a catholic priest. the veterans reserve core were there being bounces and clearing the stage for the dignitaries and the family. in setting up the procession, they run out of hearses. they head out the arsenal nap and they plan -- and they plan this path to go past the houses that most of the women workers lived in. this is a visible route. while they passed many of the houses that the women came from, they also passed the house of superintendent thomas brown. the procession goes up pennsylvania around the capitol and eventually comes here to congressional cemetery. at the cemetery, we have two graves, the coffins of the known and unknown. after the cemetery is over, the mourners head home and try to go pick up the pieces of their shattered lives. there's a lot of effects of this explosion. so monday, the mother of elin roach died. people at this time said it was of a broken heart. on july 4th, pinky scott the wouldn't who pulled herself out, she died of her wounds. there are two children who are orphan

it deals with brigham young and aberaham lincoln. >> you know that abraham lincoln was the first onehe civil war was fought in virginia and south carolina, but it was fought all over the country in every venue. he couldn't take troops and move them to the west. brigham young controlled the railroad and telegraph lines. if he cuts those in utah, lincoln loses the west. brigham young wanted the 1862 polygamy act not open forced so they made a deal. i won't enforce the act, you don't cut the lines. >> you were saying apart from the novel here, you were saying the emergence of lincoln is a 20th century phenomenon? >> very much so. after he died no one wanted to hear the word lincoln. it was not that strong then. it was not that prevalent. the radical republicans in the congress took over. everything kind of went the opposite. everything that happened after lincoln died probably never would have happened if he lived. it would have been a whole different recovery from the war. it was a 20th century phenomenon that began to catch on with lincoln and now he's into the realm of myth. but ther

lincoln ellis is in the cme. we like to start with our friend at the cme because they have more attitudes than anybody in the world. they know how to defend their own. lincoln, investors may be optimistic but they're still buying defensive kind of stocks, are they not overall? >> look i think anybody who has a child say under 10 seen "the lego movie." the monday theme was everything is awesome. investors know that things are not that awesome. industrial production numbers out of europe, trade numbers out of asia, emerging economies, all suggest there is a little bit of turbulence on the horizon of the investors have been allocating that way all year. industrials, energy, all the dividend-playing names have outperform and outperformed significantly more of the growth names, even technology and most importantly the consumer discretionary numbers that are just barely green for the year. it seems nice outside as with chicago weather, if you wait 15 minutes things could change. liz: jim, let's get to the weather in yo