lincoln was a poll watcher. there are poll books in that exist in his handwriting where he not only carefully checked people in and off the voter rolls but also memorized so much of the data that for example on one of those excursions to meet anded or, in this case, his private secretary, he didn't want to waste any time with him he knew the voting data and how it had changed between 1852 with and 1856 in stood card's district better than stood card did. he knew that stuff cold. that said, the idea that dead people are voting, noncitizens are voting, has been awash in the land for generations, for 150 years. lincoln worried about irishmen voting twice or voting without citizenship or residency. douglas worried about germans. there is really no evidence that there was any widespread fraud, any systemic fraud, just as today these accounts are apocryphal and am proven. it was a good thing to rouse your troops, for all the wrong reasons. i don't know the answer for voting rights for enrollees, particularly the wound

lincoln honor. .... into their campaign themes and the administration's radical islamism and its tyrannical assault on civil liberties and generally demoralizing influence. none was more challenging than the military slaughter. the chicago times never slowed to manufacture a story that the campaign in virginia had a conclave the bottle went fully around and the anecdote and the smutty joke followed itself in quick succession. he has the little jokes and stories and became a democrat campaign staple. nothing gave greater power than when visiting the antietam battlefield in october 1862 lincoln had shadowed by asking about a comic song while touring the field. according to the new york world of the incidents took place after the fight with bodies left one in their graves accompanied by george mcclellan and another officer lincoln drove over where they were burying the dead and the bodies were piled high and lincoln was slipping him upon the knee telling him give us that song. he never heard it and with a s

the answer is abraham lincoln. this is not because lincoln is the famous abraham lincoln. this is because abraham lincoln is a prominent former whig lawyer who has joined the 1856, and party as of because no other republican is interested in breaking their teeth trying to challenge stephen a douglas. case of, weuch a know we will not win this election, let's nominate lincoln. nobody else wants to lose in the republican ranks. lincoln understood the odds were long but lincoln had had a long career of controversy in opposition with douglas. the state republican convention convenes in springfield, illinois, in mid-june of 1858. they endorse lincoln for the united states senate. they can only endorse him because before 1912, senators are selected by the state legislatures. strictly speaking, no one is nominating lincoln for the senate anymore than anyone is nominating link -- douglas for the senate. since it is the state legislature, which is also up for election, everyone knows a vote cast for a republican member is the equivalent of a vote cast for lincoln. every vote cast f

lincoln refused. when he ran for president, lincoln opposed any change in the naturalization laws or any state legislature by which the rights of citizenship that had been previously according to immigrants from foreign lands would be abridged or impaired in any way, shape, or form. he advocated that a full and efficient protection of the rights of all classes of citizens, whether native or naturalized, both at home and abroad, b guerin teed -- be guaranteed. the germans marched with him right into the white house. while his question today whether german support was as responsible for his agents election -- his 1860 election as previously believed, they were effusive in their praise of him. lincoln enjoyed the germans and their culture. while visiting cincinnati, the president-elect was in his hotel room one night when outside, a group of german workingman into -- serenading him. he entertained those germans with genial and lively conversation. lincoln went to the balcony to find nearly 2000 more of t

immigration, lincoln absolutely. whereed in an era immigration was his controversial as it is today. between 1840 and 1860, more than a half million people came from the german states, scandinavian countries and ireland. many more went back and forth across the border from mexico. from an early age lincoln develop an awareness for different peoples and their cultures while no doubt a product of his time. begins to let himself be blinded by adversity. he retained an affinity for immigrants, especially the germans, irish, the jews, and scandinavians. immigrants and their plight were never far from his plans. his travels down the mississippi river exposed him to the sites world that hea could only dream about. establishedntly he the sympathy for the rest of his to the foreignme born and the enslaved. it must have been an odd sight boy sailingtall down the river looking wide-eyed and in all of everything he saw. he is free of the applications to his father in the farm, a he went down on a flat boat with his stepbrother,

that is where lincoln grows up. alas, that is also where lincoln's mother dies. lincoln's father goes back to kentucky, remarries, and lincoln now has a stepmother, sarah bush johnston. and what is almost an inversion of the old hansel and gretel story of the wicked stepmother is actually something of the reverse for abraham lincoln, because sarah bush johnston really becomes his mother fully as much as a mother could be. she and her stepson abraham, they were copacetic, something that cannot be said about lincoln's relationship with his father, thomas. with the relationship being a good deal more tense. lincoln would once described his father as a man who could bunglingly sign his own name. they are two different quantities very so different that when thomas lincoln once again picks up the family and moves westward across the wabash river to illinois, at that point young abraham, having turned 21, decides he is going to strike out on his own. and the home that he strikes out upon has very little in common with thomas lincoln. he was content being a farmer, a jac

that is how lincoln sees it. there is a tension there because lincoln, who is personally anti-slavery, and lincoln who is a constitutionalist, has to deal with the fact that the text of the constitution seems to uphold at least the rights of slaveholders to reclaim fugitive's. there is the fugitive slave clause. lincoln does not know -- it is not quite know what to do with this. president sworn in as in 1861, he seems to acknowledge two of those three rights that have been claimed by southern slaveholders. his knowledge is he will not interfere with slavery in the south, he had said that over and over again. and he says he's going to uphold the fugitive slave law. he boils down the sectional issue to this third sort of right month the issue of whether southerners can take slaves into the west. on that point, lincoln is adamant that he does not believe in the spread of slavery, and in making that argument, he believes he is carrying out the wishes of the founders. then, as a result list and a constitutionalist who

i'm missing 22 exhibits and not knowing-to me you've got a ticket lincoln, lincoln, lincoln, lincolnnd the basically saying work in a form xyz. maybe a california corporation may be a delaware corporation birds can be brand-new and then we are going to stand behind it to a certain limited extent via our performance guarantee so this whole idea of who's want to be there and what they're going to be doing this kind of up in the air. >> no. good you are understanding correctly that it is a single-purpose entity and that it's bad acts are guaranteed by a creditworthy parents up to cap of the amount they've actually get paid under the contract. >> okay. as long as we know that >> there are even is there not a tenant and they're not assuming all the liability. a tenant would as a master tenant. they are a manager of the property. >> yes. so this whole thing what they're doing and everything, [inaudible] if lincoln is can be a guarantor or performance, i don't care if they set up a single-purpose entity that they want to avoid getting into massive court suits and that's all good. but to not

i'm missing 22 exhibits and not knowing-to me you've got a ticket lincoln, lincoln, lincoln, lincolnnd the basically saying work in a form xyz. maybe a california corporation may be a delaware corporation birds can be brand-new and then we are going to stand behind it to a certain limited extent via our performance guarantee so this whole idea of who's want to be there and what they're going to be doing this kind of up in the air. >> no. good you are understanding correctly that it is a single-purpose entity and that it's bad acts are guaranteed by a creditworthy parents up to cap of the amount they've actually get paid under the contract. >> okay. as long as we know that >> there are even is there not a tenant and they're not assuming all the liability. a tenant would as a master tenant. they are a manager of the property. >> yes. so this whole thing what they're doing and everything, [inaudible] if lincoln is can be a guarantor or performance, i don't care if they set up a single-purpose entity that they want to avoid getting into massive court suits and that's all good. but to not

lincoln and the union of the war of governors." they talk about the 16th president's relationship with union governors and their role in the civil war. it is just over 50 minutes. bob willard: i am bob willard. i used to work for a texas congressman when he wanted to knowledge to help you got from others, he would use the old observation. if you ever see a turtle on the top of a fence post you know he , didn't get there by himself. the man we all revere would be the first to admit that his success was due to the contributions of many others. we know about his team of rivals. about the members of the federal legislature. sometimes helpful, sometimes less so. about the generals and the hundreds of thousands of troops, including those soldiers newly emancipated. now thanks to stephen engle and , his outstanding new book, "gathering dissemination," we come to know a new team of lincoln allies. we are likely familiar with names like gates, andrews and some others. but steve brings another analysis of the nearly five dozen individuals wh

lincoln understood this accountability. he began the struggle aiming only to bring the old union back together, and as the conflict war on, he marshaled forces opposite to jefferson davis, making the federal system work, rely on governors, encouraging their best efforts, and through them securing most of the support necessary from the state legislatures. unusual humility, study and purposeful, a quality that harriet beecher stowe once described as "peculiar." it is not aggressive so much as passive, she described, and it is not like the stone buttress, but the wire cable. it yields on the side and on that to popular needs, and yet tenaciously and inflexibly bound to carry its great in. -- it's great and. lincoln needed the governors and people believed the president needed them as well. there was no better example of this than in the weeks following the second bull run. when northern people called on the governors to exercise their ability to influence the president, whether he needed it or not to make war. he believed that

his awards include the abraham lincoln association's lincoln the lawyer award and the aura of lincoln, the highest honor bestowed by the state of illinois. frank also married well. [ laughter ] we are reminded, we are reminded that great men usually have extraordinary women at their sides who are doing their own thing. i and frank certainly is in that category. he will address the topic reconstruction after lincoln. [ applause ] >> thank you very much, edna, and you're absolutely right. i married a great lady. believe' be we've been married 50 years. [ applause ] and how anyone could put up with me for 50 years is deserving of great awards. [ laughter ] this paper could also be called "reconstruction, what went wrong." this is not a happy paper, and you're going to have to stay with me because of the pan rora of people, white and black, legalities, the cal any of our government, the lack of support for many americans, north and south. winning the, on the battlefield may be relatively easy, compared to winning the peace afterward. abraham lincoln was a political genius in keeping toget

and her own volume, "lincoln and emancipation," part of the presser lincoln series. so before i ask each of them to make a few introductory remarks, i have asked each and they have agreed to pe fspeak for three t five minutes and then i will give them some questions and then we will open the floor to you. we hope there are many questions from you. but for many americans, reconstruction is still remembered, if it is remembered at all, as a period of racial anarchy, political failure and the humiliation of the defeated south. indeed, it is probably fair to say that americans' impressions of the era have been shaped, if only half consciously, by films such as "birth of a nation" and "gone with the wind" where their charact caricatures of scalliwags and carpet baggers, more than by what happened in the south in 1865 and 1876 and the years that followed. it is an inspiring and shocking story that rereels the nation at its best and worst when newly freed slaves and idealists both black and white struggled heroically against white terrorism to preserve the rights that union

i think lincoln is overrated. the first thing, the civil war. 600,000 americans died in the civil war. if you took all the americans , from thekilled revolutionary war until today, it would not add up to 600,000. they call it a civil war. they say it was slavery. it wasn't slavery at the beginning. the reason it was secession was the north was slapping taxes on the south because the south started turning kotten overseas. the north with their industry wanted the produce of the south. they started slapping taxes on them and the south said you are not doing it to these other industries. they started secession. all, i would of encourage you to take a look at the ordinances of secession that were passed iv seating states. many of them are listing slavery why theys the reason are leaving the union. they talk about slavery as central to their economy and to their way of life. that theseagree other issues may have been there on the periphery. the real issue is about the expansion of slavery and the belief on the part of t

and he is the author of "lincoln and his admirals," which won the lincoln prize in 2009. in recognition of his extraordinary contributions to the study of naval history, the naval historical foundation in 2014 awarded him the w. knox naval history award for lifetime achievement. professor john marszalek is distinguished professor emeritus of mississippi state university. he came out of retirement in 2008 and accepted the task of serving as executive director of the ulysses s. grant presidential library and managing editor of the papers of ulysses s grant. he's author of "sherman's other war." his honors include an excellence in writing water from the u.s. army historical foundation for his work. the best writings of ulysses s. grant which was published in 2015. as testament to the high regard in which john is held, several of his students contributed to an edited volume titled "of times and race: essays inspired by john marszalek." in addition to the great scholarship of these two men, they are known for having married well. [ laughter ] something they shared with lincoln

abraham lincoln knew this. he identified completely with the founders and thought all americans should do so as well. present day academics sometimes mocked the close feelings that ordinary americans have for these as they said dead white men of 200 years ago, but it's not so easy to mock lincoln. half the american people had no direct blood connections to the founders of the nation. german, french, american and scandinavian citizens, and he was aware of these in 1858, they had either come from europe themselves, he said, or their ancestors had. they had settled in america finding themselves our equals in all things. although these immigrants may have had no actual connection in blood with the revolutionary generation, that would make them feel part of the rest of the nation, they had said lincoln that old declaration of independence with this expression of the moral principal of equality to draw upon. this moral principle which he said was applicable to all men in all times made all these different peoples one

lincoln had the gift of oratory. despite being self-taught, he was able to weed history and drama and poetry into his speeches. who can forget the gettysburg address? he was the number one presidential, inaugurated address. what about more modern presidents? the technology changed. i turned to another scholar who taught political science at princeton. they are still considered a dean of presidential studies. there are six categories that are pretty self explanatory. they must be able to communicate in public and we know now that means using technology and using media -- particularly electronic media. they must be well organized. they should have political skill to get elected. as we discussed at the mcconnell center, they must also be able to go from politicking in the campaign to politicking in government. perhaps even making a little less of the politicking and more government in governing. they need to have a clear policy. maybe even more important than lincoln. public policy is so important. cognitive style, that

allen guelzo teaches a class on abraham lincoln, his views on slavery, and the dred scott supreme court decision. he describes lincoln's upbringing and career path that led him to debates with stephen douglas during an 1858 u.s. senate race where one of the main topics with the issue of slavery in the united states. professor guelzo talks about how the dred scott case served to polarize political views on whether new states admitted to the union would allow slavery. his class is about 50 minutes. allen guelzo: welcome once again to civil war era studies 205, introduction to the american civil war era. we are now in our third week in this course, and my, what ground we have covered thus far. we have more to cover because we are coming up to the 1850's now. we are talking about the crises of the 1850's that really begin with the compromise of 1850 that

abraham lincoln's private secretary said? prof. leuchtenburg: well, he was an extraordinarily thoughtful man. a man who wrote a great number of books. an amazing number of letters in the course of his lifetime. he fascinated men and women of letters around the world. he was a great deal more than a pure act. he has an enormous impact on the institution of the presidency. i explain, at one point in the book, that in an earlier book, i wrote a blunt sentence. american presidency, as byknow it today, was created franklin delano roosevelt. i started out writing this history of the 20th century presidency with that conviction. but the more i read and learned about theodore roosevelt, the more i became convinced that that is where the modern presidency begins. that when one considers how the -- how weak the american presidency was in the late 19th century and how powerful and office it was when theodore roosevelt surrenders power, in order to shoot lions in africa, you get a sense of a major change of a sort that we had never seen in thi

away, lincoln is critiquing a problem. is that it cultivates indifference toward something that is a monstrous injustice. hate it because it deprives our republican example of influence in the world. ,he united states is a republic an island of republican practice in a sea of dictatorships. what kind of an example are we setting? if we tolerate slavery? or encourage its growth. what are we saying about the ,dea of republican government in which the people are sovereign? doesn't that suggest that republicanism is a fraud? how can you talk about the sovereignty of the people and ?ay, they can never participate announcer: watch the entire program tonight on lectures in history, american history tv. announcer: check out our classroom website. resources of teaching for classroom members. easyayout gives teachers access to the classroom resources including current is in videos. constitution clips bring the constitution to life, social studies lesson plans and other resources. the search function allows teachers to search and fil

with the emergence of massive urban disturbances, lincoln's position change. following a competition between imagery -- multiracial group of residents and ministers and workers tied up to carry an eviction -- lincoln complains quote, the question of what is right and wrong is no longer stable. theoln was incensed that ministers involved quote, openly defied the law and police. delicacy was a mirror of the adult population. ithout proper leadership -- was little wonder that these were becoming increasingly wayward. observing a deserving -- trend of protest that defines the law and exasperated, lincoln concluded quote, the no longer is any such thing as respectable poor people. perhaps the most telling incident in the evolution of his views the care -- occurred across the street from where he resided. official fromocal one of detroit's world property programs acquired a home from a local businessman and created a clubhouse for what was once quote, one of the toughest of the predatory gangs in detroit inner-city. arson saw the clubhouse as an opportunity to convi

lincoln -- harold is one of the leading authorities on the lincoln presidency. it is always first. moved into second place in the more recent polls. hardlying him there was an original contribution. it is the consensus of the his torical guild. is onetball question out.can't be separated the answer to why he is right so highly is because he was in office longer than any other president has been. it is highly likely that it will be longer than any ever will be because of the two-term rule. act was called a posthumous of vengeance against fdr. nobody in all of the annals of the presidency will ever have served as long as fdr did. , the spirit with which he carried the country through the great depression, the reforms of the new deal, sections of the social security 1935, his leadership in the war against taylor -- hitler and the successful resolution of that war and with the creation of the united nations. it is a powerful list of things that fdr did. that is only a few of them. harold: you stress two alliterative intangibles. you stress how much that impacted american anxieties in b

everybody knows who lincoln is.rm that just basically means "transitional zone." so in the book it refers to that zone that starts the minute you die and it goes to whatever happens next. >> seth: and this is -- you based this on a story you heard about when lincoln's son died, very young. lincoln visited him in the crypt twice in a night. >> yeah, that was in the newspapers at the time that he had been so heartbroken, that he went there several times to hold the body. >> seth: and so you decided -- this was years ago you heard the story. >> mm-hmm. >> seth: and you decided to write your first novel about this. >> yeah. >> seth: and there aren't a lot of characters really in that story, there's just one grieving father and a dead body. and so explain to us how you filled this out with characters. >> right. well, i mean in art, you know, one of the things that helps you is when you get a problem like that. like -- all right, so you've got lincoln in the graveyard at night. who is the narrator? it could be like lincol

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