at some point following his escort service to washington dc, president lincoln, pope would offer lincoln his services as an aid to the president but on june 14th of 1861, instead appointed brigadier general of volunteers with a date of rank to be effective to may 17th of that year and immediately ordered to the state of illinois to recruit volunteers for the burgeoning war effort. upon making his way out to illinois, he wouldn't linger long in the duty of recruitment. in the department of the west, under command of john fremont, pope assumed command of the district of north and central missouri in july, with operational control along the mississippi river thereof and this time, yet again, we see pope's desire for promotion and glory and enter a new phase, new trait raising its head in the coming years of this war, the utilization of politics to get what he desires. at this moment that pope, detesting fremont will utilize political connections behind fremont's back to get him removed from command. the ultimate goal, do away with fremont, he himself gets promoted to the boast. fremont is n

lincoln says no. again pope is reluctant from man so ambitious, why is he turning this down over and over and over again? but popes stuck with his new role and he will begin to deal with the army of virginia and getting it ready for the next campaign. part of dealing with the army of virginia is dealing with the consequences and follow from the most recent campaigns they've experienced against jackson. i am having a problem here with our slide advancer. well, we'll just keep looking at pictures of those three guys. [laughter] i've always admired stanton's facial hair so -- [laughter] as he gets the army of virginia together, what he realizes is the things he talked about our holding true, there army of virginia is in the lowest possible sense, their supply situation is disastrous, hardly any calvary to rely on, most of the calvary men have no forces so he sets upon the task of getting them ready as bestie can for a campaign and part of that is to issue these orders become so famous. the most of which

lincoln will arrive back to d.c. and on the following day, june 26th, they'll meet in private chambers in the war department. stanton will finally reveal there's been a fiasco in the shenandoah valley. and stanton concedes in this meeting that lincoln and himself, they're to blame for all that's developed and, you know, come across from this fallout of the most recent campaign in the shenandoah valley. stanton says, look, we made mistakes in the following ways. first all of, we placed political patrons in command of the armies. we shouldn't have done that. and we shouldn't have tried to regulate their movements from washington d.c. after they were defeated across keys in the port republic, they finally give in to what the secretary of treasury has been arguing for weeks. what he's been arguing is these two armies in the valley and irvin mcdowell's army need to be united under one commander. and following defeats across keys and port republic, lincoln and stanton give in . the genesis for stanton calling pope east. st

lincoln will arrive back to d.c. and on the following day on june 26th, there will be another meeting between pope and stanton. it will meet in private chambers in the war department. stanton will finally reveal to pope that there's been a fiasco in the valley between jackson and fremont. and stanton concedes in this meeting that lincoln and himself are to blame for all that is developed and come across from this fallout of this most recent campaign in the shen do away valley. stanton says we made mistakes in the following ways. we placed them in command of these armies. we shouldn't have done that. we also shouldn't have tried to regulate their movements from washington, d.c. after these commands were defeated, stanton and lincoln finally give in to what the treasury has been arguing about for weeks. and what they have been arguing, that these two armies in the valley and urban mcdowell's army need to be united commander. and the port republican, they give in. the genesis for lincoln's trip to west point and calling

lincoln and stanton give. in the genesis for lincoln's trip to west point. the genesis for stanton calling pope east. t, three. the fstanton reveals there is gg to be an objective is for this army. several, in fact. three. the first will be to protect washington. objective, to defend the shenandoah valley and objective three, disrupt the virginia central railroad in the neighborhoods of charlottesville and gordon ville. by accomplishing these objectives, particularly threatening that vital rebel rail link with the shenandoah valley, the administration, lincoln and stanton, hope that would compel the confederates around washington d.c. and opposite washington d.c., opposite richmond, around richmond and opposite mcclelland's army, that they would pull away from mclelland and it would ease mcclelland's way into the city of richmond. stanton tells pope at that moment he's been called these to carry out these objectives. and it's at this time in the conversation that stanton stops talking and they just look at each other. and there is this long, awkward silence.

he'll lash out at lincoln.ll stay my self-respect is startled at what i have done and i cannot go farther. mr. lincoln's treatment of me has been so shabby that i would feel almost humiliated today to receive an appointment from him. what an interesting fellow, to say the least. clambering to rise and get a promotion, the opportunity may be there, and, well, too humiliated to accept it. but just several days after he writes about this, pope's star begins to rise once again. he overcomes these setbacks. four days after he writes that note about lincoln, he's given a chance at an independent command, which if successful, almost guarantees a regular commission merited promotion. henry halleck will appoint pope to the command of the army of the mississippi on february 23rd, 1861. halleck would recall hope from his time with his wife in st. louis to give him the command, and he's willing to talk with his wife and assure her that she would be okay in his absence, so he went. pope would be given the command of 25,000

and abraham lincoln? southerners did make a lot of fun of lincoln for being a person who chopped wood. it did to the northern masses. i would say it's far more policy. in here i'll take the opportunity to address one of the questions about race. was lincoln hated because the criticism of them was racist? : : : so i think that connection between racism resettlement and policies takes us to the lincoln administration and reconstruction and gets redirected in the 20 century when it comes to people like johnson and nixon. >> i would say i'm going to offer a third option. jefferson not necessary policy that politics put himself forward as embodying his sword of small d democratic politics so he was needed in a sense for that combo. >> interesting. as is always the case there's so much more to say which is why we keep saying it. i want to thank our panelists for joining this roundtable. obviously we would much rather have done these things in person and we look forward to doing them again in person but it was a

lincoln. when one thinks of the most despised american president, one usually does think of lincoln. but presidents like johnson, lincoln is usually in contention for spot number one or two. luckily i read the description again before preparing my remarks today. # and i realized that i was supposed to talk about lincoln. arguably, one of the most beloved american presidents not just in the united states but around the globe. now, this of course was not the case when lincoln was elected president in 1860. he remains the only president in american history whose election caused nearly half of the states in the republic to secede and cause a bloody war that claimed nearly 100,000 american lives. abraham lincoln was not an abolitionist. that is a person who believed in the immediate abolition of black slavery before the war. and i should say before i continue that the slide that i'm showing right now is from south carolina that announces that the union has been dissolved. south carolina, of course,

the lincoln book, i was always looking forward lincoln recollections. you may not have noticed this but i did because i looked at so many. every lincoln's birthday starting about 1880, every regional local newspaper in february would run a sunday supplement that week about abraham lincoln. they would have no trouble getting stories about the greatness or whatever. they would always send it to the local veterans home and they would say all right, who has met abraham lincoln? they would all raise their hand. she would write down their stories, some were in kansas and montana, using wants to get rid of what i really liked, a new york soldier, a heavy regiment from artillery regiment that normally residency transport infantry for the most part in the civil war, he said he is a sentry at city.and one day on his way up, he stopped and had a couple of pleasant words. that was it, i think more profound than that but it was such a great moment doing my due diligence, i went to the civil war and i found him. the ninth new york heavy artillery and said great, one

everybody knows lincoln.. i didn't have any idea how they intertwined. >> not till the very end. you had the editor of the north star, frederic douglas who used to write for the liberator. he made waves with his speeches. douglas, lincoln douglas debates and he sees potential in him. dougly was ready to throw in the towel. he said i can't make heads or tales of this country. even though douglas born a slave, had every reason to hate it, he saw the potential. doesn't mean he didn't lose his patience. then you watch the emergence of this candidate. it's like in your family. you have such high hopes for friends and family. when they don't reach it, you're twice as angry. why did he reach out to the south and say keep your slaves. come back to the union. douglas says come on, you cannot live with four million people in slavery and 350,000 slave owners. but he had to take his time. lincoln knew he would have no country to govern. the union was not ready to fight for slavery only. >> neil: wasn't lincoln pragmatic?

later, it is signed by a lincoln and andrew johnson. we were just talking, how many times with those men in the same room together? may be three. this is a very interesting very interesting lincoln but what it tells us as it refers to let this man take the oath of december 8th, 1863, and to be discharged to. what is the law that lincoln is talking about and how does that affect these confederates at the end of the war? >> in december of 63 lincoln issued what became known as the 10% brand that would pardon any confederates below kernel to voluntarily surrender, put down his weapon. johnson when he comes into office is wondering to what extent lincoln's wartime program, wartime pardon policy is amnesty. there is a difference between amnesty and pardon. amnesty is a blanket that covers almost everyone can you stand up the oath, and your pardon, those were excluded under amnesty have to apply individually. their version of all of this is a pardon did imply protection from prosecution. you could not be prosecuted if you were issued a pardon

discharged, abe lincoln." in this case he signs december 31, 1864. and in this case, just more those who want to come and see it later, i'll put a link in the comments to where you can see this. it is signed by a. lincoln and andrew johnson. and carey and i were just talking how many times were those men in the same room together? maybe three? so it -- this is a very interesting -- a very interesting lincoln. but what it tells us is it refer to let this man take the oath of december 8, 1863 and be discharged. what is the law that lincoln is talking about there? and how does that affect these confederates at the end of the war? >> in december of '63 lincoln issued what became known as the 10% plan that would pardon any confederate below rank of colonel who voluntarily surrendered or put down his weapon and quit fighting the union. johnson when he comes into office, he's really wondering to what extent lincoln's war-time program, has wartime pardon policy is going to -- and amnesty. that was amnesty. there is a

it's really lincoln who created this. i think that point it's not in my book but it needs to be mentioned. >> do you want to say, give us one more learning from our book. >> under slavery this is the central issue that is obsessing is now we have to understand two things, more than two things they all thought that slavery was on its last leg, baby south carolina, georgia didn't think that but many virginians did is certainly the northerners did. in virginia they thought so too, washington had more slaves in tobacco is no longer because the exhaust the soil in week does not require great labor they're renting out their slaves, people like washington and north dakota and richmond and the idea of renting out the slaves that is one step porridge wage labor there is dozens and dozens of quotations, and 30 years, 40 years no slavery in america they could've been more wrong there was one of the many allusions we have a lot of allusions, we don't know what they are, some historian will tell us 200 years from now how could they th

and this is a very interesting lincoln.hat it tells us is that, if we prefer to let this man take the oath and be discharged, what is the law that lincoln is talking about there? and how does that affect competitors? >> so, in december of 1863, lincoln issued the december plan that would pardon and a confederate below the rank of carnal colonel who would quit fighting the union. johnson, when he comes into office, he is really wondering to what extent lincoln, his wartime program policy, is an amnesty. there is a difference between amnesty and pardon. amnesty is a blanket. a call most covers almost everyone. with a pardon, you are excluded under amnesty. and they have to apply under individually. the very short version of all of this is that a pardon did imply complete protection from prosecution. you could not be prosecuted if you were issued a pardon. the question is, had the parole's already served that function? or was there going to be a next step? when you have to follow through with a pardon? and this would become on

etching of a woman grieving over president lincoln's coffin president lincoln shot just six days after the civil war over slaves were eventually freed, and the fractured nation once again the united states of america. kerry sanders, nbc news. >> and that is history in motion >>> and that's "nightly news" for this tuesday i'm kristen welker thank you for watching stay safe and have a good night. any parent will tell you the second you have a kid, it's like your heart is living outside of your body, which means you never, ever stop worrying. that's why we got health insurance and for way less than we thought was possible. the kids' doctor and dental checkups are free and i get screenings for my cholesterol and my blood pressure and don't get me wrong, i still worry, just a little less. covered california. this way to health insurance. enroll by december 31st at coveredca.com >>> good tuesday evening, everyone. this is nbc bay area news tonight. i'm janelle wang. well, we've got freezing weather headed our way and a heartbreaking loss. the bay area and football fans worldwide are mourning

etching of a woman grieving over president lincoln's coffin president lincoln shot just six days after the civil war over slaves were eventually freed, and the fractured nation once again the united states of america. kerry sanders, nbc news. >> and that is history in motion >>> and that's "nightly news" for this tuesday i'm kristen welker thank you for watching stay safe and have a good night. ♪ ♪ ♪♪ i like the feel of your name on my lips ♪ ♪ and i like the sound of your sweet gentle kiss ♪ ♪ the way that your fingers run through my hair ♪ ♪ and how your scent lingers even when you're not there ♪ ♪ and i like the way your eyes ♪ but i love the way you love me ♪ ♪ strong and wild, slow and easy ♪ ♪ heart and soul, so completely ♪ ♪ i love the way you love me ♪ ♪ i like to imitate ol' jerry ♪ and i could list a million things i love to like about you, ♪ ♪ but they all come down to one reason i could never live without you ♪ ♪ but i love the way you love me ♪ ♪ i love the way you love me ♪♪ >> kelly: plea is welcome to "the kelly clarkson show"! give it up for my band y'all with that be

and in fact, every lying in state ceremony since abraham lincoln has use the lincoln catapult which remains in a position of the architect of the capitol, and refine partners across the street had a preservative handed the display it when reopens, is honestly and their exhibition hall until it is needed in which case the remove it and make sure that it is ready for further service to our country and supporting those who have paid tribute to and then they proceeded for the internment to audit the november the 11th of 1921, the casket on the case on and they take it over and they have the state funeral ceremony that reconstructed amphitheater which is been recently completed at this point, and it presided over by then president harding and the internment is made of just the other side of the theater here and is being created for tomb of the unknown soldier and you can see the just small snapshot of the thousands upon thousands of americans who came to pay tribute and again to this one person represented so many more. and the panels of which they could participate in public morning and

lincoln's reelection in 1864. so, it is easy for me to hold up farragut as an example of good leadership for my midshipmen, my students at the war college as well, commanders and captions mostly. thinking loyal for his faithfulness to his mentor, for his instinctive and unblinking loyalty to his country, and his quick thinking in a crisis. so, what about the sky? i wanted to talk about nimitz this morning partly because i think he fits the point i am trying to make about the application of history to the leadership, but also to be honest because i have just finished writing a wartime biography of chester nimitz, due out in the spring. great father's day present. nimitz at war. just about his years in command in the pacific. now, interestingly, nimitz is the son of immigrants as well, first generation american, in this case german immigrants who lived in the hill country of texas. the town where he was born, fedex bergh, was named for the german prince frederik, and still has a german flavor to it. if you had not b

if you decided to get abraham lincoln signature, this is one of the most common abraham lincoln signatures that exist, endorsements, most were cut off of a letter to the letter was thrown away and i did not do it by the way. [laughter] people did a long time ago when they were collecting it yet but it exists and they wrote more than any other time, that this man let him take the oath of december 8, 1863, and be discharged, and he signed it december 31st, 1864, and in this case, those of you, you can see this and that, area and it is signed by abe lincoln and andrew johnson and we were talking how many times these men in the war together like maybe three so this was very interesting, link it up but what it tells us is that refers to this man takes the oath on december 8, 86 e3 be discharged and what is the law in lincoln is talking about their in the confederates at the end of the war. >> so in particular atcc three, lincoln is known as the contingency plan that would pardon any confederates voluntarily surrenders and fighg union and johnson when he comesn into office, is wondering to what

and lincoln said the u. s. would work with its partners and its allies in the region to defend the rules based order. florence, all of those political visits you mentioned in addition to antony blank and now i guess this constitutes the u. s. have it to asia as they talk about, aside from political visits, are we seeing any concrete action on that? so the u. s. strategy is about term ensuring that the indoor pacific remains free and open. and it's going to do that. it says by strengthening deepening. it's ties militarily and also economically. so militarily, we've seen the u. s. conduct freedom of operation, freedom of navigation operations quite regularly in the south china sea, much to china's annoyance, and lincoln says the u. s. now wants to deepen or strengthen connections with existing treaty partners. i'm including japan and korea. now earlier this year we saw the u. s. reach a new cic trilateral security pipe with australia and the u. k, which will give us trailer access to nuclear pilots, submarines. n

he does everything he can to help lincoln. he helps them message the war so kentuckians don't just think it's for the purposes they deem legitimate. makes sure he gets his arms and maliciousness from kentucky and he goes up to the white house for the first thanksgiving and provides emotional support from lincoln. the french of flourishes during those four years. i think he played a crucial role and can keeping kentucky in the union. i think you cannot underestimate the importance of that friendship that was forged in the 1840s that helps lincoln 25, 24 years later to win this war. to me it shows the importance of the life you sustain either hot or cold and how it can play out over a long life. >> based on the research you have done, the terrific stories you tell, do you think that a successful president, in order to be successful a president needs to have a best friend? >> no. i don't think history shows that. al gore and george bush are an interesting example. george w. bush, many, many great friends. i talked to his chief of

and does everything he can to help lincoln. helps him message the war so it's not just fought for slavery, people think, but the purposes that it's legitimate. he goes up to the white house for the first thanksgiving and provides emotional support to lincoln, and the friendship just flourishes during those four years. and i think speed plays this crucial role in keeping kentucky in the union, probably the most pivotal role and i think you can't underestimate, you know, the importance of that friendship that was forged in the 1840s, late 1830s, that helps lincoln, you know, 24 years later to win this war. and it's just, to me, shows the importance of friends you make early in life, if you sustain, either hot or cold but keep in how it can play out over a long life. >> i want to go back to the comment that mcpiercen made about al gore, based on the research you've done and the terrific stories you tell individual presidents and their best friends, do you think that a successful president, in order to be successful, a president ne

and every lying in state ceremony since has used the lincoln catapult which remains in possession ofthat capitol and partners and preserve it and display it when this is a reopen us, is on display in their exhibition hall when needed in which case they remove it had to make sure that it is ready for further service to our country and supporting those who have paid tribute to. and the lying in state we may proceed for the internment on november 11, 1921, the casket by horseback and they have the state funeral ceremony and that reconstructed amphitheater which had been decently completed at this point and is presided over by harding in the internment is made on just the other side of the amphitheater here in newly created tomb of the unknown soldier and you can see this is just a small snapshot of the thousands upon thousands of americans who came to pay tribute and again this one person representing so many more, and the panels through which they could participate inn public it morning and memory pretty and congress involvement in the tomb of the unknown soldier and how we pay tribute

lincoln. and lincoln is desperate to hear something from somebody who was at the battle of gettysburg and here's my old friend, dan sickles. now, sickles is in great pain at that moment. i don't want to underestimate this. there's still some doubt over whether sickles is going to survive this wound. i don't think by july 5 sick les has a complected or coordinated attack going to against general meade's reputation or image at this point. sickles is probably thinking, you know, i wasn't getting any attention on the left flank so i moved to this great ground, abe, when you come to gettysburg, you're going to love it. as one of sickles' staff officers later wrote, sickles certainly got his side of the story into lincoln's head. and as any good meade scholar knows, this is now playing against george meade, seeds are supposedly being planted in the president's head against meade and meade's performance at gettysburg. i don't think sickles is the sole contributor of that. i think historians who have

he is an author and editor of 29 books earning him awards including the lincoln, the roosevelt and the dudley knox medal for lifetime achievement. his most recent books are world war ii at sea a global history, operation neptune and battle headway. let's give a warm welcome to a simon. >> thank you let me say i'm glad you introduced the staff and that's great but i'm so impressed was he and his team with the way they put on this wonderful symposium. so great to be back in sealed new friends in this venue and particular so i'm grateful for that. i'm also very impressed by the way with all the people that have stood at this podium before me and the way they have taken on questions not just of what happened but questions have how do we know what happened and the most important question of all and the one i often get org. for my students when i was teaching at the naval academy and that is this one, so what? i mean there's the stuff that happened but what does that mean and i really want to congratulate again the people who stood here at this podium before me over the last couple of days f

he does everything he can to help lincoln. he helps them message the war so kentuckians don't just think it's for the purposes they deem legitimate. makes sure he gets his arms and maliciousness from kentucky and he goes up to the white house for the first thanksgiving and provides emotional support from lincoln. the french of flourishes during those four years. i think he played a crucial role and can keeping kentucky in the union. i think you cannot underestimate the importance of that friendship that was forged in the 1840s that helps lincoln 25, 24 years later to win this war. to me it shows the importance of the life you sustain either hot or cold and how it can play out over a long life. >> based on the research you have done, the terrific stories you tell, do you think that a successful president, in order to be successful a president needs to have a best friend? >> no. i don't think history shows that. al gore and george bush are an interesting example. george w. bush, many, many great friends. i talked to his chief of

lincoln. highly dependent on commanding officers and that is all characteristic of what i would consider to be an emotional decision-maker. guys like this make quick decisions and afterwards they seemingly create what they think are rational decisions to justify their actions. anyone see where this is going? okay. and i think july 2nd, 1853, isn't a a lot of ways an example of this. so you can take the stereotypical notion that dan circles -- this guy is a 19th century mustache twirling politician who is going to advance to the peach orchard at gettysburg because he hates general mead and wants to destroy the army. that sort of thing. but i would argue that the decision-making is more complex than that. and quite frankly, more interesting and nuanced. so we will come back to that. but sickles then obviously goes into the war. and the ensuing scandal from the key murder and it has driven him out of congress. and there is a direct line between the philip barton key murder and the civil war. beca

bartholomew's church and put on a replica of the lincoln vault. october 22nd, the church was closed from three to about 5 pm as a funeral service was held with president lyndon johnson and john connally, the texas mayor, the new york city mayor robert wagner, robert kennedy, his mother rose, wife ethel. and of course the hoover family and other dignitaries attended this funeral. and the family group or mr. hoover's two sons. herbert jr. and allen and their wives margaret and margaret. and they're six grandchildren. the reverend terrence j. thinly, director of saint barr the bartholomew's, conducted the service. st. bartholomew's we opened the public. and there you see the director. i and the people lined up around the block, located at 51st and park avenue in new york city, waiting to view mr. hoover's flag covered casket. between the 21st and 22nd, some 22,000 people paid their respects at st. bartholomew's church. and the church was open from nine to three on the 22nd. and then three to five. and then nine. the next morning, october 22nd, the fa

both like to tell it later president lincoln new president lincoln basically seem to like or they said he likes sickles is fighting spirit and health basically enable sickles his rise within the army the potomac i don't know if lincoln likes sickles as much as lincoln needed democrats really any democrat to kind of promote the war effort, but you know sickles is kind of become as a result the poster boy for the dreaded political general the guy who is gonna elevate and rise through the ranks with really no no commensurate military training such that it gettysburg sickles as you all know is going to command the third core and be the highest non-ranking west point during the army, but prior to that i would say that he you know, he appeared it. to me he appeared to have the makings of a competent brigade commander and i think as he moved up. literally brigade in 1861 division and 62 and then finally core command in 1863, you know looks like kind of this this this progressive rise on paper in rank, but i think particularly in 62 or 63 you start to see him kind of missing more and more batt

racist was a biography of lincoln called "abraham lincoln, racist." i don't agree with it. the author was jerome betting. we got along very well. we argued with each other rather vigorously, but we're friends. and we respected each other as scholars. this is my point, is that these are different ways of seeing history, and teachers and students benefit from these conversations. >> in our culture wars, people can cherry-pick facts without nuance, and when you say abraham lincoln is a racist, the statues need to come down, you overlook the fact that before he died he came around to supporting black civil rights, and had he not been assassinated, maybe he would have been one better. >> i agree. these things are not simple, they are complicated, and it's important to stand for principles with different political valliances. the american history association took a stand against the school board when it was about to change the name of 44 schools, including abraham lincoln high school. we said, no. you don't have a process where you consulted historians. thi

a racist, was a biography of lincoln called, abraham lincoln, racist. i don't agree with it. the author was my friend, moran, and we were good friends in chicago. we got along quite well. we argued with each other vigorously. but, we are friends. we respected each other as scholars. this is my point. these are different ways of seeing history, and teachers, and students, benefit from these conversations. >> in our culture wars, people can cherry pick fact, without nuance, and when you say, abraham lincoln was a racist, his statues need to come down, you overlook the fact that before he died, he came around to supporting black suffrage, black civil rights, and had he not been assassinated, maybe, reconstruction wouldn't have gotten better. >> it is important to know, and again, this goes back to things are not simple, but complicated, and that is important to stand for principles, with different political violence is. the american historical situate issued a strong criticism of the san francisco school board, when it was about to change the name of 44 sc

former black union soldiers in 1866 and the other lincoln university outside of. the matter views but barnes defined at the president in the 1950s and at that time, it was julian from of the civil rights leader, his father was the president of lincoln university. i believe the first black president, talk black historically black colleges, outside of philadelphia founded by quakers and about 2000 students so they became friends. it was an eccentric brilliant mind, he created goes into children's eyes on the come out of the birth canal to stop he became a billionaire on speaking terms in a teacher i university and one of the things was he is collecting art, spending money while he was teaching lincoln university as he owned companies where he hired black people to work in the company and promote them to management and wages in terms of that. he always used money to treat black people as people so what happened was it collect his art collection and he started displaying his art collection in the suburbs of f you. the white elite came up in the art collection and they