my husband loved lincoln. i have all kinds of books, but it comes from a different perspective, but i like that. he uses primary sources, which is nice. i am not online anymore, but he uses -- he spent a lot of time in new york, researching. he always refers to primary resources. when he be interested in that? i thank you so much. bless your heart. guest: i appreciate the idea of going to primary sources. i would even say -- if we see a really brief quote that makes someone seem outrageous, it is always good to go for the full quote. what did they mean? host: let's talk about the archives and the most unusual or interesting thing that you found. guest: i received -- i researched all of my books. amazing research for topic after topic. a lot of the research this time, i had to do it online. it was during a pandemic. they have amazing online resources. you can look at the letters that lincoln wrote. one of the most fascinating things that i looked at. i looked at the library of congress and i was shown the origi

my husband loved lincoln. i have all kinds of books, but it comes from a different perspective, but i like that. he uses primary sources, which is nice. i am not online anymore, but he uses -- he spent a lot of time in new york, researching. he always refers to primary resources. when he be interested in that? i thank you so much. bless your heart. guest: i appreciate the idea of going to primary sources. i would even say -- if we see a really brief quote that makes someone seem outrageous, it is always good to go for the full quote. what did they mean? host: let's talk about the archives and the most unusual or interesting thing that you found. guest: i received -- i researched all of my books. amazing research for topic after topic. a lot of the research this time, i had to do it online. it was during a pandemic. they have amazing online resources. you can look at the letters that lincoln wrote. one of the most fascinating things that i looked at. i looked at the library of congress and i was shown the origi

abraham lincoln. because for so long he's been the one who has gotten the credit for emancipation, basically. and so we'll spend some time digging into lincoln's views on race and slavery towards the end of the class. and then finally, we'll look at why not in public opinion, because after all, lincoln and the congress, they were both responsible to the elektra in the united states. and so public opinion really mattered in terms of what they could do when and how. so that's what we've got to look forward to today for purposes of the exam. we've got our usual identification terms, so i encourage you to be on the lookout for these. during the course of the lecture. think about if you get the question on the exam, how you would identify these terms and then briefly explain their significance. so the first one is kind of a three in one. it's frank baker, shepard, mallory and james townsend and those three. we'll talk about them in a bit more detail. but just to give you a preview, they're three and slave

and this was lincoln's reply to him. people at the time did not know but we know now by august 2, 1862 lincoln had already decided he was going to release the preliminary emancipation proclamation. he actually made that decisionn in july 1862 several weeks before this. he brought thedo draft to his cabinet. he said i'm going to do this let me see the second confiscation act and told him to do something like that. so the feedback from the cabot was this is a fine decision but the timing is not rates. because aak week, the union aret a military weakness in the war this is july 1862 that having hs conversation. it's coming shortly after colin campaign the richmond the union is on his back foot. so the cabinet tells lincoln to do this but do it from a position of strength. because anytime you introduce transformative policy decision that youou know is going to be controversy oh, you know people are going to be behind you want to do and people of strength not weakness he knows he's going to do it is waiting for positive news

this was lincoln's replied to him. people at the time didn't know, but we know now that by august 22, 1862, lincoln had already decided that is going to release the preliminary ioemancipation proclamation, and he actually made that decision in july 1862 several weeks before this. he brought the draft to his cabinet. he said i'm going to do this. obviously the second confiscation act told him to do something like this. and so the feedback from the cabinet was that okay, this is a fine decision but the timing isn't right. because we the union militarily are at a weak point in the war. as of july 1862 when they're having this conversation, so what's coming shortly after mcclellan failed peninsular campaign, the seven days battles around richmond. the union is kind of its back foot so the captain tells lincoln do this but do it from a position of strength. because anytime you introduce transformative policy decisions that you know is going to be controversial, that you know people are not all going to be behind, you want t

lincoln and grant and because grant in 1863 emerges as i like to say he's lincoln's problem solver and he figures out vicksburg. there's a mess over at chattanooga he goes over there figures that out shows that he can can clean things up and get things done. and lee on lincoln finally has found the person who's going to get results. and i think a relationship that fascinates in 63 is lincoln in seward because you know, of course, lincoln has, that cabinet crisis in the end of 62 that could have led in seward's dismissal. lincoln plays it in the most excellent political which i think unshackle seward in some really effective ways for 63 who then basically he serves as full back and just you know runs forward as you making blocks and letting lincoln kind of do what lincoln needs to do by running a lot of political interference. so i think seward becomes much more effective. his relationship with lincoln becomes much sharper and, much more deeply seated in trust than. it had been up to that point. and sort of course, you know, does fantastic work all the way through. i want to start openi

lincoln to the white house. the november after he gives the gettysburg address and let me kind of since t microphones moving its way towards you anywaynd i think about river is sorof sealing the deal laid out in the emancipationroclamation that tim had mentioned. so we start 63 kind of with this victor tree that allows lincoln to finally start moving this vision forward. and in a very tactical btle field centric way, how impornt is that for setting up the rest the year? yeah, it's it's an unusual occurrence we start the year with a major battle going on. the last day of 1862 into th first two days of 186 so, you know, ting is everything with any event and with stones river you had defeat at fredericksburg, you know, a couple of weeks earlier and you had defeated chickasaw bayou. so the other two primary union armies have meant defeat. and here's maybe not a one, but it's a victory in tennessee. bragg retreats, and that's all you need. so, yeah, it's extremely important. lincoln would write, you know, to rosecran

lincoln is bereft. of course, it is the second senator lincoln's who has died. elizabeth keckley is very much a part of the lincoln white house. obviously, the civil war is happening at this time. mary lincoln always been highly emotional, volatile and president lincoln, of course, is very busy trying to deal with the civil war. and elizabeth becomes almost again that confidante that close with the lincolns, both president and mary lincoln, and with their sons. but at that ti, it's elizabeth kecky who consoles mary lincoln, and this is what binds them in their friendship that went on for not just the time that the lincos were in the white house, but beyond. elizabeth keckley is the one who prepares little boy for the funeral. she is the one in the room when president lincoln this is all president lincoln walks in and says goodbye to his dead son. six months prior to this, elizabeth's only son,eorge, who could pass as white, signed up to fight for the union in the civil war. it was premiums patient proclation. so legally he wasn't because he was a mixed race. he

lincoln would meet with people all the time. having a person to sit down to eat and we should celebrate teddy roosevelt for doing it. >> i think fdr was an exceptional presidents and i wanted to ask if there were any others that made the impact following the stock market crash. fdr was over the wpa works project and it employed a lot of musicians and artists that you don't even hear about today. are there any other presidents that have come close to that kind of a platform that he presented in the 1930s? >> is interesting about fdr and you go to government buildings and you can see these barrels that came from artists during the ppr. he did have an impact on the artistic life of this nation. can you raise awareness of classical music and so i think the presidents can impact i guess the higher forms of culture. it's not the main goal, obviously. >> today we have so many other avenues. with artists and musicians and they went around the country. >> that's correct. >> those at the library of congress. >> there was an article in the

one thing i love about this moment and to bring it all home, tad lincoln, youngest son of abraham lincolnfriended a turkey and the white house chef collects the bird and brings to the kitchen. tad lincoln grabs the bird and begs has father for a presidential pardon. he watched his dad pardon men who returned property to those in the confederacy, he saw the mercy of lincoln and begs and abraham lincoln writes first reprieve of execution, first turkey pardon in the white house and that tradition continues today. 1863, big year for the country, year lincoln signs emancipation proclamation, he pardons tad's turkey and fixes last thursday in november as thanksgiving national holiday. in the proclamation, i will read something you wrote. it tells what this holiday is supposed to be. he wrote, this is a moment to beg god in penitence for national perverseness to implore almighty hand and heal the wound of the nation and restore peace, harmon and he tranquillity. never intended to be feast of gluttony, it was a feast of thanksgiving. extend that to one another as we go toward christmas. >> lawren

most for morale and public opinion and the reelection of lincoln.is' stubbornness at entertaining bragg leads to an major disaster -- sherman could make its people howell. we know that -- no better option. -- scarcely more than one can be expected in a generation that in this work in which we are engaged they are seen for half a dozen. that is when -- half-dozen. he certainly did not find them in the western sierra, one of my forite sketches of the fight at chickamauga. after -- he could hardly find one general in the full -- of the word o could command the army in the western theater. joe johnson clearly distrusted, no better than bragg. there was polk who alexander referred as incompetent or william -- shied away fr assignment larger than court command. the fact at none of bragg's successors improved upon his record underscores the point that it was lack of talent across the board that influenced davis' decision- making in regard to picking commanders in the western theater. by way of conclusion, i will say ever critical moment of his tenure in co

he takes a picture of lincoln and that picture becomes v view of lincoln that the american people have. and it's sent around to newspapers all around the country. and it's a really big deal. people don't know what this guy, abraham lincoln, who was congressman for one term and then he loses a i guess he wins the senate debate but loses the senate race, too, to douglass in 1858. and so that photo was credited in large degree to making lincoln president. there's another story i heard that i just thought was terrific, that in the 1930s, roosevelt was so popular in the jewish community that when a boy would be bar mitzvahed at a synagogue, you would have the rabbi would walk the cantor word walk. the torah would be carried around the bar mitzvah boy would be there, and then there'd be somebody holding up picture of franklin roosevelt while. yeah, so yeah, i mean, the photos in iconography mean i mentioned the shepard fairey picture of obama i think those pictures are hugely important in conveying an image of the president who we want to and what what that an image can tell you so much abou

most for morale and public opinion in lincoln's reelection. davis's stubbornness in retaining bragg yielded disaster later and established the conditions for lincoln to put grant in charge and through open the gates to georgia. so that william t sherman could make its people howl. we can know briefly in defense of davis and bragg, there have been no better option quoted general in the full acceptation of the word as a rare product. scarcely more than one can be expected in a generation. but in this mighty war in which we are engaged, there is need for half a dozen. that's what bragg wrote. he certainly never found his half dozen, and he certainly didn't find them in the western theater. one of my favorite sketches here of the fight at chickamaugand a great ambrose bierce aphorism after albertson johnston's death, he could hardly fd one general in the full acceptation of the word. who could command the army in thwestern theater, joe johnston or beauregard, who he clearly distrusted, were no better than bragg. there was polk who porter alexander

it's pretty reprehensible not what lincoln would have done. he hasbu been idolizing some fis he stated that film is that medium that comes 50 years or 40 years after his death. i was talking more about modern presidents are conveyed by hollywood in their lifetimes. the spam thing is an interesting point it's widely part of the culture was also a stamp collector found the stamps very interesting you get ideas out there now, who talks about the latest stamp i've not heard that today. >> was kevinre still here we're talking about the fact there is a citizen stamp commission listens to the idea of who should be on the stamp. >> that's the commission. is it widely known who's on the latest stamp? >> not let you go to the post office. who sends letters today they don't know were each thing goes on a letter the upper right corner. as the mail becomes less important in her daily life the stamps become a less unifying part of the culture. looks great point to. drexler questionn over here? over here than over here okay? >> that was great, thank you. it

lincoln. they fought a war against or nothing's really changed. you'll see how this has become a play that i've jumped ahead of. i want to look at the tape there. papers published june third is an item dated june 20th that they're not now going to capture or kidnap those men they're going to burn the city of washington. how that gets in there, i have no the clear their story had grown a little bit. in february march 1864 over dog needs a very controversial raid to richmond with and killed them and i put on the key documents there that are found on dog body after these kill that they were going to kill jefferson davis and they were going to the city in this absolutely inflames the south they can i believe what they've just to them the north raised the black flag they've changed the whole level of the war. this is really over the top. but if are the north just because nothing happens and lincoln is not actually kidnaped doesn't mean they don't believe that the south would try to do this earlier.

had lincoln chosen to resupply fort pickens rather than fort sumter. at the beginning of the war but fort sumter gets the title. and we have bragg training at pensacola. they are doing quite well. an they are really enjoying him. he is very good at taking the raw materials to soldiers and turning them into an army. he ends up at shiloh. he is in the hornets nest for much of the fighting. and after the battle when johnson dies of his wounds, beauregard and you have to sell four names, takes over command of the army and decides he needs to take a mental health day and he goes to a spa and hed doesn't have jefferson davis's permission. davis doesn't like this. so braxton bragg takes command of the army of tennessee in 1862 and from there, he has to kind of form it into an army that will basically become the largest army in the western theater. bragg had very little, more than his relationship with than his relationship with for this job. especially over other prominent officers available for the post including joseph johnson who had been wounded by this t

and lincoln been kidnaped and held. this is a map by a general who was in arlington hoe he's his headquarters were legal. or the house of tom and it took me a while to figure out how to orient this map i was pretty clear on there he identifies bright little red returned the leesburg pike. but the only thing i didn't ow was paget's tab. where in one side of your sliced search, a buncof civil war maps find something i said paget's tavern anywhere in the map, so it makes sense so it's all upside down. that's why i put i went back so you can read it. you see how close that is. fort morgan. fort wor. again, you the route of the patrol that heends out based on those men beingaptured and you all should kn how close that is to washington d.c. you see the road coming down the little river turnpike coming down and alexandria. that's a report that he he puts that map from e man who led the patrol. so he tells in, i've only put part of it up there mentions the town of telegraph road, route one and maple valley. so they come down th

calls on israel to safe guard civilians in garza, secretary of state, anthony lincoln also calls for an immediate and substantial increase in humanitarian aid going into the palestinian territory. and their strong public support for palestinians in south africa, but many in the local jewish community want to see their governments take a more balanced approach. the on the call for at least welcome to the program. israel says its troops have fully surrounded the cause of city and are pressing ahead with their advance local officials. one of those still trapped in the city are now a grave risk that became clear when israel confirmed it struck an ambulance that it says how mos was using outside god. his biggest hospital monster on health authorities, as there are dozens of dead and wounded camps and despair, people rushed to help those wounded in his tri canal ship a hospital in gauze. a city mos ron health minister said that an dylan's convoy was heat, as it was leaving the hospital. carring create to cleave on the patients to the roof of border crossing into egypt, israel into and says

i asked him whether lincoln's latest push for peace is proving any more successful than the last. well, i think time will tell um it was short certainly in the short term it does look like he's achieved his objectives. the as railways have not agreed to the monetary implies. and of course, the other part of what he was trying to achieve was to solidify the us position with our, our partners to make sure that we're all on the same page. and that's not also not looking like it has achieved its objectives. that jordan went as far during the press conference, the joint press conference, as far as to accuse israel of committing rule crimes and gaza. where does this leave blinking in his attempt to mediate in the conflict as well the u. s. as in a difficult position i uh, were uh, you know, certainly uh the by to ministration remain sympathetic to the as rarely, military operations. uh, but uh those are becoming increasingly uh, controversial uh with the, with our, our, uh, our friends. and so he's, uh, he's trying to strive to a line that's uh, that's becoming increasingly broader and,

abraham lincoln's name is not allowed to be on the ballot. in effect, south of virginia gets a zero popular, not electoral zero zero. you can look it up in wikipedia, zero popular votes south of virginia because. we've outlawed discourse and a great war comes as a result of this. and and in the aftermath, we insist never again. no state can make or enforce any law which bridges these fundamental rights to shout no law abridge that's there. but that's not me. the federal government of the 14th amendment says no state shall maker enforce any law which abridge shall make no law abridge the same words as you see up there. but states and localities are limited. that's because of lincoln. that's because of civil war. so final sentence. the only thing we have in common is our constitution and our national narrative and our kids learn it. they don't know their presidents. they don't know the history of the revolution and the civil war, which give us that bill of rights and 14th amendment. and if we don't know, that we die. okay. okay. so so that's na