to lincoln university, which educate add lot of south african exiles. and that was their purpose. to get educated. my tag came here with the pup of becoming a political journalist. and he was not able to get -- maybe he would have been hired. but he was not hired by anyone and eventually ended up working for the united nations at the apartheid division in the antiapartheid radio. and he had three degrees. a bachelors and two masters. one in library studies and one in communications. it was -- he died right -- his death coincides with my going to south africa for his funeral, and it was then that i realized that i was walking in his well, thomas, i am interested what did you learn in in the making of the film, and the, cans what were the things that you learned in those conversations that will never leave you? >> the persistence of vision. that even when things look the most dire, that justice can win out. that i want to come back british prime minister is speaking now. a man who suffered so much for freedom and justice, and a man who flu his dignity and triumph inspired millions.

abe lincoln start the land grant colleges like michigan state university where i went briefly. abe lincoln had the idea everybody should be going to school free. they were land grant colleges, gave them land to work that land and pay for the tuition of the students, cut the trees, grow cows, which is what they did at msu, corn, whatever. you know, and it was not a unique idea to abe lincoln. thomas jefferson on his tombstone, the guy who, you know, was president of the united states twice from 1800 to 1808 -- 9 -- 1801-1809 technically, he wrote his own epitaph, did not say he was president of the united states. he was not the most proud of it, but he was, but he was most proud of in addition to be being author of independence -- but what he was most proud of that he was the founder of the university of virginia, america's first free college. anybody could go to college. anybody cogold to the university of virginia if you passed the entrance exam and demonstrate they were people going to college. anyhow, people know. people know that we've been robbed. oh, in that gap is that, f

because there has been so many biographies of lincoln some of those have become figures of the importance. so they leave research materials or no cards to university libraries were libraries of congress so other scholars can look through their note cards. it is useful because historians can look for the bits that have ended up on the cutting room floor. the greatest is michael berlin game. read his book is the gold standard with a two volume biography and has done justice to go to the papers to take out newspaper clippings in addition to the primary sources like diaries that smith did worked really well on the project like this to look through the lens of foreign policy. and i could pull out interesting material that was overlooked. one example we have a certain image of mary todd as a difficult person who had a difficult life three children died and she saw her husband assassinated so when it was not easy to be her but she was more cosmopolitan growing up in lexington and went to a school where the students spoke french and her family will hold this over him and he would say one was good enough for it god but not the todd. when you go to the pape

we did have a wonderful event here a few weeks ago about sponsored by the open university about what kennedy and lincoln's second term would've looked like, and you speculate a bit at the end. asked what he i persuaded congrs to pass the four major legislatures involving civil rights. so on that count, which it achieved what johnson and chief? >> i don't think he ever would've had the kind of come the great society indeed and commitment that johnson had. because kennedy was essentially a foreign policy president. he used to say politics can ncj, but foreign policy can kill you. he would have gotten i think it would've run against barry goldwater, he would have won a big victory the way johnson it. he would have carried big majorities, democratic majorities into the house and senate i think. and i think he would've gotten the big tax cut, the federal aid to education, the medicare and the civil rights bills past. that would put them in the lead. the most, the rest of the 20th century presidential reformers, alongside of tr and wilson and even compared somewhat to fdr. i don't think he would have pushed bey

lincoln was wrong about that. he thought the emancipation proclamation would immediately lead to universal support among in europe. wasn't exactly right but in the long run he was right about that. >> if you would address the trends in europe -- if you would address the trends specifically in the interplay between lincoln and seward and lord palmerson, i would like to hear you address that issue a little more directly. >> as i mentioned, probably the most dangerous crisis of the war with britton, came in late 1861, a union naval captain intercepted the british mail package in the caribbean, took a couple confederate diplomats off the ship, sent them to a prison on the east coast, sent the ship on its way and his creative indignation in britain who threatened to war if the diplomats were not released and the ultimate resolution of this, don't want to spoil it, it is a chapter in the book about lincoln backed down, released the diplomats. and war was avoided. one of the interesting things about this affair is the length of time it took for news to cross the atlantic. we take it for granted today that we instantly kn

crisis and charles keating that lincoln savings oh older that scares me when you say saving alone is older that is only the. whole move right on from there were no university professor i deal with they do you know there you go there you go this is much better right. now would you say that if in the financial sphere accounting accounting itself that's the weapon that one must use in order to engage in control fraud or are there other methods for employment control fraud. though there are many other methods but in finance the weapon of choice is accounting so that. again that's the story of enron and worldcom and the savings and loan crisis and the current crisis all of these were driven by epidemics of accounting fraud and in the current crisis a you actually to your point you saw three different epidemics each of which individually would have been the most destructive financial fraud epidemic in world history but they all occurred simultaneously in the united states and variance of occurred in many other countries so we had to epidemics of fraud in the loan mortgage loan origination process that means the making of the loans one was appraisal fraud and the

crisis and charles keating that lincoln savings oh older that scares me when you say saving alone is older that is only the. whole move right on from there were no university professor i deal with they do you know there you go there you go this is much better right. now would you say that if in the financial sphere accounting accounting itself that's the weapon that one must use in order to engage in control fraud or are there other methods for employment control fraud. though there are many other methods but in finance the weapon of choice is accounting so that. again that's the story of enron and worldcom and the savings and loan crisis and the current crisis all of these were driven by epidemics of accounting fraud and in the current crisis you actually you know to your point you saw three different epidemics each of which individually would have been the most destructive financial fraud epidemic in world history but they all occurred simultaneously in the united states and variance that occurred in many other countries so we had to epidemics of fraud in the loan mortgage loan origination process that means the making of the loans one was appraisal frau

crisis and charles keating that lincoln savings oh older that scares me when you say saving alone is older that is only the. whole move right on from there were no university professor i deal with they do you know there you go there you go this is much better right. now would you say that if in the financial sphere accounting accounting itself that's the weapon that one most years in order to engage in control fraud or are there other methods for employment control for odd. though there are many other methods but in finance the weapon of choice is accounting so that. again that's the story of enron and worldcom and the savings and loan crisis and the current crisis all of these were driven by epidemics of accounting fraud and in the current crisis you actually to your point you saw three different epidemics each of which individually would have been the most destructive financial fraud epidemic in world history but they all occurred simultaneously in the united states and variance of occurred in many other countries so we had to epidemics of fraud in the loan mortgage loan origination process that means the making of the loans one was appraisal fraud and t

crisis and charles keating that lincoln savings oh older that scares me when you say saving alone is older that is only the. whole move right on from there would be a university professor i deal with they do you know there you go there you go this is much better right. now would you say that if in the financial sphere accounting accounting itself that's the weapon that one most years in order to engage in control fraud or are there other methods for employment control fraud. though there are many other methods but in finance the weapon of choice is accounting so that. again that's the story of enron and worldcom and the savings and loan crisis and the current crisis all of these were driven by epidemics of accounting fraud and in the current crisis a you actually you know to your point you saw three different epidemics each of which individually would have been the most destructive financial fraud epidemic in world history but they all occurred simultaneously in the united states and variance that occurred in many other countries so we had to epidemics of fraud in the loan mortgage loan origination process that means the making of the loans one was appraisal

nator blanch lincoln "washington journal" airs live every morning beginning at 7:00 eastern on c-span. >> last week the university of minnesota held a discussion about the bipartisan budget agreement and what it means for compromise between democrats and republicans. among the speakers were two congressmen. his is an hour and 15 minutes. >> good afternoon. i would like to welcome you to the university of minnesota. we have a terrific program here today talking about the significance of the budget deal reached in washington in terms of the political implications for both the democratic and republican parties as well as the origins of some of what we have been seeing in washington. e have a terrific panel. i would like to introduce the panel. we have gil gutknecht, he served in 12 -- for 12 years in the minnesota house and 12 years in the united states house of representatives. we have martin sabo, who served for a long time in the minnesota house of representatives, including a speaker from 1973-1978. he went on to washington, where he served for 13 terms, i believe, in very important positions. it passed a bud

university. a man who knows his presidents very well. he served as director of the gerald ford presidential library of museum, the herbert hoover presidential library, the ronald reagan presidential library. and lincoln. let's not forget springfield. host: he is here to answer questions. margaret is up next. caller: hello. happy new year to everyone. the lack of majority in congress senate for a second-term presidency, does that have anything to do with the polls , and the less effective the president has become? guest: that is a great question. there is something called the six-year curse. that affects great presidents, insignificant presidents, across the board. that is in the sixth year of a yearidency, the off- elections tend to go very badly against the party in the white house. it happened to dwight eisenhower . it happens to franklin roosevelt in 1930 a. 1938. in recent years, george bush experienced it in 2006. 1998, inton did not in large part because it was a perception that there was a backlash against the impeachment attempt. by and large, the sixth year is a year that the party in power dreads. right now i have no doubt the democrats are looking at the senate majority and worrying about