the public relations industry was devoted to what walter litman approvingly called a new arc in the practiceof democracy. the manufacturer of consent was called the engineering of consent and the phrase of his contemporary edward berna circumstance s. they had taken part in woodrow wilson's state propaganda agency which the public information in an orwellian term. it was created to kind of -- to try to a pacifist population to fanaticism and hatred of all things german. and it succeeded brilliantly, in fact. and it was hoped that the same techniques could ensure that we're called the intelligent minorities would rule. and that the general public who litman called ignorant and meddle some outsiders would serve their functions as spectators, not participants. these are all very highly respected progressive essays on democracy. and by people who -- by a man who was the leading public intellectual of the 20th century and was a wilson/roosevelt/kennedy progressive as he was. and they capture the thinking of progressive opinion. so president wilson -- he held in an elite of gentlemen with elevated