poetry, here is a poem, again, related to a slave by lo longfellow. they then included national news and here we -- the michigan temperence society. here they have doctrines at washington. so, the national news is very important to include. and then they would sometimes follow that with discussions or alternative view points that might -- of an opposing view. the underground railroad had become quite effective by the 1840s, and certainly it got to be very effective in the 1850s. and it was proven not only by the northerners making claims, but by people in slave-holding states. going to it their legislature saying help us retrieve our property, quote, property. here we have an article about the missouri legislature going to congress and saying to them that under the existing laws of canada and the treaties between great britain and the united states, it is impossible to recover a slave who has once escaped to the canadian shore. and, of course, what is the fastest way to get across but from detroit, across the detroit river to get to canada, which is w