work, lookingntal at the small marks on fragments -- there is a long history of anthropology and paleoanthropology. how far back does collective violence go and warfare? can we really see conflict between individuals and groups? how does it change? when we get different settlement patterns how does it change? when we get two different kinds of weapons -- this is a finely honed skill that has great application. is understanding of trauma based on the biomechanics of own. we are able to predict a fair amount of how bone will fracture. own is this wonderful composite material. it is both rigid and flexible because it is made of organic and inorganic materials. it allows a great deal of flexibility. at certain points it fails. we understand how bones fail under tension and compression. this is what we have used to understand the nature of what we are seeing in the bone. the other questions we ask about trauma, the timing of the event. i am not going to talk about anti-morgan trauma -- and taymor more to him trauma. case of thishe individual, she has a well- heeled nasal fracture, this line right here