they had by that time, 1942, 1943, already many famous scientists were being assembled at los alamos and elsewhere. lo and behold they discovered just like physics professors at universities discover, you can't do anything without assistance, so they realized that they needed an infrastructure of machinists and engineers and young budding scientists to assist in the development of the bomb. and so they developed something called a special engineering detachment, and they went around the country interviewing people who they thought might fit into the project. sure enough at los alamos there were many, many hundreds, almost 1,000, seds who eventually ended up there. some of them, like me, you might call budding graduate students, even though i only had two and a half years of college at the time. also others who were machinists and engineers. the sed, among other things, became a breeding ground. historians of the war maybe don't understand as they should that this was a breeding ground for many phyicists. that was a really unintended consequence of the manhattan project. i'm an example

the physics types tended to go to los alamos. what happened was i finally got shipping orders to go to los alamos along with several of my friends who were also physics majors. we just traveled on civilian trains, which was the first time i had used a civilian train since i was in the army. ended up in lay mee, new mexico, which is a place where people go to when they went to get to santa fe. >> describe lay mee. >> lay mee was just a junction as far as i could tell. apparently, the train never gets to -- even today doesn't get to santa fe. it was simply a junction on the railroad line. it was a one horse town. that's it. now, i was met there by an army sedan driven by a lady soldier, who drove me to santa fe, drove me to the central square in santa fe in the plaza and let me off in front of this famous building, 109, where -- it was just a store front. i went in with my papers, and i handed it to a lady and i said, here i am. i guess that's the same as what happened to everybody who came to los alamos. she looked at them. she sa

los alamos had been a boy school. and there was fuller lodge in the center and then -- i can't remember the number of houses on bathtub row. we were down at the end. and we had the distinction of having two bathtubs. and that got us in a bit of trouble once. because there were only showers in all the army construction. and there was a soldier being released from the hospital. but the nurse told him that he would need to take baths. and he said, well, where? and she said, mrs. parsons wouldn't mind. the trouble is, she didn't tell my mother. mother arrived home to find this poor soldier in the bathtub, which i'm sure embarrassed him more than it embarrassed her. we lived next door to the oppenheimers. and at times, i guess there were times of great security. and we would have somebody patrolling our house or the oppenheimers' house or two walking around together. but that was kind of hit or miss, i'm sure, dependent on something that was going on. but my mother forgot her pass once. the guard wouldn't let her in her ho

is to interpret the history of los alamos. we were a great partnership because what got us started was a grant from the institute for museum and library services and the los alamos historical society runs a museum. so that made us together eligible for the grant that helped us establish this manhattan project site. >> when did you start your first interviews? >> i started interviewing in 2002 as soon as i got my feet on the ground. i realized even then that this was a very quickly ageing population. it would be a moment in time to capture the voices. ironically, we had these interviews, some of them for ten years or more, before we had the funding to create the website. >> did the end of the cold war make this project possible? >> well, the end of the cold war was the signal to ramp down the nuclear weapons complex. there was funding provided for the department of energy to clean up the environmental contamination at the various former weapons sites. some of them are still active today, so we do a little dance as to what can b

los alamos had been a boy school. and there was fuller lodge in the center and then -- i can't remember the number of houses on bathtub row. we were down at the end. and we had the distinction of having two bathtubs. and that got us in a bit of trouble once. because there were only showers in all the army construction. and there was a soldier being released from the hospital. but the nurse told him that he would need to take baths. and he said, well, where? and she said, mrs. parsons wouldn't mind. the trouble is, she didn't tell my mother. mother arrived home to find this poor soldier in the bathtub, which i'm sure embarrassed him more than it embarrassed her. we lived next door to the oppenheimers. and at times, i guess there were times of great security. and we would have somebody patrolling our house or the oppenheimers' house or two walking around together. but that was kind of hit or miss, i'm sure, dependent on something that was going on. but my mother forgot her pass once. the guard wouldn't let her in her ho

it was a boys school in los alamos.he students and masters were on the playing fields and a light snow was falling. this is it, groves said. located on the eastern slope of the james mountains, los a alamos had homesteaders and the los alamos school. it was the dream of a rough rider ashley pond. it was a school for the sons of wealthy families based on a vigorous life. students wore shorts year-round and slept in unheated sleeping areas. each student was assigned a horse to care for. and pack trips into the mountains were common they had spent time quietly since the 1920s. now its time was coming to an end. school officials started noticing low-flying planes studying the area. cars and military vehicles led up from the valley. on december 4th, 1942, the school received notice from henry stenson, secretary of war, that the school was being taken over. condemnation proceedings were used. it was decreed all records of the acquisition be sealed from public view. almost 54,000 acres were acquired. 9,000 were public land. co

after the war, he was one of my professors at los alamos. phil had been one of the first few people to go into japan after the bombing and to talk with people. he was so horrified by what he saw that he became a tireless crusader against the use of nuclear weapons. he tried, in many ways, to get this thing under control. he was a person who had a lot of trouble during mccarthyism because his generation didn't find communism so threatening in the days before. you really found out what it's base was like. he was persecuted by one of the congressional committees. i am not quite sure. the reason they were after him was interesting. they were really after oppenheimer. but they didn't have a handle on him yet. they were going after his former students. phil was one. they were trying to frighten them into implicating oppenheimer, seeing that he had been a member of the communist party, which he may well have been. it was very interesting that phil, like many of his fellows in that class, was furious with oppenheimer. because oppenheimer was visibly

it wasn't that los alamos needed me. >> tell us about your road to los alamos. urray: well, i was informed by one of my professors that there was this project where i could serve and make use of what little training in physics i already had and that it would be a really good thing to do and, secret, is completely would be somewhere in the united states, but i would not be able to tell my family where and would not see them again until the end of the war. and that was really all he would tell me it, except that he advised me to go that way, and so i did. oft happened was, at the end the semester, i informed my draft board that i was ready, i , i was sent tod basic training in louisiana, and somewhere in the middle of basic training, i was pulled out and sent very dramatically on a train with about 10 other young men with sealed orders which carried us first east to oak ridge and the north to cincinnati and so on, and finally to a train which took us to los alamos. it was a very interesting demonstration, i realized later, of the power of that project, because not

and then, because of that, he was picked for los alamos. and when he died, he was deputy chief of the bureau of ordinance, so it all came together. so, do you think we've covered everything? >> certainly everything i can think of. >> you did a wonderful job. >> well, anecdotes. >> yeah. this is nice. it helps create a nice portrait of los alamos. >> and i was, you know, a month or so short of my 11th birthday when we left, so it, i think your memories are skewed a bit, but i, i remember a lot. i asked my sister if she would be interested, and she said no. it was too early in her life. she wouldn't, he wouldn't remember stepping on the devilled eggs, i'm sure. she's blocked that out. >> you had said the d-day and japan was a big day. >> yeah. >> were you aware of what your dad's involvement was? how long after? i guess my mother told me. but it was matter of factly. but vj-day was, first all these false vj-days. and then finally the real one. and fireworks. i mean, that was, that was it. i probably still had wiped that jap off the map on the

benjamin bederson recalls being sent to los alamos, new mexico, to work on the manhattan project. mr. bederson began working on designing the atomic bomb's ignition switches.

up next, peggy bowditch remembers growing up in los alamos, new mexico, next door to robert open hierm, who became ather of the ierm, who became atomic bomb. she talks about the parties her parents hosted for famous scientists, as well as her family's relationship with the oppenheimers. this 90-minute oral history is from the voices of the manhattan project, created by the atomic heritage foundation and the los alamos historical society. >>> i was born in washington, d.c., in 1934. my father was in the navy, so we moved here and there. i remember living in california and virginia and then new mexico. when we first arrived in new mexico, ou

this was shipped to los alamos and found its way into what became the hiroshima bomb. it was a uranium bomb which had never been tested. in fact, hiroshima was a test for that first atomic bomb. the nagasaki mom was a plutonium bomb that had been tested. the uranium bomb had never been tested. that was the end result of our labors. interviewer: interesting, you mentioned that chemistry played an important part of this whole process of extracting the you 235. but this might report, which was written at the end of the war doesn't talk about chemistry. it was still classified. mr. gruen: it was still classified? the chemistry part? interviewer: you guys are still heroes, but the credit goes to the physicists because that's what they can talk about, but the chemists for years have been these silent, unsung heroes. mr. gruen: well, these reports that i wrote were declassified and i was able to get them many years later. if you were interested, i could make those available to you. yeah, there was some chemistry involved in doing all of this. it's one of the untold parts of t

this is from the voices of the manhattan project, created by the heritage foundation and los alamos historicalnn: i was november 21, 1922 in waldorf, germany. interviewer: where is that? mr. gruen: waldorf is a small vie

. >> 70 years today, july 16th, 1945, the first atomic bomb was tested near los alamos. next on real america, the moment in time the manhattan project, a library of congress and lowe's al mows co production from the year 2000 which tells the story of the race to create the bomb. this hour-long documentary includes interviews with some of the key scientists and technicians.

this oral history from the voices of the manhattan project, created by the los alamos historical society. seth: i was at purdue university. . got married in my junior year i tried to join the b12 navy program in order to try to finish my studies. and to go into the navy. married, i went through the process of joining, and found out that i could not get in if i was married. i had a decision to make. and i chose marriage. later, i, about a year graduated after being interviewed by eastman kodak, to some unknown location to help the war effort. up and found out we would be going to oak ridge. we purchased a car, $450, and loaded up what little belongings we had. after graduation in august 1943, who traveled to tennessee- -- w e traveled to tennessee. my wife's decision was to go with me, even though she was pregnant by three months. on the way down, we came through ,he beautiful town of norris which we call our shangri-la. we were able to find an attic to live in, which had no bathroom or anything like that. it was a blessing for my wife because she was in a peaceful locale. and we had made

this is from the voices of the manhattan project created by the atomic heritage foundation and the los alamos historical society. i went to purdue university. i got married in my junior year. the beachd to join will navy program -- b-1 navy program2 to finish my studies and then to go into the navy. married, i went through the process of joining and found out that i could not married. i was so, i had a decision to make and i chose marriage. ok then. about a year later, i graduated after being interviewed by eastman kodak to go to some unknown location to help the war effort. and found outd up that we would be going to oak ridge. so, we purchased the car for $150 and loaded up what little belongings we had, and after graduation in august of 1943, we traveled to tennessee. my wife's decision was to go with me, even though she was pregnant by three months. on the way down, we came to the beautiful town of noris, which shangri-la.r we loved it so well that we were able to find an attic to live in which had no bathroom or anything like that, but it was a blessing for my wife because she was in a p

this is from the voices of the manhattan project, created by the heritage foundation and los alamos historical society. born onn: i was november 21, 1922 in waldorf, germany. interviewer: where is that? mr. gruen: waldorf is a small village near the town of [indiscernible] better-knownar the .own of why more -- weimar interviewer: what was your childhood like? wasgruen: my childhood very, very pleasant. my father was the principal of a school. my mother -- my father had a devoted marriage. i had one brother older than i. in that village. went to primary school there. and did all the things that ,mall children, little boys do including using a roller skate on a steep hill and scaring my mother out of her skull with my derring-do. [laughter] ?nterviewer: was it mountainous rollerskating on a steep hill? no, this was a hill in the village. on top of the hill there was a church. the countryside was hilly, not mountainous. but a very beautiful region where my family and i did a good deal of hiking on weekends. it was a very, very pleasant countryside. at that time. interviewer: how did you happen t

came around looking for someone to head up the actual design of the bomb, at the lab that became los alamos,ern neace' lawrence nominated his friend, jay report oppenheimer and got him the job. but now we must turn to the moral dimension of this work. not only lawrence's role but big science's role in war. something that still the subject of debate today, 70 years later, as you can tell i think just by reading the papers in the last week. the study of history, you know, is an exercise in looking at events through the eyes of them pea who lived. the but also applying the perspective of the decades sometimes a century. this exercise is especially complicated with nuclear weapons because we're so familiar with their consequences. we know the toll in lives from the bombings of hiroshima and nagasaki. the thousands, a toll the builders of the bombs could only guess at and probably underestimated the figures. we know of the horrific, long-term suffering of the civilian survivors of the cities unlike anything experienced by any other survivors of warfare in history. and we know the cloud that civi

a new review find serious violation at the los alamos laboratory. scientists searching for clues in the mysterious deaths of antelopes in kazakhstan. they are listed as critically endangered live in a few herds in kazakhstan, russia and mongolia. the white house said president obama will present a national honor of arch to several recipients. the ceremony is schedule for thursday. >>> a republican lawmaker slamming donald trump. wisconsin congressman reed rebel telling "usa today" donald trump is doing serious damage to the republican brand. saying quote we can't just be kicking sand in the sandbox and saying you're dumb and you're a loser. we actually need a grown-up in the white house. trump has a 14 point lead over the other gop hopefuls. let's bring in ellen rattner and tammy bruce. thank you so much for being here. >> hi, ladies. >> thank you. >> let's kick off with you tammy, what do you think his motivation is. why is he doing this? >> when you notice he's a representative from wisconsin. i immediately thought of the association relationship

this oral history from the voices of the manhattan project, created by the los alamos historical society. seth: i was at purdue university. i got married in my junior

this is from the voices of the manhattan project created by the atomic heritage foundation and the los alamos historical society. i went to purdue university. i got married in my junior year. the beachd to join will navy program -- b-1 navy program2 to finish my studies and then to go into the navy. marriedre i was

look at the manhattan project in a 2000 documentary co-produced by the library of congress and los alamos national laboratory. that's followed by the personal stories of two bomb survivors. then a look at what led to japan's surrender in the final days of world war ii. that's tuesday night at 8:00 eastern here on c-span3. >>> the c-span cities tour, working with our cable affiliates and visiting cities across the country. this weekend, we're joined by charter communications to learn more about the history and literary life of grand junction, colorado. the mining of a certain mineral had a long-term importance in this part of colorado. >> all over the colorado plateau, and especially here in mesa county, outside of grand junction, we are surrounded by morrison rock. we find a lot of dinosaur bones, a lot of fossils. that's really intrigued scientists more a long time. the other thing we find in the morrison is a mineral, a rock, called carnatite. it contains three different elements. it contains radium, which is radioactive and was used to help solve and fight cancer. it also contained van

at los alamos, and i traveled with the bomb, took it all the way over to tinian. first by air to california and then on to indianapolis, the cruiser indianapolis to tinnian. and i waited there until the bomb was dropped. after that, i went into japan on a special mission that general groves set up to look at all the universities, all the colleges, factories, to see if we could determine what the capacity of the japanese were, whether they had something going or not. and i came home and very soon got out and started my construction business. and that, briefly, is my war story. and i think the bomb was -- it's a miracle the bomb was developed. it's wonderful that we were able to use it to end the war. if it had not, if the bomb had not been dropped and the war had continued, thousands of people would have died on both sides, particularly if we had invaded japan. like we might be talking about a million people in such a terrible invasion process. the miracle, the biggest miracle is that after the war we had, after 60 years now, we have not had another atomic bomb inc

our god, los alamos, oak ridge, the pacific northwest, savannah river, all played important roles. these nuclear experts were essential to evaluating and developing technical proposals and support of the u.s. delegation. as a result of their work, i'm confident that the technical underpinnings of this deal are solid and the department of energy stands ready to assist in the implementation. the deal leaves the president objectives -- president's objectives. the jcpoa would extend for at least 10 years, the time that it would take iran to produce just material for a nuclear explosive. the deal addresses the uranium enrichment, plutonium, and covert pathways to a nuclear weapon. the parameters, as the making member mentioned, are maintained and in fact strengthened, not weakened, but strengthened in the final agreement. this means restricting the number, type, and location of centrifuges, dialing back the r6d program -- r&d program, reducing iran's stockpile, and prohibiting introduction of any material. excess infrastructure is also removed. all these reasons taken together establish

in los alamos, in sandia, our two d.o.e. labs are working on modernizing aging nuclear weapons systems to keep them safe and secure. it is foolish to cause unnecessary disruption to projects of this significance, where there is no margin for error. each of these labs employs thousands of people. many of them scientists at the top of their field. why would we threaten their paychecks and important national security -- the important national security work that they are doing? we have three air force bases in new mexico -- cannon, kirkland and holloman. all serve a variety of unique national security missions for our country. white sands missile range, unlike any facility in the country, it provides critical research and testing for future technologies. shutdowns and sequestration send a terrible message to the men and women at these facilities. it limits their effectiveness and harms the economies of nearby communities like clovis, albuquerque, alamagordo, yomana county. shutdowns mean lost jobs and lost revenue, all in the fa

fact, since 1980 every new iaea inspector has had nuclear materials measurement training at the los alamos national laboratory. and every year the department hosts additional specialized training courses for iaea inspectors and analysts both here and abroad. our partnership with the iaea has also generated various technologies for use in safeguard systems. for example, the online enrichment monitor, is one example of the technology jointly developed by our national laboratories and the iaea. can continuously monitor the enrichment levels of uranium in gas form at a centrifuge enrichment plant. and for the first time as a result of the jcpoa, it will be used in iran. i am happy to provide additional information and respond to any questions you may have either in this open session or closing session. thank you, sir. >> thank you, general. mr. chair. >> chairman rogers, ranking member cooper and members of the subcommittee, thank you for the opportunity to testify on missile defense and the joint comprehensive plan of action, the jcpoa. i'm grateful for this committee's consistent attention t

the library of congress and los alamos national laboratory co-production features interviews and oral histories with many of the key project scientists. at 9:00 p.m., first person accounts by two atomic bomb survivors. and at 10:00, japan's decision to surrender. remarks by u.s. army command and general staff college professor ft. levinworth. >> when congress returns from the august recess, one of the first items of business will be a resolution of disapproval on the obama administration's nuclear agreement with iran and other world powers. starting tonight at 8:00 p.m. on c-span, we'll bring you key statements and hearings. including a speech in early august by president obama at american university. house and senate hearings with negotiators. and statements for and against the agreement by senate leaders. here's some of the highlights. >>> because the sanctions won't produce the results the critics want. we have to be honest, congressional rejection of this deal leaves any u.s. administration that is absolutely committed to preventing iran from getting a nuclear weapon with one opti

warm weather into the evening hours. 94 right now in lose los gatos -- los gatos. 98 pittsburg. 96 alamo. temperatures up by 5, 6, 7 degrees inland. from yesterday. 7 by napa. 7 livermore. around the bay, the same. 8 in oakland. 9 hayward. tomorrow temperatures will be warmer. i think areas off the-mind local cities will hit 100 degrees -- the inland cities will hit 100. 100 degrees plus for tomorrow and wednesday will be the hottest day. into the over night hours, temperatures will cool off under dry conditions. 61 degrees oakland tomorrow morning. 59 for redwood city. 60 degrees in fremont and 61 for san jose. upper 50s for the innereast bay. 56 napa. clear skies and a light breeze. highs tomorrow, going up from yesterday. 97 napa. 95 novato. upper 90s by the water. 90 richmond. 90s east bay shoreline. upper 90s castro valley and 100 degrees over the east bay hills. 101 livermore. 100 concord. south bay, the heat is on here as well. 97 los gatos. 100 morgan hill. 96 for sunnyvale. 97 palo alto. baking conditions in redwood redwood city, 96. upper 80 for san francisco and a beautiful da

alamo" en el condado de contra costa.. juanfra/take vo --- polica de san mateo est tras los pasos de un delincuente que asalt una farmacia yd... tez blanca... y mide cinco pies, seis pulgadas de estatura... lorena-take vo --alerta en el este de la baha...las autoridades advierten a los padres defamili que tengan mucho cuidado con el chofer de una camioneta estilo "van" que trata de convencer a estudiantes para que entren a su coche... --varios intentos de secuestse han reportado en escuelas de alameda y berkeley. lorena son las ??? .... ya estamos listos para dar empezar con toda la informacin... roll open under ===chit chat=== juanfra lorena lucrecia roll open under lucrecia buenos das... qu nos espera el da de hoy. live bug lucrecia facebook live bug lucrecia amigos tengan todos muy buenos dias y sean cordialmente bienvenidos a noticiero telemundo 48. enseguida les comparto la informacion meteorologica del dia de hoy. como usted ve en su pantalla aqui tenemos las siguientes condiciones climatologicas: durante la manana tenemos: bajas temperaturas y nubosidad. para la tarde subiral termometrs nubes. y para la noche espera

alamo" en el condado de contra costa.. juanfra/take vo --- polica de san mateo est tras los pasos de un delincuente que asalt una farmacia yamentos y es descrito como un joven 20 aÑos de edad... tez blanca... y mide cinco pies, seis pulgadas de estatura... lorena-take vo --alerta en el este de la baha...las autoridades advierten los padre que tengan mucho cuidado con el chofer de una camioneta estilo "van" que trata de convencer a estudiantes para que entren a su coche... --varios intentos de secutrse han reportado en escuelas de alameda y berkeley. ===traffic open=== live bug lorena - 3shot --en japn... un anciano celebr lorena/topvo --estas son las historias que papa. >>> >>> muy buenos dÍas desde washington dc le saluda josÉ dÍaz-balart estamos segundos de la llegada del papa francisco al pleno del congreso de los estados unidos. la primera vez en la historia que un papa hablarÁ dentro del capitolio a legisladores en esta rincÓn junta estÁn ya todos dentro del pleno vemos a por ejemplo los representes antes de la corte suprema sonia so

alamo 102. danville 101 degrees. 100 morgan hill. 105 gilroy and 90s 90 los gatos and saratoga. temperatures on tuesday, 104 degrees. yesterday 107. today 107 degrees. a little bit of cooling tomorrow. not much. we will cool things off inland in the friday forecast. here is the key headline tomorrow. a drop off in the numbers. the beaches in the 60s. around the bay, 80s. inland instead of 107, 108. high pressure. big warm up in place over the past few days. watching this, a tropical storm linda, this was a hurricane yesterday. some of the moisture will be approaching the bay area. cooling begins friday. temperatures inland near 100 degrees. and then into the weekend more pronounced cooling, high pressure weakens and moisture moves in from had south. -- the south and a chance of a sprinkle saturday night into sunday morning. more clouds. we can guarantee cooling in the bay area weekend. our forecast, showing you this, dense fog coast side. with the marine layer we could have reduced visibilities near the coast line tomorrow morning. not that inland push yet. into the afternoon ho

alamo. high pressure going north as another area of low pressure breaks north and forms west- southwest of los. high to the north. that does not like the low so the high will fill it with a north-northeast breeze and that means sunshine and warmer temps kick in today. upper 80s for some. low 90s for some. >> the tv theme song you know that fox is hosting the emmys for those of you who don't know, that's awards for television. >> through go. that's on sunday right here on channel 2. thank you, steve. >> we are looking at the traffic at the bay bridge toll plaza, backed up. just slight by better than it has been other days this week. we had a stalled vehicle which made things worse. we are looking at the san mateo bridge and traffic there on the san mateo bridge is busy all the way across to the peninsula. accident near the airport on 101 has cleared up. there is still some pluggish traffic going into marin county. highway 37 to san raphel and the nimitz free way is close in books all the way down to fremont. not one solid line of traffic but a lot of slow traffic for to you deal with on the way

it was probably an outgrowth of my experiences at los alamos and elsewhere. it addressed science-related societal issues. of course, most important of the science-related societal issues was the atomic bomb. i would spend part of the course talking about the atomic bomb. the students would always raise the question of, did truman make a mistake in dropping the atomic bomb? many students then and now think that it was a mistake to drop the bomb. many people think it was a mistake to drop the bomb. i did not think it was a mistake. i look at the students, usually i would look at the students in the class, all young people, 19, 20, 21 years old, and i said, you know, many of your parents would have been killed if there had been an invasion of japan. there would have been an invasion of japan if the japanese had not surrendered, and you would not be here. of course, there's no way of knowing that, but you have to realize that dropping the bomb saved lives. saved american lives. it killed a lot of people, and you can never -- never understand the horror of that. t