i saw the goose tatum play in los alamos. we had the redheads, a women's team that had traveled all over the united states and the world and they came there. we got involved in the wrestling arena. there was a gentleman by the name of gorgeous george, dyed his hair blonde and he had this harem that would come out with him. there was another who is called the great mask. he would headbutt all of these people and he must've had an iron plate in his head because the people he would hit, they would actually bleed. in between rounds they had us kids and they would put gloves on us, put us in the ring, blindfold us, and then we would start throwing our fists all over. i could hear my father -- [laughs] -- let the left go, the right go. sometimes it would connected sometimes it didn't. he was a famous fight fan and joe lewis was the heavyweight champion at the time. at the front side of the lodge was a beautiful green lawn and when joe lewis fought they would set up the speakers and it was full of the zia personnel and military, the

the connection between los alamos and trinity -- you cannot use the term los alamos anyway. we were known as project y or site y or things like that. there were very few people involved in the trinity test that new about the connection. laborers did not know about los alamo's at trinity -- los alamos at trinity did not know what they were working on. that connection is a carefully guarded secret. in terms of physical security, they have chosen to do this test on a military base. there were patrols, people on horseback. base camp, all these other things that were being worked on at the time. the final thing you want to consider in terms of security is when the bomb goes off, how do we make sure that nobody knows that it is a nuclear bomb? the first thing, and a very simple thing, is set it off at 4:00 in the morning. i mentioned that many of you who are watching this recording were not up at 4:00 this morning. not many people are. it is a pretty quiet time of the day. they thought, maybe a few people milling about see it, who cares? but when 50 or hundred people see this test

he's an icon in los alamos.ian brian was a famous softball pitcher for the clowns and biden his wife a jean and their children live not far from us. they're there at the denver steals but they had a different type of housing. and on sundays, biden would go to the early maxwell jean stayed home with the children and then but would hurry home and jean would go to the 10:00 mass at which i was usually the altar boy for that mass. and i remember this one particular sunday, it was towards the end of the mess and jane always left just a little before 11:00 because she had a shift at the hospital and i remember this priest and he heard some noise and he just stopped and turned around any looks at or any says excuse me, but where you going? masses and over. and i looked around and it was poor jean and she was so embarrassed and she came back and sat down and i was just so mad and i remember just after mass, i came up to this particular priest and i took off my caustic and i told him, and trembling and shaking voice and

up to los alamos where they could learn how to build a bomb using plutonium. everything was coming in in train loads and train loads. nothing as far as anybody could tell was going out. it was a very ultrasecret undertaking. no one knew what was going on. except the managers until the bombs were actually dropped on hiroshima and nagasaki in japan. august of 1945. >> recruitment was very challenging at times because they could not say a lot about what the end goal of the project was. one of the women i profiled in my book was recruited right out of the halls of her high school during her senior year. i interviewed other women. who were recruited out of college. i talked to a woman who was recruited out of a diner where she was working. they went all over over the place looking for smart, capable young women who followed instructions very well. they were very capable of following instructions. they also had to recruit a lot of men. construction wise, turnover was a very big challenge. they didn't want a lot of turnover. that slowed the construction rates. they s

so we want to be pretty close to los alamo's. finally, by order of the secretary of the interior, native americans cannot be displaced in order to make a place for the test site as well. so start thinking about places that would meet all those requirements. so in the slide, you see several places that were proposed as the chest area. including a few here in new mexico. also, a couple places in california. desert training area. new mexico, and texas, sandbar islands, off the coast coast of mexico. st. nicholas island, in southern california. so let me see we also have south west of cuba, that was considered, and then again in new mexico. that roughly translate to the journey of death, you know that sounds pretty promising, for a test. but ultimately will tell you didn't happen will tell you more about that later. so also st. louis valley, near the national monument in colorado. and many of you have probably gone out there, but many of these me a lot of these requirements. there's a lot of flat areas near there. but ultimately they

>>la electricidad volviÓ a casa de los Álamos, ellos vieron la luz al final del tÚnel. >> estoy preocupadaora cuenta con ese tan necesitado servicio elÉctrico, la historia es muy distinta para casi 3 millones de tejanos que continÚan en la oscuridad y la situaciÓn puede empeorar para este fin de semana. >> no solamente allÁ en texas, en muchas otras partes del centro y en el sur del paÍs han batido rÉcords de acumulaciÓn de nieve y temperaturas extremas que siguen ocasionando muertes y daÑos en la infraestructura, desde chicago nos tienen mÁs de los estragos causados por esta tormenta. >> las imÁgenes muestran la magnitud de la tormenta invernal que esa idea varios estados del paÍs, en el norte de oklahoma, su capital registra las sensaciones tÉrmicas mÁs bajas desde 1989 con 14 bajo cero. >> la tuberÍa de este restaurante se reventara, asimismo el techo de una iglesia colapso, equipos de emergencia respondieron al incidente donde dijeron que no se registraron vÍctimas. el gobernador declarÓ estado de emergencia por el invierno, el techo de este banquete se derrumbÓ. >> estamos acostumbrad

after they dropped the bomb, most of the scientists were transferred to los alamos, the underlings like myself got laid off, and i got a job working at the columbia broadcasting system. and i continued my college studies. i was going to school at night. so while i worked on the manhattan project, i would take the train from 125th street and harlem to stuyvesant and avenue in brooklyn. 37 minutes, i will never forget the exact time. [laughter] and that was my life. the knights that i went -- the nights that i went to school, i would take the trolley car to brooklyn college. and that was my life. and i got a job at cbs which turned out to be very fortunate, because then i could work at cbs in the afternoon and evenings and go to brooklyn college during the day. so i continued my studies that way. the job at cbs was -- originally, when cbs had "the voice of america," which was a program that had portuguese and spanish announcers, and they would beam these programs into south america with the native announcers. they later lost the contract. the contract went to nbc. but at that time, cbs wa

free funding for all students and helping more students like ramon at the unm branch office in los alamos who was able to it his education due to the opportunity scholarship. with seed money from the legislature this year, we were able to reach almost 5,000 new mexico students with the economic scholarship in the fall 2021 semester alone fully covering their tuition and fees at two-year institutions. if i've asked 35,000 new mexicans will have access to the higher education that they need without worrying about tuition and fees. we have a long way to go to realize the potential of this pam you it deserves our attention as policy makes. new mexico had the hangest decrease in returning states last week. we should realize that new mexico must lead the nation in "only opportunity." thisship -- n new mexicans, a proclamation in their faith of their potential, in colleges all across new mexico bemust enact and every stray to improve metrical outcomes for those who nor enter young adults and other workers treasury secretarily into the workforce. our work force is our lifeblood and the small work

los alamo,'s oak ridge, a lot of different places. lot of that was going on in secrecy and then came together successfully. so many brilliant german scientists were able to work and help us. i wonder what its legacy will be. as time goes on, things in the past shrink and shrink and shrink. so i sometimes wonder how students with more and more history to learn and less and less time, but i do think the fact that you can see movies, that's a much better way to learn than the way i did. i just read it. for the first time last month i heard this person on tv. he was calling it destructive create-ism. he was talking about civilizations that have a war with a victor and big changes afterwards. i never thought of it in that way. and i don't like to think of it that way. but he is saying that over the centuries, there is always a big come back and out of that comes new things. but i hate to think that's the only way new things can come. i don't know why we couldn't have a peaceful world. sometimes, i think if there was an enemy that was going

but i don't think -- maybe 90, 95% really knew that would end up as an adam bomb in los alamos. >> how did the have to to change the next day you came back on shift after what happened? >> well, i don't remember any particular change in the people after they knew it was an atom bomb and they were making plutonium for that particular reason. matter-of-fact, come to think of it, there was some information out prior to the announcement that talked about how much product was being made and all of these tons of uranium and they're coming out with pounds of this stuff, what's going on? but i think the answer is, they probably didn't change their attitude much. war was still going, on the cold war was getting hotter, and they built more reactors. to see reactor was kind of partly billed as an experimental reactor that slightly distant different design is also replacement for. b.b. was shut down for about six months because of the graphite expansion problem. and then, there was a reactor. and then they built a replacement for the f-reactor called h.. and later on, the k reactors were built, ma

hanford, los alamos, oak ridge, and there were a lot of other little places that were doing things. how all of that was going on secretly, and then came together successfully. so many brilliant german scientists were able to get here , and work, and help us. what its legacy will be, i wonder. as time goes on, you know, things in the past, for instance , [-. so i sometimes wonder how students, more and more history to learn. in less and less time to -- but i do think the fact that you can see movies, that is a much better way to learn, then the way i did. well, for the first time last night, i heard this person on tv. he was calling it, destructive creatism. he was talking about civilization that, you have a war, there is a victor, there are big changes afterwards. well i never thought about it in that way. and i do not like to think of it that way. but he is saying that over the centuries, there is always a [-] and out of that comes new things. but i hate to think that is the only way things can come. i do not know how we could not have a peaceful world. sometimes i think if there w

on the other hand, robert oppenheimer at los alamos is a member of a committee, it's called the interim committee, that's organized by stimpson, and he believes that the bomb should be used. he's been told -- he's back and forth to washington a lot at this time of the year, and he's been told that we're going to have to invade japan and the bomb may, in fact, prevent the necessity for the invasion. so he's supporting it, and in fact, in the interim committee, he argues that if two bombs are available, we should use both of them at the same day, but that is fortunately -- the idea is fortunately squashed. now, you all probably know the story of truman's attitude at the potsdam conference. the potsdam conference begins about the middle of july, july 15th, and the test of the atomic bomb takes place as you know in alamogordo on july 16th, and general groves' report arrives in potsdam hand carried and given to stimpson who briefs president truman on it on the 21st of july, and churchill in his famous volumes on world war ii when he discusses potsdam, he says now i know what happened to trum

but during that time, it was wonderful and i will never forget my dear old los alamos. >> if you like american history tv, keep up with us on facebook, twitter, and youtube. learn about what happened on this day in history and see preview clips of upcoming programs. follow us at c-span history. >> you are watching american history tv -- every weekend on c-span3, explore our nation's past. american history tv on c-span3. today, we are brought to you by these television companies who provide american history tv to viewers as a public service. >> paul polgar talks about his book, "standard bearers of equality" and argues the early black-and-white activists sought to end racial inequality and contrasts their goals with the antebellum antislavery movement. the nantucket historical association hosted this event and provided the video. amelia: my name is amelia holmes and i'm excited to introduce you to our speaker. paul polgar is a professor at the university of mississippi where he researches and teaches on slavery, racism and emancipation in the broader atlantic world. his first book was

los alamos national laboratory provided the video for this program. >> thank you for tuning in. it is the 75th anniversary. i want you to be thinking about this question. is trinity the greatest single scientific experiment? think about that as we go through the slides this morning and hopefully that question will inspire a lot of people. let's go ahead and begin the show.

tonight, los alamos describes the worry leading up to that historic test. watch tonight beginning at 8:00 p.m. eastern, and enjoy american history tv every weekend on c-span3. >>> we're back with daniel cox, who is the polling and public opinion research fellow at the american enterprise institute. and daniel's here to talk to us about a new study on post-election political violence and conspiracy theories. daniel, good morning. >> good morning. >> so, first, start us off by giving us some background. what is the survey center on american life? >> so, it's a relatively new venture at the american enterprise institute, started last fall. and the purpose is

it and then took the product and that is when they got enough to ship in april 1945 out there to los alamosand that is all there is to it. we got special cylinders to feed to the cascade that weren't the same as the ones we had been feeding normally from the feed plant, the k 25. so there was something different in them, which we didn't know, but our job was to operate it that way. and suddenly, this fellow bill humes, who was in charge of the top of the cascade and later in charge of all k 25 and later a vice president of union carbide, bill humes, his whole attitude changed. he became one happy camper. [laughter] you could tell something had happened. [laughter] you knew it was something good, but you just had to guess at something, that somebody was getting close. but i am glad to have that straightened out. i thought we were the top of it. and i was pleased being there halfway, i guess. [laughter] what else can you enlighten me on? interviewer: one thing we want to impress upon people, that the success of the manhattan project wasn't inevitable, and there was a lot of innovation that we

tonight los alamos senior historian alan carr tells the history of creating the first atomic bomb anddescribes the worry leading up to the test. watch tonight beginning at 8:00 p.m. eastern and enjoy american history tv every weekend on c-span3. >>> you're watching american history tv. every weekend on c-span3, explore our nation's past. american history tv on c-span3, created by america's cable television companies and today were brought to you by these television companies who provide american history tv to viewers as a public service. >>> next on the civil war, caroline wood newhall, a postdoctoral fellow, discusses research on black prisoners of war in the confederacy. she examines the misconception that all captured u.s. colored troops were executed and goes on to describe how many were,

wouldn't have most of the southwest settled here still in new mexico the manhattan project arrived in los alamos in 1943. it was thought like the hanford planned promised land to be a temporary thing. it was a mystery like the hanford. it was an instant town of 6000 people, but that's still there. now let's talk about how race changed because of the war. this is one of the more interesting side things as well. i mentioned portland was mostly almost all white city to this day portland. oregon is is i think the second most white major metropolitan city in the united states seattle is not far behind and not far behind that was los angeles? it was full of midwestern transplants. these were largely white cities along the coast. the war changed everything there. so i'll tell you a story. i live in an old farmhouse a block from lake washington in seattle and on summer days. i'll go lounge on my deck. every once in a while on a sunday, i'll hear this drone overhead this clip of air being chopped. and look up and see a formation of b-17s the flying fortresses. claims that won the war they have these reun

tonight, los alamos national laboratory senior historian alan carr tells the story behind creating the first atomic bomb and describes the worry leading up to the historic test. watch tonight beginning at 8:00 p.m. eastern and enjoy american history tv every weekend on c-span3. >> you're watching american history tv every weekend on c-span3. explore our nation's past. american history tv on c-span 3 created by america's cable television companies and today we're brought to you by these television companies who provide american history tv to viewers as a public service. the >>> up next on american history tv, is author tera hunter speaks with the co-editors of the journal of the civil war era about the significance of juneteenth in her book "bound in wedlock, slave and free black marriage in the late 19th century" and describes the difference between the emancipation proclamation and juneteenth as well as how few people navigated family ties and relation ships after the war. "the journal of the civil war era" provided this video.

together in this cooperative bring it all here >> you build a gigantic complex of fabs, you do los alamosspace and bring all of this incredible intellectual property, from the lams of the world, tim archer. and the intel plants, i went on saturday morning. >> there's nobody in there. >> i was the only one there, other than the guy who ran intel, a great survivor of the holocaust, amazing man and with the fab, the problem with the fab is it doesn't create a lot of jobs at once. but the industry has to get behind this. and more than making it look like corporate greed that's not going to fly. >> interesting taiwan semi has the thing in arizona? >> and taiwan semi's clients are prc, you have to be carol, a fine line and the president's approach to look at what to do with taiwan, it muddled the water, but i understand he is right and what has to happen, we have to make it that the chinese are not in charge of our semiconductor world and the chinese order, they do just in case, and they order all sorts of chips and we do just in time, and if you look at where gm is, and ford, the stocks would

segÚn los agricultores, fue por venganza. Álamoticia para jessica. la presa continÚa en manos de los agricultores, mientras que los jÓvenes campesinos siguen en la cÁrcel. aÚn no se ha anunciado la fecha del juicio. jaime torres estÁ recibiendo terapia y dice que, en el atentado contra su vida, ni el asesinato de su esposa detendrÁn su defensa por el suministro de agua para sus cosechas. ya regresamos. locutor: al volver. en los circos, la risa se transforma en angustia. >> si no hay pÚblico, no hay funciones. el empresario no te puede cumplir. es algo lÓgico. tacher: ¿quÉ tal amigos de “aquÍ y ahora”? este lunes comenzamos la semana en “despierta amÉrica”. con bombos y platillos y con una sÚper estrella aquÍ en vivo en nuestra casa en exclusiva alejandra guzmÁn. martÍnez: conoceremos la historia de la modelo que hoy triunfa en el mundo de la alta costura y que se criÓ en un pequeÑo pueblo de la repÚblica dominicana. tacher: y hollywood regresa a “despierta amÉrica” y sÓlo aquÍ verÁs la entrevista que le hice a jodie foster. martÍn

tonight los alamos national historian alan carr describes the worry leading up to that historic test. watch tonight beginning at 8:00 p.m. eastern, and enjoy "american history tv" every weekend on c-span3. >> you're watching "american history tv." every week ond on c-span3, explore our nation's past. "american history tv" on c-span three, created by america's television companies. today we're brought by these television companies who provide "american history tv" to jurors as a public service. >>> co-authorities kent garrett and jeanne ellsworth talk about "the last negros at harvard," looking back at the journeys of 18 students admitted to harvard in 1959 during the civil rights movement. this event was part of the 2020 savannah book festival held b

tonight, los alamos describes the worry leading up to that historic test. watch tonight beginning at 8:00 p.m. eastern, and enjoy american history tv every weekend on c-span3. >>> we're back with daniel cox, who is the polling and public opinion research fellow at the american enterprise institute. and daniel's here to talk to us about a new study on post-election political violence and conspiracy theories. daniel, good morning. >> good morning. >> so, first, start us off by giving us some background. what is the survey center on american life? >> so, it's a relatively new venture at the american enterprise institute, started last fall. and the purpose is really to try to understand the lives of everyday americans. so much of the public opinion landscape focuses on these national debates, national issues that a lot of americans don't spend a lot of time thinking about. so we wanted to dedicate our resources and our research understanding just how americans are living their lives. >> you're the director and founder of that survey center. so tell us about the