thorns for henry iv during his religious wars, for the widow of louis the 13th and the victories of louis xivink about quasimodo, a return to hope one evening in 1896. for the days that we celebrated the liberation under general goal. to france, to its soldiers, it's great people, yes, those bells rang. everyone who has been part of our history. at the same time, we will never hear that voice again. the 15th of april 2019, the news of the fire was on everyone's lips. the fire spread to the transept, the smoke was dark, black, and there were hours of fighting the fire. the decision to see what would happen, all of these moments of hope, to see what might happen to the stone and the glass. for hours students came down from... to find... people in times square stood in front of those images. and in moscow, faithfulfrom all over gathered in front of embassies. indonesia, we had people praying for notre dame. —— niger. there were people awaiting the worst news as we saw the fires spread. and yet there was hope as well. some people might call a chance, others destiny, others might call it providenc

thorns for henry iv during his religious wars, for the widow of louis xiii, and the victories of louis xiv, for napoleon and on a day in 180a, for victor hugo. he used them to dream and think about quasimodo, clodell, who returned to hope one evening in 1896. forthe returned to hope one evening in 1896. for the days that we celebrated the liberation under general de gaulle, to france, to its soldiers, to its great people, yes, those bells rang. everyone who has been part of our history. at the same time, we will never hear that voice again. the 15th of april, 2019, the news of the fire was on everyone's lips. the fire spread to the transept will stop the smoke was dark, black, and there were hours of fighting the fire. a decision to see what would happen, all these moments of hope to see what might happen to the stone and the glass, four hours. students came down from saint genevieve to find fields. people in times square stood in front of those first images, and in moscow, faithfulfrom all over gathered in front of embassies. in niger, we had people praying in their religion for notre dam

louis xiv might not have said it, but trump appears determined to embody it. joining us now, ruth ben-ghiat, history professor at new york university and author of, strongmen. mussolini to the present. as always, thank you very much for coming to the saturday show. you are the expert in strongmen. am i going too far in making this connection between donald trump and how he views the presidency? >> no, not at all. and, i am the state, perfectly expresses this kind of leader does not recognize any boundary between public and private. and, they believe they have proprietary authority over everything. that is how documents ended up in donald trump's private residence, for example. when you have this kind of authoritarian imperialists, loyalty becomes the biggest currency, and him surrounded himself with his nominees and his picks, even though, they have not had confirmation yet by the government, is showing that these are his people and they have been picked, not for their professionalism or their expertise. some of them have very little, but because they are goin

history to those watching at home, the bell was cast in 1683 and named emmanuelle by its father louis xivit is 21 centimetres thick. it weighs 13 tonnes including 500 kilogramsjust including 500 kilograms just for including 500 kilogramsjust for its clapper. that bail signifies the beginning of what is going to be a hugely symbolic moment for france. it feels almost wrong, does it not, to talk over the beautiful sound of those bells reverberating around the cathedral. everyone here is just staring up at the late facade of notre dame. in absolute awe. if i might bring you in at this moment, the significance of this bell and what it means for the cathedral cannot be understated this what it means for the cathedral cannot be understated- cannot be understated this is really the — cannot be understated this is really the voice _ cannot be understated this is really the voice of _ cannot be understated this is really the voice of the - really the voice of the cathedral and by extension the voice _ cathedral and by extension the voice of— cathedral and by extension the voice of the catholic chu